【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of various mulching films on agronomic traits, yield, economic value, and volatile metabolites of flue-cured tobacco variety 'Yueyan 97', providing theoretical basis for the precise selection of mulching films in Nanxiong tobacco-growing areas.【Method】The dominant flue-cured tobacco cultivar 'Yueyan 97' widely cultivated in Guangdong tobacco-growing regions was used as the experimental material. Four mulching film treatments were established, including black-transparent film (BW, transparent in the middle with black edges), fully transparent film (W), silver-transparent film (YGW, transparent in the middle with silver edges), and pure silver film (YG). The application effects were comprehensively evaluated by measuring agronomic traits at maturity, grading yield and value, and analyzing volatile components in tobacco leaves.【Result】In terms of agronomic traits, plant height of the W treatment was significantly higher than that of YG, and the maximum leaf length in the BW treatment was significantly lower than YG. There were no significant differences in the number of effective leaves and maximum leaf width among the four mulch treatments. The YG treatment possessed the optimal position of the maximum leaf and the most uniform population growth. In terms of yield and output value, YG had the highest proportion of upper leaves, yield and output value, while treatment W presented the worst comprehensive production performance. A total of 89 volatile compounds from eight chemical groups were identified by GC-MS. The range of relative content of esters was 16.630%, which was affected most obviously by mulch types, whereas alkenes showed the weakest response. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that YG and W shared similar metabolic profiles, while BW and YGW formed separate clusters. The contents of core aroma substances including esters, trans, trans-farnesol and α-ionone in BW tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those of other treatments, with the lowest concentration of harmful myosmine. Geraniol also reached the highest level under BW treatment, with no significant difference compared with the YGW treatment. Treatment YG accumulated high levels of alcohols and dihydroactinidiolide, but its characteristic aroma components were relatively low and the myosmine content was higher. The W and YGW treatments had certain advantages in ketone accumulation without prominent comprehensive performance.【Conclusion】Comprehensively considering agronomic performance, economic output and aroma quality, BW treatment slightly reduced the maximum leaf length but significantly elevated the contents of aroma compounds and decreased harmful components in tobacco leaves, making it the optimal mulch film for high-quality flue-cured tobacco production in Nanxiong tobacco-growing areas. The YG mulch film is suitable for tobacco cultivation targeting stable plant growth and high accumulation of alcohol compounds, while W and YGW treatments show no obvious comprehensive advantages.

Although the transcriptional regulators of photosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis have been extensively studied, whether common genes affect both processes in Nicotiana species remains largely unknown. We characterized Nicotiana tabacum Photosynthesis Negative Regulation Factor 1 (NtPNRF1) as a novel gene that affects both photosynthetic efficiency and flavonoid biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (Mut) and gene overexpression (OE) lines were generated for NtPNRF1. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to identify pathway associations, which were validated through photosynthetic parameter quantification using a LI-6400XT system and flavonoid profiling via spectrophotometry. Transcriptome KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that both the overexpression and knockout of NtPNRF1 primarily affected photosynthesis and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Metabolomic analysis indicated that NtPNRF1 was associated with flavonoid synthesis. Based on these findings, the photosynthetic rates of the wild type (WT), OE, and Mut lines were measured. The results showed that overexpressing NtPNRF1 resulted in a reduced photosynthetic rate, whereas knockout resulted in the opposite effect, suggesting that NtPNRF1 negatively regulated photosynthesis. Additionally, the total flavonoid content and 18 detectable flavonoid components were reduced in both knockout and overexpression lines, indicating that NtPNRF1 was involved in a complex flavonoid synthesis pathway. Expression analysis showed that both the gene knockout and overexpression of NtPNRF1 significantly affected the expression of the NtDFR, NtCHI, and NtFLS genes. Our results not only provided genetic resources for tobacco breeding aimed at enhancing light efficiency and quality but also established a framework for analyzing the functions of unknown genes.

烟叶质量是包含外观质量、评吸质量、化学成分、安全性、物理质量的综合性概念,由于烟叶质量会随着时间、地点、人们消费习惯的改变而变化,因此有人说它是一个动态的、相对性的术语.文章对烟叶外观、评吸质量特征与化学成分三者间的相互关系进行了总结,为构建科学的烟叶质量综合评价体系提供了参考.

