Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) system is promising for efficient wastewater treatment, but intermittent oxygen supply under diurnal cycling may impair their operational performance. This study evaluated a complementary oxygen supply strategy (photo-phase non-aeration/dark-phase aeration, PNA/DA) to optimize the performance and efficiency of MBGS system. The results demonstrated under the optimized PNA/DA strategy, MBGS achieved excellent settleability (SVI₅ = 54.58 mL/g), with filamentous cyanobacteria providing structural support, while steady-state total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiencies ultimately reached 89.60 ± 2.82% (photo-phase) and 79.41 ± 3.59% (dark-phase), markedly outperforming non-aeration (NA), continuous aeration (CA), and intermittent aeration (IA) strategies. Microbial analysis further revealed that the functional genera Leptolyngbya_PCC-6306 and Thauera were highly enriched under this strategy. Concurrently, key enzymatic activities mediating nitrogen metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly enhanced. These findings proved that the PNA/DA strategy represented a highly promising approach for efficient low-carbon wastewater treatment, providing critical theoretical parameters for MBGS process optimization.

Microalgae-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) process has great potential in achieving carbon neutrality and energy neutrality, but rapidly cultivating MBGS remains challenging. To address this challenge, this study proposes a new strategy to develop MBGS systems using pre-made granules from microalgae and dewatered sludge. The results indicate that using pre-made microalgae-dewatered sludge granules (M-DSG) as inoculants can directly develop MBGS system, with M-DSG maintaining a relatively stable granular structure, and ultimately achieving pollutant removal efficiencies of 94.0% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 99.7% for ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and 86.0% for total inorganic nitrogen (TIN). Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a dominant role in maintaining the structure of granules, while filamentous bacteria/algae provide additional reinforcement. The adhesion of microalgae to granules possibly relies on polysaccharides in tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) and proteins in loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS). Microbial community analysis reveals that the target algae (Chlorella) remain the primary algae, and heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria (HNB) and denitrifying bacteria are enriched.

Complex heavy metal (HM)-containing wastewater discharges pose substantial risks to global water ecosystems and human health. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has attracted increased attention as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent in HM-containing wastewater treatment. Therefore, this study systematically evaluates the effect of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Cr(III) addition on the characteristics, performance and mechanism of AGS in complex HM-containing wastewater treatment process by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma spectrocopcy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) fractions detection and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray. The results showed that AGS efficiently eliminated Cu(II), Ni(II), and Cr(III) by the orchestrated mechanisms of ion exchange, three-layer EPS adsorption [soluble microbial products EPS (SMP-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS)], and inner-sphere adsorption; notably, almost 100% of Ni(II) was removed. Three-layer EPS adsorption was the dominant mechanism through which the HM were removed, followed by ion exchange and inner-sphere adsorption. SMP-EPS and TB-EPS were identified as the key EPS fractions for adsorbing Cr(III) and Cu(II), respectively, while Ni(II) was adsorbed evenly on SMP-EPS, TB-EPS, and LB-EPS. Moreover, the rates at which the complex HM penetrated into the granule interior and their affinity for EPS followed the order Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Cr(III). Ultimately, addition of complex HM stimulated microorganisms to excrete massive phosphodiesterases (PDEs), leading to a pronounced decrease in cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels, which subsequently suppressed EPS secretion due to the direct linkage between c-di-GMP and EPS. This study unveils the adaptability and removal mechanism of AGS in the treatment of complex HM-containing wastewater, which is expected to provide novel insights for addressing the challenges posed by intricate real wastewater scenarios.

随着无线通信技术和互联网技术的快速发展,物联网在殡仪设备中的应用也越来越广泛.文章针对火葬场火化设备,利用ARM嵌入式技术开发了火化设备上位机—下位机远程无线监控系统.采用嵌入式双STM32芯片作为下位机监控终端系统的控制板.采用PHP及MySQL技术开发了一种具有B/S系统构架的火化设备远程无线监控的上位机终端监视软件,并对需要采集和控制的传感器和执行器进行了布设.实现了基于4G无线网络对火葬场火化设备工况数据的远程无线监控,更加全面地监测火化过程的燃烧情况和控制相关焚烧参数,提高了火化设备的人机交互性和扩展性.该系统可适用于不同类型的火化设备,应用前景广阔.

