Background: Livable environment and ways, as the necessary conditions for the elderly to enjoy their old age, have a significant impact on their mental health and happiness. It's crucial to understand how living arrangements affect depressive symptoms in China. Studies on how various leisure activities modify this association are yet limited. Methods: This study relies on panel data derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), collected during waves spanning 2008/2009, 2011/2012, 2014, and 2018. The primary objective is to examine the relationship between living arrangements, leisure activities, and depressive symptoms of elderly individuals. Linear mixed -effects models were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 26,342 observations aged 65 and over were included in this paper. Older adults living alone (beta = 0.66, 95 % CI: 0.55, 0.76) or living in institutions (beta = 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.40, 0.98) had more depressive symptoms than those living with family. Leisure activities were negatively associated with depressive symptoms (beta = -0.16, 95 % CI: -0.18, -0.15). Moreover, there was significant interactions between living arrangements and leisure activities. No matter which kind of living arrangements, participating in physical, productive or social activity was associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms. Limitations: Study design might introduce bias, and it cannot establish causality between the tested variables. Conclusions: Older adults living alone or in institutions have more possibility to develop depressive symptoms than those living with family, and such a relationship among Chinese older adults can be moderated by participating in leisure activities.

This study aims to investigate the associations of caring for grandchildren and/or great-grandparents with depressive symptoms, as well as life satisfaction in Chinese grandparents, and analyze the moderating roles of urban-rural residence and social participation. A nationally representative sample of 2973 grandparents in families with great-grandparents and grandchildren were selected from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD-10) and the single-item were used to measure depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Social participation included participation in social and intellectual activities. The binary logistic regression model was employed to explore the relationship between caring and depressive symptoms, as well as life satisfaction in the whole participants, different urban-rural residence, and social participation groups, respectively. Caring was associated with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction (p < 0.05). A significant interaction existed between caring and urban-rural residence for depressive symptoms (interaction p = 0.029) and life satisfaction (interaction p = 0.027). Significant interactions were also found among caring, urban-rural residence, and social activities with depressive symptoms (interaction p = 0.025). In urban, caring for both was negatively related to depressive symptoms for the non-social activists, while in rural, caring for great-grandparents was positively associated with depressive symptoms for social activists (p < 0.05). Any new policy design related to preventing and reducing the possibility of mental disorders in Chinese grandparents should be tailored to heterogeneous subgroups who live in different rural-urban and social activities participation.

It has been demonstrated that a healthy lifestyle affects cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, while the role of activities of daily living (ADL) has not been investigated. This study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from the first wave (2011) to the third wave (2015), aiming to examine the mediating role of ADL in this relationship. The sample included 13,227 middle-aged and older adults who participated in the three wave surveys. A battery of tests, including episodic memory and executive function, were used to evaluate cognitive function, and ten variables, including BMI, exercise and other variables were employed to construct healthy lifestyle indicators. A cross-lagged model was utilized to confirm the mediating effect of ADL between healthy lifestyle and cognitive function. The results revealed that T1 healthy lifestyle had a significant negative prediction for T2 ADL (β =-0.051, P < 0.001). T1 ADL significantly negatively predicted T2 health lifestyle (β = -0.052, P < 0.001). T1 cognitive function significantly negatively predicted T2 ADL (β =-0.032, P < 0.001). T2 ADL significantly negatively predicted T3 cognitive function (β = -0.103, P < 0.001). T2 cognitive function significantly negatively predicted T3 ADL (β = -0.003, P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, T2 ADL negatively mediated the association between T1 healthy lifestyle (β = -0.118, P < 0.001) and T3 cognitive function (β = -0.215, P < 0.001). The model explained 8.2