为了明确烤烟不同施肥方式的应用效果,本文以烤烟品种粤烟97为材料,设计基肥穴施、 中间条施、 双侧条施和不施肥等4种施肥方式处理,研究施肥方式对烤烟根系生长和烟叶产量、 品质的影响.结果表明,与不施肥相比,3种施肥方式均不同程度促进了不同生育期的烟株和根系生长.其中,中间条施显著提高了大田烟株旺长前期的株高,平均提高7.4 cm;与穴施相比,中间条施和双侧条施显著增加烟株叶组织和整株干物质积累;中间条施烟株根系区域内根长、 根重皆显著大于穴施,其中根长是基肥穴施的4倍,而根重是基肥穴施的9倍多;与穴施相比,中间条施原烟的均价增加2.35元·kg-1,每667 m2产值增加600.27元,中上等烟比例增加7.24百分点,而双侧条施处理则对原烟的各经济性状无显著影响.本研究表明,中间条施的施肥方式主要是通过改善烟株根系生长发育环境,协同促进烟株地上、 地下部生长发育,最终改善烟叶品质和经济效益.

A large amount of industrial and agricultural wastes are generated in the tobacco industry, such as tobacco steams, tobacco stalks, and tobacco leaves. How to increase the economic added value of industrial and agricultural wastes is an important issue. It is a promising value-added way that these biological wastes are recycled into carbon materials with excellent electrochemical properties. Herein, biochar were prepared from tobacco waste biomass (mainly tobacco stems, tobacco stalks and tobacco leaves) through one-step carbonization. The as-obtained biochar exhibited high specific capacitance of 305.92 F·g −1 (tobacco stems), 328.07 F·g −1 (tobacco stalks), and 272.48 F·g −1 (tobacco leaves) at 1 A·g −1 , when tested in a three-electrode system with 6 M KOH electrolyte. This study highlights the possibility of reusing tobacco waste to produce low-cost, green and high-performance carbon-based electrode materials for sustainable electrochemical energy storage systems.

At present, the harmlessness and resource treatment of tobacco waste is still a major problem in the tobacco industry. The application of tobacco waste into fertilizer can not only solve the problem of tobacco waste treatment, but also improve the production of crops by using the organic matter and inorganic nutrients in tobacco. It was described the current status of the application of tobacco waste in fertilizers at home and abroad in this article, to clarify the main treatment processes, advantages and disadvantages and existing problems of tobacco waste fertilizer, in order to use tobacco waste more efficiently and environmentally to realize sustainable development of the tobacco industry in China.

文章探讨不同施肥水平对烤烟干物质累积及养分含量积累分配的影响,旨在为发挥其产量潜力和优化施肥管理提供科学依据.采用田间试验设置4个肥力水平(不施肥、低肥水平、中肥水平、高肥水平),研究烤烟根、茎、叶3个部位干物质及氮、磷、钾积累含量的变化及分配特点.结果表明:(1)烟株的干物质积累量随着生育进程呈增加趋势,至圆顶期时,叶片干物质、磷和钾积累量各施肥处理间无显著差异.(2)随着施肥水平的提高,烟株对氮、钾的利用率呈下降趋势,其中高肥水平处理显著低于低肥水平处理.在本试验条件下,烤烟产量(干物质积累)的提升难以靠增加施肥量来解决,在实践中,推荐以中肥水平150.0 kg/hm2(N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.0∶0.8∶2.0)进行施肥.

A large amount of tobacco straw residues is produced around the world every year. These tobacco straw residues are usually incinerated or landfilled directly, which cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to find a green way to recycle these tobacco straw residues. Converting tobacco straw residues into biomass carbon materials for supercapacitor electrode materials is an appropriate way. In this study, tobacco straw core carbon (TSC) was obtained from tobacco straw core waste, which was carbonized directly in the tube furnace without N2. The tobacco straw core carbon had a higher specific surface area because of the self-activation of the H2O and CO2 in the carbonization. A variety of analytical instruments were used to characterize the prepared porous carbon. Herein, this work can provide new ideas for energy materials, and solve the problem of the disposal of tobacco straw residues. What’s more, it also can provide a sustainable development opportunity for tobacco farmers to alleviate poverty, dig potential and transform.

