为了使有机肥和无机肥经同一机具施用,并做到精准施肥,提出了一种基于自适应遗传算法的双料箱施肥方法及相应系统.它主要由远程上位机、GPRS模块、GPS模块、STM32、电机驱动模块及排肥机构组成.在施肥过程中,安装在拖拉机轮轴上的霍尔传感器及驾驶室内的GPS模块将拖拉机驱动轮角速度和所处位置信息反馈到STM32中;STM32自动利用已设定函数决策开始控制施肥作业,同时排肥轴转速根据自适应遗传PID算法动态调整,达到稳态.结果表明:基于自适应遗传算法的双料箱施肥系统相比传统的控制算法,使系统迅速响应并于0.2s内达到稳态.

The contamination constants of soil,irrigation,rainfall and specific base manure to heavy metal content in flue-cured tobacco were analyzed by using the artificial simulation experiment method and mathematical statistics,and then the heavy metal source and content in flue-cured tobacco were analyzed and predicted by using contamination constants as basic parameters to provide the scientific basis for rational regulation of heavy metal content in flue-cured tobacco.Results:There are obvious differences in Cd,Hg,Pb and Cr contamination constant among four factors.The contribution ratio of heavy metal content in flue-cured tobacco is rainfall ＞ irrigation ＞ soil ＞ specific base manure under the same heavy metal concentration.The heavy metals in flue-cured tobacco are from soil and specific base manure in Guizhou tobacco-growing area mainly.66.82％ Cd,63.98％ As,92.90％ Pb and 96.91％ Cr of flue-cured tobacco are from soil and 33.01％ Cd,35.76 ％ As,7.05 ％ Pb and 3.06 ％ Cr of flue-cured tobacco are from specific base manure.99.64％ Hg of flue-cured tobacco is from specific base manure.The mean deviation ratio of predicted value of different elements is about 30 ％ by the established prediction model of heavy metal content in flue-cured tobacco and the prediction accuracy rate of the prediction model reaches above 60％,which indicates the prediction model can be basically used in rough estimation of heavy metal content in flue-cured tobacco.

To study the effects 6-BA on drought tolerance of flue-cured tobacco under drought stress,‘ Yunyan 87’ was used as experimental material,and was treated with different concentration 6-BA (50,100 and 200 μM).The results indicated that 6-BA had significant effect on tobacco drought tolerance.SOD and POD enzyme activity were increased with the increasing of 6-BA concentration,but CAT enzyme activity and MDA content were decreased with the increasing of 6 -BA.50 and 100 μM 6-BA treatment resulted in higher stomata conductance and net photosynthetic rate concentration,but the stomata conductance and net photosynthetic rate at 100 μM 6-BA treatment had no significant difference with contrast.The experiment proved that 200 μM 6-BA treatment increased the drought tolerance of flue-cured tobacco,but the mechanism was different from ABA.

[Objective]To select a suitable compound fertilizer in tobacco cultivation areas in North Guizhou.[Method]3 kinds of new formula compound fertilizer were applied with organic fertilizer,effects of new formula compound fertilizer with organic fertilizer on economic characters and sensory evaluation quality and chemical composition coordination of flue-cured tobacco by field test were studied.[Result]The smoking quality of T1 (nutrient ratio of N:P2O5:K2O was 10:12:24) and T2 (10:10:24) new formulation compound fertilizer of tobacco were increased by 1.35 and 2.55 score respectively,the output value were increased by 16.08% and 4.73%;T2 treatment could improve the plant type,but the coordination of chemical components was poor.The economic characters,chemical components and smoking quality of T3 (N:P2O5:K2O was 10:8:24)treatment were slightly lower than those of the control.And the effect of 3 kinds of compound fertilizers on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was T1 > T2 > CK > T3.[Conclusion] Two new formulations of compound fertilizer of 10:12:24 and 10:10:24(N:P2O5:K2O) combined with organic fertilizer can effectively improve the quality of tobacco smoking and internal quality,and increase the economic efficiency.

Polyamines are ubiquitous polycationic molecules that play a key role in many biological processes such as nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis, cell growth, and nicotine synthesis precursors. This work describes a rapid, sensitive, convenient, green, and cost-effective method for the determination of polyamines in Nicotiana tabacum by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The analytes were derivatized with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride at low temperature (about 4°C) and then extracted with vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction. The experimental designs based on quarter-fractional factorial design and Doehlert design were used to screen and optimize the important factors in microextraction process. Under the optimal conditions, the method was linear over 0.05-8.00 μg/mL with an r(2) ≥ 0.992 and exhibited good repeatability and reproducibility less than 6.0 and 6.9%, respectively. The limit of detection ranged between 0.013 and 0.029 μg/g. The newly developed method was successfully employed to analyze different leaf samples of Nicotiana tabacum, among which the polyamines contents were found to be very different. Moreover, tyramine, 1,3-diaminopropane, homospermidine, and canavalmine were tentatively identified with the electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of identification of canavalmine in Nicotiana Tabacum.