This system is based on the characteristics of cremation equipment operating conditions, automatic detection technology, and environmental protection standards. It uses intelligent sensors to measure the operating temperature of the cremator and its flue gas post-processing equipment, furnace negative pressure, fuel consumption, pollutant emissions and other parameters, Comprehensive and real-time detection of cremation process, and management of sampling data. The system is researched and developed from the following four aspects: using virtual instruments and fieldbus technology to develop testing platforms; upgrading on-site testing data acquisition system hardware; developing testing system software; establishing a multi-channel data acquisition system.

针对现阶段焚烧炉系统对燃烧过程的监测和控制不足的问题,提出了一套应用于焚烧炉的智能测控系统设计方案.系统基于工业控制计算机和智能仪表设计,采用RS485通信技术,保证了系统通信的稳定性和准确性.针对焚烧炉温控过程中出现的响应速度慢、抗干扰能力差等问题,引入了模糊PID自整定控制策略,制定了适用于焚烧炉系统的模糊化规则表,通过实时改变燃料供给量和配风量实现对炉温的快速、精准调控.并与传统的PID控制方法进行了对比实验,实验结果显示,本套系统的调节时间t＜300 s,系统超调量小于1.2％,稳态误差在±10℃范围内,各项标准与传统的PID控制方式对比均有明显提升,值得在此类焚烧炉测控系统中应用推广.

本研究通过调节并设定一系列遗物祭品焚烧炉直排引风机的工作频率,控制焚烧炉烟气管道内的烟气流量,同时,通过监测系统实时监控并记录管道烟气流量、再燃室炉膛温度以及排放烟气中的CO、NOx等常规污染物的含量,并对实验数据进行统计分析.研究发现,遗物祭品焚烧炉再燃室的燃烧工况及其炉温直接影响烟气中常规污染物的含量,该焚烧炉再燃室炉温达到600℃后,其常规污染物排放进入较佳区域.本研究中,遗物祭品焚烧炉再燃室炉温、烟气氧含量及其污染物排放的变化规律及影响评价,为进一步对遗物祭品焚烧炉的燃烧特性和污染物排放控制研究提供了参考.

长距离导波检测技术在工业检测过程中有很高的应用前景,采用该技术可以快速、高效地确定结构断面上的损失率,既可以应用于停车检验,也可应用于在线监测.该检测装置中铁钴带可将电磁信号转化为结构中的波动信号,对于检验的精度起着极为重要的作用.目前工业检测中所使用的铁钴带均为进口材料,价格昂贵,这是制约该项技术应用的主要因素.通过采用半定量光谱分析法确定了铁钴带的化学成分;采用螺旋测微计、天平和维氏硬度计对其物理性能进行检测,了解其常规物理参数;利用拉伸试验对铁钴带的力学性能进行检测,确定了材料的弹性极限、屈服点和弹性模量等力学参数;通过对试验得出的具体性能参数进行分析,确定了铁钴带在长距离导波检测过程中的作用原理及影响检测精度的主要因素.该研究对于材料的最终国产化工作具有重要的意义.

为更好地完成燃气管道修复工程中对内衬软管的切割工作,设计一种应用于非开挖翻转内衬修复技术的管道切割机器人.通过UG软件设计管道切割机器人的整体三维模型,并建立该机器人的动力学方程,运用ADAMS仿真软件对该机器人进行运动仿真,验证管道切割机器人在实际管道内部运动过程的稳定性.首先分析管道切割机器人每个电机输出力矩曲线图的变化特性,成功验证管道切割机器人的运动姿态满足稳定性要求;然后分析该机器人每个电机质心的位移、速度曲线图的变化特性,成功验证管道切割机器人的运动轨迹满足稳定性要求.仿真结果表明,该管道切割机器人具有结构设计合理、运动安全稳定、动作快速的特点,为非开挖翻转内衬修复技术提供了一种节约成本与工期的优良设备.

