为明确遵义烟区近10年田间管理技术对植烟土壤养分的影响,以遵义中部烟区为例,运用反距离权重法对比分析了遵义市播州区、汇川区、新蒲新区2006年和2016年的植烟土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、缓效钾、速效钾、pH的变化.结果表明,遵义植烟土壤中不同养分含量变化具有差异性,表现在土壤缓效钾和速效钾含量分别增加了36.43％和57.25％;土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、pH分别下降了23.17％、18.62％、16.78％、49.88％、0.52.在空间分布上,分别有87.2％、81.1％、90％、93.5％、80.0％的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、pH呈下降趋势;分别有84.2％、90.2％的土壤缓效钾、速效钾呈增加趋势.养分空间分布的变化规律表征遵义烟区田间施肥和管理技术较为统一;同时显示,遵义烟区应增加有机肥和磷的施用量,维持氮总量,减少无机氮和钾的施用量并根据区域状况进行合理配方施肥.

为解析烟叶钾含量及其杂种优势在不同供钾水平下的差异及形成机制,对6个烟草品种及其杂交组合进行不同供钾水平处理,分析了供钾水平对烟叶钾含量及其杂种优势表现和钾代谢相关基因表达的影响.结果表明,随着外界施钾量的增加,各品种(组合)的钾含量也随之升高,在土壤中施用0.87 g·kg-1硫酸钾时,能显著提高烟叶的钾含量,提高23.89％～158.52％.以H 80 A为母本的3个杂交组合和以马里兰烟为父本的3个杂交组合分别在不施钾和施用0.58 g·kg-1钾时表现出不同程度的钾含量性状超亲优势现象,其中H 80 A×青梗超亲优势率最高,为35.23％,其次为H 80 A×湄潭大蛮烟,为13.70％.钾代谢相关基因在不同品种及杂交组合中差异表达,其中NKT1和NTORK1的表达随着施钾量的升高对钾含量的直接影响作用逐渐增大;NtTPK1和NTORK1的表达分别在K0和K2水平下与钾含量性状杂种优势表现一致,推测NtTPK1和NTORK1的表达可能与钾含量及其杂种优势的形成有关.

结合贵州山区烤烟作业的实际情况,设计了一种起垄成形装置,使其作为起垄施肥机的一部分,且能根据不同的农艺要求调节起垄高度、起垄宽度、起垄横截面形状等参数.田间试验表明:垄高、垄底宽、垄顶宽和垄距的稳定性系数都在95%以上,起垄垄形一致性为99.6%.该起垄成形装置不仅提高了工作效率,且能满足烤烟种植的农艺要求.

为使深施肥机达到目标耕深合格率和碎土率,利用深施肥机试验台,以旋耕刀类型、旋耕速比、刀辊直径为因素,以耕深合格率和碎土率为评价指标,进行三因素三水平正交试验,并设置一列误差列.试验结果表明:影响根深合格率的主次因素为刀辊直径、旋耕速比、旋耕刀类型;影响碎土率的主次因素为旋耕速比、弯刀、刀辊直径.综合考虑各因素对耕深合格率和碎土率的影响程度,得出最优组合方案:旋耕刀类型选用旋耕弯刀,旋耕速比为8.1,刀辊直径为26cm.本研究为贵州烟草农业机械的改进设计提供了参考依据.

Guiyan 202 is a new tobacco variety that aimed to balance yield with quality. It is a first generation male sterile hybrid that was bred by crossing the female parent MSGDH88, a self-bred line from anther culture, with the male parent Val16. The new variety was certified by the National Tobacco Variety Approval Committee in April, 2015. The Results from experiments and demonstration for multiple years indicated that the new variety showed a vigorous growth potential and uniformity in the field with well developed upper leaves. The main economic characters of the new variety planted in the suitable regions were obviously batter than those of the control K326. It showed resistance to black shank and weather fleck. The appearance quality and physical properties of the new variety were superior to the control. There was no significant difference between the chemical composition of Guiyan 202 and the control. The sensory properties of the new variety were slightly better than those of the control. It is a good tobacco variety balancing quality with yield and performed well in general, suitable for planting in most tobacco-growing areas in Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing and Shannxi.