Casing and cavitation device is the key component of tobacco seeding transplanting and hole machine of well cellar,it is under the holding pressure and soil counterforce,and the cavitation device is in high speed rotation and vibration state,deformation and vibration are zhe factors that must be considered in design of mechanical structure. Through typical force analysis and calculation,using ANSYS to analyze its stress deformation and modal,get the maximum deformation and maximu stress,and the first 10 order modal analysis frequency cavitation of the cavitation device,which indicates that the device can meet the strength requirements and provide a reference for further optimizing the structure.

The design method and key technology for the digital management system of the cavitation machine for tobacco seedling transplanting are introduced. The development of the system realized the automation statistics and system analysis of the tobacco seedling transplanting, effectively solved the problem of manual counting accuracy and greatly improved the effi-ciency of the counting of the number of the transplanted seedlings.

The effects of different planting and fertilization patterns on yield,quality and nutrient utilization of flue-cured tobacco were studied by ten-year fixed test to provide the scientific basis for quality cultivation of flue-cured tobacco in Zunyi.The disease rate of flue-cured tobacco plants under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is minimum,but leaf yield and output value both are maximum,13.53% and 57.23% higher than the flue-cured rotation plus single chemical fertilizer application pattern respectively.N,P and K absorption amount of flue-cured tobacco plants under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is higher than the flue-cured rotation plus single chemical fertilizer application pattern significantly because of its biomass increase.The effective nutrient components in soil represent a single peak trend,accord with nutrient demand of flue-cured tobacco plants,which may be one of causes to suitably cultivate flue-cured tobacco.The nitrate nitrogen loss amount exceeds 98% nitrogen loss amount in groundwater runoff.N and K loss amount in groundwater runoff accounts for 19.18%~26.54% and 18.42% ~ 23.41% of fertilization amount respectively,which indicates that massive loss of N and K fertilized in soil results in fertilizer waste and water pollution.In addition,N and k loss amount under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is lower.In conclusion,the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern and fertilization technique should be used and improved in cultivation of flue-cured tobacco.

[目的]综合评价全国烤烟区试品系在遵义试点的适应性,为遵义烤烟新品种的选育及推广提供理论依据.[方法]采用灰色关联度分析法,对参加全国区试遵义试点的7个烤烟新品种和对照品种进行灰色关联度分析.[结果]参试品系中优于对照K326的有毕纳1号、YN116、LS-2和HB029,且等权关联度和加权关联度的分析结果较一致,均与品种的实际表现一致.[结论]毕纳1号和YN116表现最优,在遵义烟区有较好的发展潜力,应重点关注.

为筛选合理的LED红蓝光补光组合用于烤烟立体育苗,研究了6种组合对烟苗的影响并从中选择2种研究其对烟株田间生长及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:1)随蓝光比例增加光照强度增强;2)红蓝光比1:1、1:2、1:3和1:4处理的烟苗成苗率显著高于对照处理,所育烟苗干物质积累较多;补光处理烟苗叶绿素相对含量显著高于对照,而烟苗根系活力则显著低于对照。红蓝光比1:1和1:4处理烟苗根系活力明显强于其他红蓝光比组合;3)补光处理烟苗移栽入大田后在伸根期生长要比对照缓慢,但进入旺长期后则生长加速,进入成熟期已与对照处理无明显差异,烟叶经济性状和烟叶化学成分与对照处理无明显差异。综上,红蓝光比1:1和1:4两种组合均能满足立体育苗补光需要,且能提高育苗成苗率,提高烟苗叶片叶绿素含量,促进烟苗干物质积累。

The effects of light emitting diode (LED) lighting on seedling quality and energy cost in multilayer float system of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that the seedling stem height, stem diameter, leaf number, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and root activity increased with the increase of LED lights. The cost of power consumption increased significantly with the increase of LED lights. Compared with the control (24 full spectrum fluorescent lights), each 7.6 m2 area of multilayer floating system needed 30 to 40 LED tubes (each LED tube containing 144 LED lights), and the cost of power consumption reduced by 46.8%to 60.2%.