This paper designs and develops a remote acquisition and monitoring system which is compatible with multi-channel gas sensors with different signals and wiring types. The configuration structure of the system adopts dual STM32 chip system and 4G transmission module. The system realizes remote collection of the incineration equipment flue gas parameters. At the same time, it realizes the remote control of the acquisition and monitoring system to the field execution equipment. The validity and reliability of the acquisition and control system are verified by experiments. The acquisition and monitoring system provides a convenient and effective scheme for the information acquisition of flue gas parameters.

By studying the special characteristics of incinerators, we have developed an on-line monitoring scheme based on PHP and MYSQL technology for incineration equipment. This scheme is capable of immediately monitoring and analyzing the parameters of flue gas, fan, fuel injector and other related parameters tested by incineration detection equipment installed in the incinerator. Moreover, the scheme can remotely send control instructions for the on-line incinerator equipment. The implementation and application of this scheme will increase the efficiency of monitoring on-line incineration equipment and analyzing relevant data.

为了优化步进电机的控制方式,对其加减速曲线的控制性能进行了研究.通过分析步进电机的匀加速运动以及变加速运动在升降频曲线中存在的不足,应用STM32提出了一种能够保证步进电机在升降频阶段稳定工作的算法,与典型的匀加减速曲线算法、指数型加减速曲线算法进行了仿真比较分析,最后结合实际应用对该算法进行了优化.仿真以及实验结果表明:使用本文中拟合的Sigmoid函数,其占用少量的内存空间,可以根据当前情况进行调整,加减速的灵活性强.该方法具有与Sigmoid函数平滑性相关的功能,应用简单,易于后期的维护.

宁夏葡萄产业起步早发展晚的特点使得宁夏葡萄种植面积虽占全国种植面积四分之一,但与之配套的机械化生产发展却相对滞后.在近年来产业增速放缓的大背景下,为了突破机械化生产瓶颈,调动葡萄生产率先实现全面机械化,通过走访调研与基础研究.就宁夏葡萄机械化生产进行了基于SWOT-AHP的建模、分析与计算,得出未来宁夏葡萄机械化生产发展的战略模型,并提出了可行性发展建议,为种植农户与企业针对产业生产机械化的发展建设指明了方向.

With the embedded technology and the 4G TD-LTE wireless data transfer technology, a remote acquisition system for the working data of cremation equipment has been researched in this paper. The acquisition system realizes acquiring data and uploading data to internet, centralizing storage and monitoring the data timely. The data will support engineers in realizing remote cremation equipment maintenance, fault diagnosis, operation monitoring and upgrade of cremation equipment.

我国是世界上人口最多的国家,也是人口死亡数量最大的国家,受土地资源等诸多条件的限制,国家对殡葬方式进行了一系列改革.目前,火葬作为国家倡导的一种殡葬方式而被推行,但遗体火化和遗物祭品焚烧过程会产生有害大气污染物,而且由于殡葬行业的特点,烟囱高度普遍较低,大气污染物近地面扩散,从而对周边环境及人体健康产生影响.

The cremation of the remains and the burning of relics and sacrifices are the core and key to the funeral and funeral services. With the development of computer and numerical computation, the research of cremation process is becoming more and more important. Changing the traditional combustion method is of great significance for efficient operation of equipment and energy saving and emission reduction. In this paper, we transmit the combustion data collected by the smart sensor to the remote server terminal in real time through GPRS data transmission technology. Then we set up a database for data storage. Logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost algorithm three data analysis models were used to establish a multi-input and multi-output simulation model of cremation equipment. And the actual working conditions in the process of cremation equipment were simulated to provide guidance. An intelligent monitoring system for cremation equipment is established, which integrates computer technology, sensing technology, automatic control technology, network technology and communication technology. This is of great significance for promoting the scientific development of modern funeral business.

The technology of multi-axis controlling is one of the key technologies in six-axis denture carving machine.The general numerical algorithm is not applicable because of its special structure.This paper introduces a new method,which applies homogeneous transformation,achieves linkage between a linear axis and a circular axis based on it's own structure.And it analyzes the error in the process of interpolation according to its specific trajectory.Meanwhile,it also gets the motion control parameters and the error of unit processing cycle in the process of interpolation,processing a random plane curve,with the help of MATLAB.