Introduction The Chinese medicine, Kanglao concoction has been used clinically to treat tuberculosis. However, its constituents and anti-inflammatory activity have not been fully understood.Methods In this study, HPLC-MS2 has been employed to determine the main constituents in the concoction. The anti-inflammatory activity has been investigated by ELISA and Western Blot techniques.Results The MS analysis revealed that tigogenin and afzelin were two main constituents in Kanglao concoction. Moreover, the result of ELISA experiments showed that Kanglao concoction significantly reduced the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta at 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL to inhibit inflammation.Conclusion The expression of Notch pathway-related proteins in A549 cells increased under the stimulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and decreased dose-dependently upon the treatment of Kanglao concoction, which was deduced to inhibit Notch pathway expression to impose anti-inflammatory activity.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the distribution and drug resistance of clinically isolated Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) strains in Lishui City, and to provide a basis for the development of NTM disease prevention and control strategies in the region. Methodology: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using NTM-positive clinical specimens collected from patients at a sentinel tuberculosis hospital in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, China, between January 2023 and December 2024. The isolated NTM strains were identified using a gene chip–based method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the microbroth dilution method. Statistical analyses were applied to evaluate the isolation rate, species distribution, and drug-resistance patterns of the strains. Results: The isolation rate of NTM among clinical patients at the sentinel hospital was 18.09% (157/868); The rate was significantly higher in women (26.97%, 72/267) than in men (14.14%, 85/601) (χ2 trend = 20.518, p < 0.001); Nine common NTM species were identified, with Mycobacterium intracellulare being the most prevalent (68.79%, 108/157), followed by Mycobacterium avium (11.46%, 18/157) and Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus (8.28%, 13/157). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates to several drugs, including imipenem (94.27%, 148/157), doxycycline (94.27%, 148/157), rifampicin (91.72%, 144/157), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (91.08%, 143/157), meropenem (89.81%, 141/157), cefoxitin (87.90%, 138/157), minocycline (85.99%, 135/157), and ciprofloxacin (85.99%, 135/157). Species-specific differences in resistance patterns were observed. Conclusions: The distribution of clinically isolated NTM strains in Lishui City was dominated by Mycobacterium intracellular, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus. These isolates demonstrated high levels of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents, highlighting the need for improved treatment and control strategies.

In this study, we aimed to identify independent nutritional–inflammatory risk factors for adverse treatment outcomes, and develop a multivariate prediction model. A single-center retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 526 elderly inpatients aged 60–90 years with rifampicin-susceptible PTB admitted between July 2021 and December 2024. Baseline demographic and nutritional data (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 [NRS-2002]), as well as routine peripheral inflammatory indicator data, were collected. Therapeutic outcomes were dichotomized into treatment success (cured/completed treatment, n = 472) and adverse outcomes (treatment failure/all-cause death, n = 54). Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were performed to determine independent predictors of adverse treatment outcomes. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and DeLong pairwise tests facilitated the comparison of the predictive performance of the combined model. In addition, double internal validation was performed using bootstrap self-calibration and stratified 10-fold cross-validation. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that NRS-2002 nutritional risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.147, 95

Background: Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) constitutes a substantial global public health burden, yet its overall research landscape has not been systematically quantified. This bibliometric study characterizes global research trends and the knowledge architecture of PTLD publications issued between 2015 and 2025. Methods: We retrieved PTLD-related literature from the Web of Science Core Collection using search terms including “post-tuberculosis lung disease” and “tuberculosis sequelae”. Only English original articles were retained, yielding a final dataset of 353 publications. We adopted VOSviewer, CiteSpace and the Bibliometrix R package to visualize annual publication outputs, cross-country and institutional collaborations, author co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence patterns, and citation burst dynamics. Results: Annual publications rose from 13 in 2015 to 67 in 2025, with 71.4% of all papers published from 2021 to 2025. The five most productive nations were the United States (72 papers), India (61), China (51), the United Kingdom (49), and South Africa (38). The US and UK occupied core hub positions in international collaboration networks. Leading institutions included Stellenbosch University (20 articles), the University of Cape Town (14), and the University of Liverpool/Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (10). Keyword co-occurrence clustering identified eight thematic groups, with dominant hotspots covering post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis, pulmonary function impairment, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and quality of life. The keywords with the strongest recent citation bursts were “post-tuberculosis lung disease” (strength = 3.79), “prevalence” (3.70), and “quality of life” (2.51). Research frontiers extending to 2025 center on standardized PTLD conceptual framing, pulmonary rehabilitation, and long-term clinical outcome assessment. Conclusions: PTLD research has shifted from merely describing structural lung damage toward standardized disease definitions, functional pulmonary testing, complication management, and patient quality-of-life improvement. Future research priorities should include prospective multicenter cohort studies, individualized pulmonary rehabilitation programs, and host-directed therapies to mitigate the global burden of chronic PTLD. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement Yes ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: Not applicable. This is a bibliometric analysis based on publicly available data from the Web of Science Core Collection. No human participants, animal subjects, or personal data were involved, so no ethical approval was required. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All datasets analyzed in this study were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database (https://www.webofscience.com). The complete search protocol, raw exported datasets, and analysis scripts can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