以遵义县团溪站三星收购线烤烟生产情况为例,通过随机分层抽取不同种植规模烟农进行问卷调查,对其烟叶生产及收益情况进行分析,得出该片区的烤烟种植的经济效益,分析不同种植规模烟农的生产效益差异,得出该片区烟叶种植规模以1 ～2 hm2为佳.为提高烟农的种植收益,稳定烟叶生产,可适当提高烤烟收购价格,加强土地流转,提高烟农种植技术水平.

Casing and cavitation device is the key component of tobacco seeding transplanting and hole machine of well cellar,it is under the holding pressure and soil counterforce,and the cavitation device is in high speed rotation and vibration state,deformation and vibration are zhe factors that must be considered in design of mechanical structure. Through typical force analysis and calculation,using ANSYS to analyze its stress deformation and modal,get the maximum deformation and maximu stress,and the first 10 order modal analysis frequency cavitation of the cavitation device,which indicates that the device can meet the strength requirements and provide a reference for further optimizing the structure.

This paper takes the xanthan mutant of flue-cured tobacco and the yellow ones of K326 which obtained by means of backcross breeding as the experimental materials .Then the pigment content ,agro-nomic traits ,photosynthetic characteristics of the transplanting seedlings of the two materials were studied respectively .The results suggest that the photosynthetic pigment in the xanthan mutant of flue-cured to-bacco and the yellow ones of K326 are only 45% of the normal control ,but their net photosynthesis effi-ciency are about 89% of the control ,w hich show s that the pigment content have not significantly relation-ship with photosynthetic efficiency .In addition ,both the two materials have the higher light saturation point ,and they have stronger light energy utilization under high intensive light .All of the two materials'agronomic characters are better than the control except the leaf thickness ,and the difference of the three's dry matter accumulation is not significant .

To make blended cigarettesto transferfrom original physical mixturetochemical mixture,by usingNC II design, 25 crosses were acquired from 9 tobacco varieties (lines) and a burley tobacco variety TN90, and in which theneutral aroma of tobacco combining ability were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic characteristics of the three main flavoring substances affecting the tobacco flavor style mainly controlled by non-additive gene effects.Through comprehensive performance in the parent material ofgeneralcombiningability(GCA)effect by neutral aroma components,theVa116, Honghuadajinyuanwereideal parent;for the comprehensive neutral aroma components in various combinationsbyspecific combining ability(SCA)performance,theideal combination include:NC82 × Honghuadajinyuan, NC2326 × TN90,andVa116 × GDH88, G140 × TN90.

We studied F1 heterosis of some traits of 15 flue-cured tobacco varieties and self-bred germplasm GDH88. The results showed that both F1 agronomic characters and chlorophyll content appeared heterosis, particularly in the leaf length and width. Further studies showed that F1 heterosis mainly came from GDH88. Incomplete diallel cross trial indicated that GDH88 had good general combining ability, which demonstrated that GDH88 was excellent parent material for tobacco breeding.

对不同烟草类型烟叶中质体色素和主要化学成分含量进行了差异分析。结果表明:不同烟草类型烟叶中质体色素含量差异极显著;从总叶绿素含量来看,以永胜晒烟含量最高,为1.762 8 mg/g,TN90最低,为0.763 3 mg/g;不同烟草类型烟叶的主要化学成分含量及其比例存在广泛变异,施木克值变异系数最大,为96.21%;烤烟品种烟叶中总糖和还原糖含量最高,总氮含量相对较低,氮碱比和糖碱比最为适宜;巴斯玛的总糖、还原糖含量稍低于烤烟类型,糖碱比最高;其他晾晒烟均表现出高氮低糖的特点。

9 tobacco varieties(lines) and a burley tobacco variety TN90 were used to acquire 25 crosses by NC II design method and in which the combining ability of the three main flavoring substances affecting the tobacco flavor style were analyzed.The results showed that the genetic characteristics of the three main flavoring substances affecting the tobacco flavor style mainly controlled by non-additive gene effects.When the breeding goal was to improve the Luzhou-flavor style of tobacco,Honghuadajinyuan,Gexin-3 were the ideal parents;When the breeding goal was to improve the faint scent style of tobacco,G80,GDH88 were the ideal parents.When the objective was to breed Luzhou-style tobacco variety,the ideal combinations included NC2326×GDH88,Va116×GDH88 and G140×TN90;When the objective was to breed faint scent of tobacco style variety,the ideal combinations included NC82 ×G80,NC82×TN90 and NC2326×TN90.