[目的]探究不同氮素水平对烟株根系发育及地上部氮素积累与分配的影响.[方法]试验设置3个氮素水平:HNL(N 8 g/株)、MNL(N 6 g/株)、LNL(N 4 g/株),分析不同时期烟株根系结构、生理指标、空间分布及其地上部干物质与氮素积累变化情况,与氮素利用差异.[结果]与HNL相比,LNL显著提高了根系活力与活跃吸收面积,不定根数量增加了15.2条,一级侧根与不定根的平均长度提高了10 cm、6.6 cm,不定根与一级侧根平均直径与干重降低.降低施氮水平,根系20～50 cm土层的根长密度与根干重增加,现蕾期LNL根干重占比较HNL提高了8.32 g.LNL抑制了烤烟地上部生长,HNL成熟期地上部干物质积累量与氮素积累量显著增加,提高了29.30％、49.06％,但与MNL差异不显著.[结论]烟株氮素少量缺乏,烟株通过调节根系形态结构,增加不定根数量,提高了根系氮素吸收能力,对烟株地上部发育影响不显著,生产上可以通过改变施肥方式与施肥时间,达到降低氮肥使用量的目的.

It is well known improper disposal of tobacco stalks as waste can cause great pollution to farmland and the environment. In this paper, tobacco-stalk-core-based activated carbon was successfully synthesized by pre-carbonization and ZnCl2 activation. The influences of different activator ratios on the microstructure and the electrochemical performance of the activated carbon were systematically investigated. The results showed that while the ratio of the activator to the precursor of carbon was 2:1, the specific capacitance was high to 342.0 F·g-1 at 1 A·g-1 current density. To sum up, an as-prepared carbon material with high capacitance could be obtained by tobacco stalks core. ZnCl2 is an effective activator for the reuse of tobacco stalk, and it provides a new way of technology for synthesizing tobacco waste recycling resources.

In order to objectively analyze and evaluate the usability of flue-cured tobacco chemical constituents in the Guangdong tobacco-growing area, an evaluation system of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco was constructed by adopting fuzzy mathematics, multiple statistics and others with C3F flue-cured tobacco samples collected from 8 major producing counties in the Guangdong tobacco-growing area from 2013 to 2017. The time and regional characteristics of chemical components in the leaves of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed, and the usability of tobacco chemical components was evaluated. The results showed that in the recent 5 years, the contents of total sugar (25.09%), reducing sugar (21.83%), chloride ion (0.25%), the sugar nicotine ratio (8.52) and nitrogen nicotine ratio (0.69) in middle leaves were relatively low. The chemical composition usability of tobacco leaves of"moderate" and above accounted for 85.00%. There were significant differences in total nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium ion content, sugar nicotine ratio and nitrogen nicotine ratio in tobacco leaves between years and the regions, but there was no significant difference in the usability of chemical components in tobacco leaves between producing areas. According to chemical composition, there are three types of flue-cured tobacco in the Guangdong tobacco-growing area, each of which is relatively concentrated in the same ecological area respectively.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the present situation and evolution characteristics of soil available phosphorus in Guangdong tobacco-growing areas. The content of available phosphorus in different production areas and different types of soil in 2000 and 2012 were determined by comparative analysis. The results showed that the average content of available phosphorus in soil was 44.92 mg/kg in Guangdong tobacco-growing areas, it was at the "surplus" level as a whole, with 31.75% and 13.02% of soil available phosphorus content at the levels of "surplus" and "deficiency", respectively. The soil available phosphorus contents in Shaoguan, Meizhou and Qingyuan areas were 29.03, 122.61 and 22.61 mg/kg, respectively, in which Shaoguan and Qingyuan areas were at the "rich" level, Meizhou production area was at the high "surplus" level. The average soil available phosphorus contents in purple soil, beef live field and sand mud field was 15.43, 31.95 and 74.34 mg/kg, at the "moderate", "rich" and "surplus" levels, respectively. During the 12 years (2000-2012), the soil available phosphorus contents in the whole province, and in Shaoguan and Meizhou tobacco-growing areas were increased by 3.89, 10.64 and 97.27 mg/kg respectively. For the different soil types, that of purple soil, beef live field and sand mud field were increased by 5.53, 12.19 and 46.97 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the soil phosphorus management in Guangdong tobacco-growing areas was recommended as the following: to apply phosphorus fertilizer every other year in Meizhou tobacco-growing areas and in sand mud field, to reduce phosphate fertilization by half in beef live field, and to apply phosphate fertilizer normally in other types of soil, which could promote the sustainable development of high-quality tobacco leaf production and protect the ecological environment of the tobacco-growing areas.