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the production adaptability of the tobacco seedlings cultivated by flue-cured tobacco intensive three-dimensional seedling.[Method] The tobacco seedlings cultivated by flue-cured tobacco intensive three-dimensional seedling were used to carry out the statistical analysis of tobacco seedling quality,different cultivation tests of three different cultivation technologies,and the statistical analysis of field agronomic traits after vegetative growth to explore their production adaptability.[Result] The quality of the seedlings cultivated by flue-cured tobacco intensive three-dimensional seedlings were weaker than that of the seedlings by tobacco floating seedling.The film mulching tobacco plantlet transplanting in well cellar(FMTPTIWC) was the best transplanting technology for the tobacco seedlings cultivated by flue-cured tobacco intensive three-dimensional seedling.The flue-cured tobacco intensive three-dimensional seedling was adapted to the tobacco production by FMTPTIWC.The FMTPTIWC was the best transplanting technology for weaker or minor seedlings of tobacco.[Conclusion] The study provides a necessary theoretical basis and technical support for promotion and use of flue-cured tobacco intensive three-dimensional seedling technology.

[Objective]In order to study the ecological adaptability of flue-cured tobacco new variety Guiyan No. 2 in Zunyi region. [Method]Taking K326 as the check variety,the growth period characters,agronomic traits,disease-resistant characters,economic characters,chemical component and smoking quality were analyzed. [Result]Guiyan No. 2 had stronger growth vigor,stronger disease resistance,more harmonious chemical components,better agronomic traits and economic characters,but the smoking quality of Guiyan No. 2 was the same as that of K326. [Conclusion]Guiyan No. 2 has good ecological adaptability in Zunyi region.

针对漂浮育苗技术实际应用中存在的问题,以漂浮育苗为对照,研究浅水湿润托盘育苗技术对苗盘温度及烟苗素质等的影响.结果表明,浅水湿润托盘育苗的苗盘温度变化利于烟苗生长,出苗率相当,根系发达,烟苗素质优于漂浮育苗,栽后还苗期较短.同时,浅水湿润托盘育苗需水量较少,较好解决了山区水源缺乏的矛盾.浅水湿润托盘育苗技术具有一定的应用空间.

[Objective] The aim was to study the adaptation,economic benefit,quality features and industrial applicability of flue-cured tobacco varieties meeting brand requirements of China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Limited Company. [Method]Under the specific ecological condition of Zunyi tobacco-growing base in Guizhou Province,the comparative test for flue-cured tobacco varieties Zunyan No. 6,Yunyan87, K326 and Nanjiang No. 3 was carried out. [Result]The results showed that Zunyan No. 6 and Nanjiang No. 3 had better agronomic characters,and higher yield and production value. The chemical compositions and smoking quality of K326,Yunyan87 and Zunyan No. 6 were better,which could meet the raw material demand of‘Shuangxi'brand cigarette by China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Limited Company. In general,Zunyan No 6 as one of major tobacco variety at the Zunyi base of Guangdong Tobacco Company,under the specific ecological condition of Zunyi tobacco-growing base in Guizhou province. [Conclusion]Zunyi No. 6 can be used as one of the key varieties of Zunyi tobaccogrowing base in Guizhou Province under the local special ecological condition.

Runoff collected from leakage tanks,rainfall by rain gauges,soils and maize plants were analyzed for nutrients in order to investigate the nutrient leaching and utilization by summer maize in tobacco cultivation areas in north Guizhou.The results showed that underground runoff increased with rainfall increased,and the ratio of underground runoff to rainfall was high in early growing stages of maize but decreased in the middle and late periods.Nutrient concentrations in rainfall followed in the sequence： Ammoniapotassiumnitratephosphorus.The variation coefficients of nutrient concentrations changed complexly as nutrient types and growing periods varied.Nitrogen input through rainfall into the soil accounted for 13.51% of maize absorption and potassium for 19.67%.The nutrient input through rainfall was thus important for maize nutrition.High nitrate,less potassium,lower ammonia and no phosphorus were detected in underground runoff.Nitrate varied greatly in contrast potassium which changed slightly in the underground runoff.Large amount of nitrogen and potassium removed from the soil through underground runoff,which took place mainly in the early growing periods of maize.The ratio of total nutrient input to output decreased slightly.There were no obvious variations in organic matter,total nutrient（nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium） and available phosphorus in the soil.And NaOH-hydrolized nitrogen and available potassium were lower in the soil after harvest than that before sowing.

Tobacco black root rot once resulting in great loss was a worldwide fungal disease. This paper gave a concise introduction on the outbreak of tobacco black root rot in our nation recent years, and the pathogenicbacteria, biological characteristics, infection and symptom of this disease, and then summarized the effects of soil habitat factors, included soil physi-chemical properties, soil nutrient status, root exudates and soil microorganism, on tobacco black root rot. At last, we raised some procedures, such as improving field management and cultivation strategies, reasonable fertilization and biocontrol, to ameliorate soil habitat and control the disease.