Background Since few studies have incorporated factors like stressors, coping styles, and academic burnout into the same model to analyze their impacts on depressive symptoms, this research attempts to establish an optimal structural model to explore the direct and indirect effects of these factors on depressive symptoms. Methods A total of 266 postgraduates completed questionnaires regarding coping styles, academic burnout, stressors, and depressive symptoms. The path analysis was applied for investigating the roles of coping styles and academic burnout in mediating the relationship between stressors and depressive symptoms. Results The total and direct effects of stressors on depressive symptoms were 0.53 and 0.31, respectively. The proportion of the direct effect of stressors on depressive symptoms to its total effect amounted to 58.50%. The indirect effects of academic burnout, positive coping style, and negative coping style on the association between stressors and depressive symptoms were 0.11, 0.04, and 0.03, taking up 20.75%, 7.55%, and 5.66% of the total effect, respectively. The serial indirect effect of positive coping style and academic burnout was 0.02, accounting for 3.77% of the total effect, while that of negative coping style and academic burnout was 0.02, taking up 3.77% of the total effect. Conclusions Coping styles and academic burnout chain jointly mediate the relationship between stressors and depressive symptoms among postgraduates. Thus, encouraging postgraduates to tackle stress positively may reduce the likelihood of the development of academic burnout and further reduce depressive symptoms.

Objective:To analyze the acceptance of self-rescue health education for public emergencies among Chinese mi-grants and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for improving the situation of emergency literacy of Chinese migrants.Methods:Data of the 2018 China migrants dynamic survey were used for analysis,and the random forest model was used to rank the importance of variables and reduce their dimensions.Variables with the minimum error rate of out-of-bag estimation was incor-porated into the logistic regression to analyze the direction and relative risk of the independent.Results:The acceptance rate of self-rescue health education in public emergencies of Chinese migrants was 32.2%,and the error rate of out-of-bag estimation was lowest when the number of variables was 8.The top eight variables of importance were education level,health records,inflow re-gion,average monthly household income,range of flow,household registration,age and reason of flow.The regression results showed that the middle school(OR=1.361),high school and junior college(OR=1.651),and college and above(OR=1.709)compared to elementary school and below,and the lower-middle-income(OR=1.204),middle-income(OR=1.380),middle-upper-income(OR=1.428),and upper-income(OR=1.404)compared to the low-income group as well as Chinese migrants within the province across municipalities(OR=1.078)and within municipalities across counties(OR=1.049)compared to across provinces were more likely to receive self-help health education on public emergencies.Chinese migrants aged 60 years and above(OR=0.898),agricultural household registration(OR=0.880),health record unregistered(OR=0.630),the reason of mobility was family moving(OR=0.649)and marriage(OR=0.702),and northeast region(OR=0.722)were less likely to receive self-rescue health education in public emergencies.Conclusion:The acceptance rate of self-help education on public emergencies a-mong Chinese migrants is low.The overall level of acceptance of self-help health education increases with the level of education and average monthly household income,and there are population and regional differences.It is necessary to increase emergency educa-tion and publicity for key populations,strengthen the allocation of resources,and promote the equalization of basic public health services.

OBJECTIVE:This study aims to verify the moderating roles of lifestyle factors and age between body mass index (BMI), BMI trajectory and depressive symptoms of Chinese adults through a prospective design. METHODS:The participants who are 18 years old and above from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were included in the 2016 baseline and 2018 follow-up research. BMI was calculated according to self-report weight (kilogram) and height (centimeter). Depressive symptoms were evaluated via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD-20) scale. Inverse probability-of-censoring weighted estimation (IPCW) was used to check whether selection bias existed. Modified Poisson regression was performed to calculate prevalence and risk ratios as well as 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS:After adjustment, it was found that the positive associations of persistent underweight (RR = 1.154, P < 0.001) and normal weight → underweight (RR = 1.143, P < 0.001) with 2018 depressive symptoms were significant among middle-aged people, while the negative association of persistent overweight/obesity (RR = 0.972, P < 0.001) was significant in young adults. Notably, smoking moderated the relationship between baseline BMI and subsequent depressive symptoms (interaction P = 0.028). Also, exercise regularly and exercise duration weekly moderated the relationships of baseline BMI (interaction P = 0.004 and 0.015) and trajectories of BMI (interaction P = 0.008 and 0.011) with depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, respectively. CONCLUSION:Weight management strategies for underweight and normal weight → underweight adults should pay attention to the role of exercise in maintaining normal weight and improving depressive symptoms.