[目的]探寻生物有机肥在广东烟草中进行大面积推广和应用的合理施用量.[方法]利用已分离的有益微生物菌株(Azotobacter sp.x34,Bacillus sp.jb21,Rubrivivax gelatinosus sbg11)与有机物发酵配制而成的生物有机肥,通过大田试验,研究不同生物有机肥施用量对烟草植株的生长、叶片光合色素含量、叶片酶活性和烟叶烤后产量产值的影响.[结果]在大田条件下,不同施用量的生物有机肥均可显著提高烟草的株高、茎围、叶长和叶面积,提高烟草质体色素含量和代谢酶活性,也可不同程度地提高上等烟叶的比例、烟叶产量和产值,其中T3处理(每株烟草基肥和追肥分别施用生物有机肥20 g)显著促进烟草生长,株高最大提高44.53％,产量提高29.67％,产值提高18.87％.[结论]中用量菌肥即每株烟草基肥和追肥分别施用生物有机肥20 g,对烟草产量和品质的提高效果更明显,可作为此生物有机肥的推荐用量.

研究性诱剂对斜纹夜蛾的诱捕和防治效果,为烟田大面积应用性诱剂防治斜纹夜蛾提供科学依据.在烤烟生长季节设置诱捕器,通过田间试验,研究了不同密度、改进型和自制塑料瓶诱捕器处理对烤烟斜纹夜蛾的防控效果,并分析了斜纹夜蛾在烤烟田间发生的时间动态.结果 表明,斜纹夜蛾在当地烤烟生长期内有2次迁飞高峰期;随着诱捕器密度的增加,单位面积的诱蛾量增加,单诱捕器的诱蛾量减少,虫口减退率提高,最高可达89.19％;改进型诱捕器可显著提高诱芯的诱捕效率,平均每个诱捕器诱蛾量为173.67头,比常规诱捕器多57.34头,差异达显著水平(P＜0.05);容积为4500mL自制诱捕器诱蛾效果最好,平均诱蛾量达82.33头/个.对于广东烟区大面积推广时,推荐使用改进型诱捕器,烟田以放置7.5个/hm2诱捕器为宜,并且鼓励烟农采用4500mL废弃塑料瓶自制诱捕器.利用性诱技术可有效控制烟草斜纹夜蛾,减少农药使用量,降低农药残留,可将其纳入烟草斜纹夜蛾的绿色防治技术体系之中.

为克服土壤退化,提高烟叶品质,利用土壤有益微生物菌群与有机物发酵技术,配制成两种生物菌肥,通过盆栽试验,研究两种菌肥对烟草品质和植烟土壤的影响.结果显示,施用烟草专用复合肥+菌肥A的组合施肥效果最佳,该施肥处理在整个烟草生育期内叶面积大,硝酸还原酶活性高,在成熟期明显降低了烟叶中蛋白质的含量,改善了烟叶品质.菌肥A施用总体效果优于菌肥B,菌肥A对烟草团棵期和成熟期叶部干物质积累具有促进作用.两种菌肥都能提高烟草生育后期游离脯氨酸的积累、成熟期色素、以及根、茎、叶中钾含量.

