Alcoholic liver injury (ALI) accounts for a major share of the global burden of non-viral liver disease. In the absence of specialized medications, research on using fruit flavonoids as a treatment is gaining momentum. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of four fruits rich in structurally diverse flavonoids: ougan (Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima, OG), mulberry (Morus alba L., MB), apple (Malus x domestica Borkh., AP), and turnjujube (Hovenia dulcis Thunnb., TJ). A total of one flavanone glycoside, three polymethoxyflavones, two anthocyanins, one flavonol glycoside, and one dihydroflavonol were identified through UPLC analysis. In an acute ethanol-induced ALI mouse model, C57BL/6J mice were supplemented with 200 mg/kg & sdot;BW/day of different fruit extracts for three weeks. Our results showed that the four extracts exhibited promising benefits in improving lipid metabolism disorders, iron overload, and oxidative stress. RT-PCR and Western blot tests suggested that the potential mechanism may partially be attributed to the activation of the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response and the inhibition of ferroptosis pathways. Furthermore, fruit extracts administration demonstrated a specific regulatory role in intestinal microecology, with increases in beneficial bacteria such as Dubosiella, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong links between intestinal flora, lipid metabolism, and iron homeostasis, implying that the fruit extracts mitigated ALI via the gut microbiota-liver axis. In vitro experiments reaffirmed the activity against ethanol-induced oxidative damage and highlighted the positive effects of flavonoid components. These findings endorse the prospective application of OG, MB, AP, and TJ as dietary supplements or novel treatments for ALI.

衢州市柑橘栽培历史悠久,柑橘种质资源丰富.总结分析了衢州市柑橘种质资源的收集、保护、利用情况,提出了今后促进柑橘种质资源工作的建议.针对目前一些优质特色柑橘种质资源逐渐减少的情况和存在的重收集轻鉴定评价、重保存保护轻选育利用等问题,建议开展衢州市柑橘种质资源系统性调查与收集,尤其注重衢橘、椪柑、胡柚、香抛等地方特色柑橘种质资源的收集与保护,扩建完善现有的柑橘种质资源圃.加强已收集保存的种质资源的表型及基因型鉴定,筛选优质种质资源,强化杂交育种,以加速柑橘种质创新和新品种选育应用进程.

Peach fruit is rich in nutrition, easy to digest and absorb, and loved by consumers. However, peach fruits are prone to mechanical damage after harvesting, decay and quality loss, limiting their commercial value. This study investigated the effect of different precooling rates on the reduction of mechanical damage in peaches after harvest. 'Hujingmilu' peach fruits were subjected to precooling treatments (rapid precooling for 3 h and slow precooling for 16 h, reducing the core temperature of the fruit from 27 ˚C to 9 ˚C), with the control (Control check, CK) being without precooling. Afterwards, the fruits were subjected to compression damage (A texture analyzer with a probe diameter of 100 mm, a test depth of 10 mm and an extrusion speed of 1.5 mm/s was used to simulate the compression process). Overall, the precooling treatment, especially the rapid precooling treatment of 3 h, reduced bruise index, decay rate and weight loss rate, delayed the decline of fruit firmness during storage and accelerated the rise of phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in the late storage period. In particular, the bruise index and decay rate of the fruits subjected to rapid precooling (3 h) were reduced by 11.7% and 8.3%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the precooling treatments, regardless of time (3 h or 16 h), minimised increase in respiration rate, ethylene production, malondialdehyde content and polyphenol oxidase activity in the peach fruit with compression damage. The polyphenol oxidase activities in rapid precooled and the slow precooled fruits were 75.7% and 72.1%, respectively of the control at 21 d of storage. In addition, the precooling treatments also delayed the increase in total phenolic content, with rapid and slow precooling having 85.1% and 92.1%, respectively of phenolic content contained in the control treatment at 7 d of storage. In conclusion, rapid precooling of postharvest peach fruit prior to compression damage can reduce quality deterioration and decay of the peach fruit, and therefore, could improve the marketability of the fruit.

红美人柑橘因"好看好吃好卖"而受到消费者的喜爱,成为近年来柑橘品种结构调整的优选品种之一.高接换种是淘汰旧品种发展柑橘新品种的主要措施,具有保持优良品质,提前结果的特点.也存在高接红美人后出现树势衰弱、果型小、产量低等问题,效益不显著甚至不如种植老品种.本文针对高接换种红美人的优缺点、主要操作要点及其后的优质丰产稳产栽培技术进行了总结分析,旨在为促进红美人柑橘产业的高质量发展提供技术支撑.

Hongmeiren is a high-quality orange fruit but susceptible to mechanical damage. This work proposes a new packaging format (Packaging C), which used the plastic partition boards to separate the folding plastic basket to avoid the fruits from crushing each other, and used a PU foam layer and placed it along the inside of the EPE foam layer to meet the different sizes of fruits. The results show that under both 3 and 10 h of simulated transportation, Packaging C achieved a much lower damage and decay rates than Packaging A (plastic bulk containers), and this was further verified by the road transportation. Besides, Packaging C could avoid dents in the peel of some large fruits compared to the gift packaging (Packaging B). Although the use of inner packaging could increase the use of packaging, it can reduce the waste of cultivation and transportation resources caused by not being able to deliver the fruit to the consumer, as well as environmental pollution caused by fruit decay. Moreover, low temperature (10 °C) and high humidity (90% RH) during transportation could further reduce the damage and packages at the rear position obtained a higher damage rate than at the front position, but no obvious difference was found between stack heights.

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the largest family of enzymes in plant and play multifarious roles in development and defense but the available information about the CYP superfamily in citrus is very limited. Here we provide a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the CYP superfamily in Citrus clementina genome, identifying 301 CYP genes grouped into ten clans and 49 families. The characteristics of both gene structures and motif compositions strongly supported the reliability of the phylogenetic relationship. Duplication analysis indicated that tandem duplication was the major driving force of expansion for this superfamily. Promoter analysis revealed numerous cis-acting elements related to various responsiveness. RNA-seq data elucidated their expression patterns in citrus fruit peel both during development and in response to UV-B. Furthermore, we characterize a UV-B-induced CYP gene (Ciclev10019637m, designated CitF3 ' H) as a flavonoid 3 '-hydroxylase for the first time. CitF3 ' H catalyzed numerous flavonoids and favored naringenin in yeast assays. Virus-induced silencing of CitF3 ' H in citrus seedlings significantly reduced the levels of 3 '-hydroxylated flavonoids and their derivatives. These results together with the endoplasmic reticulum-localization of CitF3 ' H in plant suggest that this enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of 3 '-hydroxylated flavonoids in citrus. Taken together, our findings provide extensive information about the CYP superfamily in citrus and contribute to further functional verification.