The inhibition effect of different PVP and citric acid concentration on browning of tobacco calli was studied to solve the browning problem in subculture of tobacco calli.The results showed that the browning rate of tobacco calli treated with 2g/L PVP and 8mg/L citric acid was 35% and 25% respectively.Therefore,8 mg/L citric acid can be used in subculture of tobacco calli to inhibit browning of tobacco explants effectively.

In order to screen out the suitable varieties of unique style flue-cured tobacco for China Tobacco Guizhou cigarette brands and enhance adaptation of the base unit leaf characteristics and cigarette brands,the author studied agronomic traits,disease resistance,economic traits and intrinsic quality of 10 cultivars(lines).The results showed that in the test base the economic traits of Nanjiang 3 and Yunyan 87 were better than the other eight cultivars(lines),the chemical quality of Honghuadajinyuan,GY8,GY0802,Yunyan 87 and Guiyan 4 was better than other five cultivars(lines),their intrinsic quality conformed to the cigarette raw materials quality needs of China Tobacco Guizhou,at the same time,Yunyan 87 could meet the sweet flavor style tobacco needs of China Tobacco Guizhou and the needs of planting-effectiveness of tobacco farmers.

Heterosis is one of the important approaches to increase tobacco yield and improve tobacco quality,and combining ability breeding is one of the main breeding methods for utilization of heterosis.Using NCⅡ mating Design with 9 of flue-cured tobacco varieties and a Burley(TN90) 5×5,which investigated hybrid of 10 parents and 25 F1 main character combining ability and heritability analysis,and expanded hybrid combination of parental choice.It provided the basis for flue-cured tobacco crossbreeding the correct selection of the parent.

Four factors and three level L9(34) orthogonal design,including maize planting density,hot pepper planting density,pruning branches of hot pepper and leaves of maize and trace element fertilizer(boron and zinc),were used to elucidate the effects of main cultivation measures on the yield of corn intercropped with hot pepper in the present investigation.A mathematical model had been established,and the optimized cultivation program,which selected via computer simulation,was A1B3C2D2,suggesting a density of 1600 plants / 667m2(60cm × 35cm) for maize and 3100 plants / 667m2(50cm×25cm) for pepper.Additionally,pruning of pepper branches,and spraying of 0.2% zinc sulfate solution were also carried out.

通过特色烤烟品种筛选实验得出,品种Va116、贵烟4号和GY8在产量,产值、均价等方面高于对照云烟87和其他品种,有利于烟农增收,是适宜于在大方县种植的烤烟品种.

The varieties comparison experiment of characteristic flue-cured tabacco were conducted in Shuicheng County of Guizhou Province,the results showed that comprehensive performance of the variety Honghuadajinyuan 2 was better than other varieties in economic traits and inner qualities,followed by varieties GY0903、GY8,the three varieties were adaptable to be extended in Shuicheng County.

Heterosis is one of the important approaches to increase tobacco yield and improve tobacco quality,and combining ability breeding is one of the main breeding methods for utilization of heterosis.To quickly and accurately predict the heterosis of F1 and to promote selecting good hybrid combinations with strong advantages,using NCⅡ genetic design method to analysis of combining ability of 24 hybrid combinations,which were crossed by four self-breeding tobacco double haploid lines(DH-line) GDH84,GDH88,GDH64 and GDH02 and six foreign introduced tobacco varieties K326,Va116,NC82,G-28,K730 and Coker147.The combining ability effects of some main characters of the 10 parents and 24 F1 were discussed to select the ideal combinations of parents and strong advantage and to provide references for correct selecting parents for hybrid breeding of tobacco.