Thirteen nutrient indices of 534 soil samples from six base units,three major soil types in Guangdong Nanxiong tobacco growing areas were determined and soil fertility limiting factors were analyzed.The principal component analysis method was used in determining the weights of the indices of soil nutrients.A comprehensive evaluation was conducted by estimating the soil fertility comprehensive index of scalar values (IFI).The results showed that: (1) The purple soil showed a weak alkaline reaction,and the Niugantu soil was neutral,and the Shanitu soil showed a strong acid reaction; (2) The contents of available nitrogen and organic matter in Niugantu and Shanitu soil were higher,and those in purple soil were generally low; The content of available potassium in purple soil and Niugantu soil was higher,and the content of potassium in Shanitu soil was deficient; All 3 of soil types were rich in available phosphorus; (3) The three major soil types were lack of boron,copper,zinc and chlorine in various degrees,and rich in manganese; There is a lack of iron element in purple soil,and lack of calcium and magnesium in Shanitu soil; (4) The average integrated fertility index (IFI) of the three soil types was 0.577 with a variation coefficient of 19.25%.Xiongzhou (IFI =0.641) and Wujing (IFI =0.655) base units showed higher soil integrated fertility indices while the other base units had "medium" IFI (0.6 > IFI > 0.5); (5) The IFI of Niugantu soil fertility (0.649) was higher while that of Shanitu soil (0.574) and purple soil (0.495) were lower.

Through the field re-experiment, in the case of high soil fertility level, this study verified the effects of high efficient photosynthetic bacteria inoculants on tomato quality and soil fertility. The experimental results showed that significant increas was observed in the height and diameter of tomato plant, the content of lycopene, sugar-acid ratio,soluble sugar, vitamin C and soluble solids of tomato fruit with photosynthetic bacterial inoculants. Photosynthetic bacterial could effectively adjust soil p H, promote plant for the use of available potassium in the soil, improve the content of organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus. As an environmental friendly fertilizer, this study confirms the promise of photosynthetic bacterial inoculants on crop production and soil fertilization, provides a scientific basis for planting tomato, in order to achieve the purpose of production, income and improve the quality of tomato.

A pepper field experiment was conducted for applying photosynthetic bacteria in relatively poor-fertility soil to study the effects on pepper growth and soil microbial activity. The results showed that fertility level was an important factor affecting the pepper growth, the photosynthetic bacteria could significantly improve nitrogen content in leaves to get heavier and fuller fruits, and plants with best growth at harveat timeof. During the whole growth period, soil treated by photosynthetic bacteria kept the highest soil microbial activity. Thus, on the basis of the fertility supplement, photosynthetic bacteria can improve soil microenvironment of poor soil,promote pepper plant growth and fruit development,showing considerable application prospects.

[Objective]To verify the effect of high efficient photosynthetic bacterial inoculant on tomato quality and effects on soil fertility .[Method]Three treatments and one control , three repeats , a total of 12 random field trials were designed .Effects of photosynthetic bacterial inoculant on tomato quality , soil fertility and soil microbial characteristics were studied by field trial .[Result and conclusion] The results showed that significant increases were observed in the height and diameter , the fresh mass and dry mass of tomato plant, the content of chlorophyll , lycopene and vitamin C, but there were no remarkable effects on sugar of tomato fruit with photosynthetic bacterial inoculant .Photosynthetic bacterial inoculant reduced pH of soil tending to be neutral .Available potassium in the soil significantly reduced , while available phosphorus significantly increased .There were only slight effects on organic matter and available nitrogen in the soil .Photosynthetic bacterial inoculant could strengthen soil basal respiration and affect the number of the main microorganisms in the soil , which was presented by the number of fungi in the soil , while the number of bacteria and actinomyces in the soil increased evidently .As an environmental-friendly fertiliz-er , this study confirms the promise of photosynthetic bacterial inoculants on crop production and soil ferti -lization.

Photosynthetic bacteria sbg11 was isolated from the paddy soil of South China Agricultural University through enrichment culture,isolation and screening.The experiment optimized culture conditions and determined application effect of sbg11 on lettue.The results showed that sodium acetate and soybean meal were the best source.The initial fermentation conditions were pH 7.0,temperature of 30℃ and inoculum of 10%.Photoautotrophic bacteria sbg11 could improve the content of N,P,K,Vc and the activity of Nitrate reductase of lettuce,while had only slight effect on yield and sugar content.