This study aimed to characterize comorbidity distribution patterns and assess their clinical impact on therapeutic effectiveness in elderly pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, establishing an evidence base for risk-stratified clinical decision-making. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1,340 hospitalized PTB patients (aged ≥ 60 years) from January 2020 to January 2024. Demographic characteristics, comorbidity data, and treatment outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. Patients were categorized into treatment success (n = 1,105) and adverse outcome (n = 235) groups according to WHO criteria. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline confounders, followed by multivariate logistic regression to evaluate associations between comorbidities and adverse outcomes. Comorbidities were prevalent in 81.64

Objective:To systematically analyze clinical features and imaging characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) patients in a tuberculosis specialty setting, establishing diagnostic and management references. Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 204 NTM-PD cases admitted to our tuberculosis department from January 2018 to December 2023, evaluating clinical manifestations, mycobacterial speciation, and radiological patterns. Results:The cohort comprised 118 males and 86 females (mean age 65.34 ± 13.23 years), predominantly rural residents (63.24%). Common comorbidities included previous pulmonary tuberculosis (58.33%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (41.67%), and bronchiectasis (36.76%). Primary clinical manifestations were productive cough (78.92%), dyspnea (25.98%), and hemoptysis (24.5%). Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) accounted for 59.80% of isolates, followed by Mycobacterium abscessus (MABS) (16.67%). Radiological analysis revealed right upper lobe (86.54%) and left upper lobe (82.69%) predominance, with multilobar involvement (≥3 lobes) in 73.08% cases. Characteristic imaging features included nodular opacities, pleural thickening (63.46%), cavitary lesions (54.81%), and bronchiectasis (51.92%). Conclusion:NTM-PD primarily affects elderly populations with chronic respiratory symptoms, demonstrating extensive pulmonary involvement across multiple lobes. The disease exhibits characteristic radiological triad of nodules, cavitations, and bronchiectasis, with MAC being the predominant pathogen in this cohort.

Purpose:Sangju-Yin, supplemented with some drugs, has frequently demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against colds, albeit its effect on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the treatment efficacy and influencing factors of a Sangju cough mixture on MP infection in adults. Patients and Methods:Between January 2021 and December 2022, 150 adult patients with MP infection at the Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were assigned to the treatment (administered Sangju cough mixture and moxifloxacin tablets) or the control (administered moxifloxacin tablets) groups. Results:When compared with the control group, the treatment group exhibited significantly improved traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, increased CD4+ T cell levels, and decreased CD8+ T cell levels (all P < 0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the negative conversion rate of the MP-specific immunoglobulin M (MP-IgM) antibody of the treatment group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P > 0.05); however, after 14 days of treatment, the rate was significantly higher in the treatment group (P < 0.05). The univariate regression analysis revealed that combined chronic respiratory disease, failure to take Sangju cough mixture, combined pneumonia, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score of at least 3 points, and age were associated with the negative conversion of the MP-IgM antibody (all P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the multivariate regression model revealed that the NRS 2002 score of at least 3 points was not an independent risk factor (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Sangju cough mixture can improve symptoms, accelerate the negative conversion time of MP-IgM antibody, and promote rehabilitation of the patients.

The objective of this study is to explore the factors that influence anxiety in elderly hospitalized pulmonary tuberculosis patients using propensity score matching (PSM) methods. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to the tuberculosis Department of Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to October 2023. The patients were then divided into anxiety and non-anxiety groups based on their GAD-7 scores. Propensity score matching was used to match the baseline data of the two groups, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the influencing factors of anxiety in elderly hospitalized pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The study included 795 elderly hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, with 599 classified as carefree and 196 as anxious (32.72

Objective: Exploring the risk factors for readmission of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) within one month using the propensity score matching(PSM). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of elderly patients with PTB who were admitted to the Tuberculosis Department of Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to October 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: non-readmission group and readmission group based on whether they were readmitted within one month after discharge. The PSM method was used to match the baseline data of the two groups of patients, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the risk factors for readmission of elderly patients with PTB within one month after discharge. Results: A total of 1268 hospitalized elderly patients with PTB were included in the study, comprising 977 readmitted patients and 291 newly admitted patients (22.95%). Using the PSM, 288 pairs of patients were successfully matched. Following matching, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, occupation, body mass index(BMI), past medical history, etc. (all P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that infection, drug-induced liver injury(DILI), acute heart failure(AHF), chronic kidney disease(CKD), and extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB) were all identified as risk factors for readmission of elderly patients with PTB. Conclusion: After controlling for confounding factors through PSM, the study revealed that infection, DILI, AHF, CKD, and EPTB are risk factors for readmission among elderly patients with PTB, highlighting the need for early intervention.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae) is a traditional medicinal herb used to treat various diseases, including kidney disease, asthma, psoriasis and vitiligo. Aim of the study: To explore the antibacterial activity of Psoralea corylifolia L. and its bioactive components against Mycobacterium abscessus ( M. abscessus ). Materials and methods: Ultra high performance liquid chromatography was utilized to analyze the bioactive fractions and compounds present in 30%, 60%, and 90% ethanol extracts of Psoralea corylifolia L.. The antibacterial effects of Psoralea corylifolia L. and potential active ingredients were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The bactericidal activity of the active ingredient isobavachalcone was evaluated and then scanning electron microscopy was used to explore the bactericidal mechanism of isobavachalcone. Results: The 90% ethanol extracts of Psoralea corylifolia L. showed significant antibacterial activity against M. abscessus, with an MIC of 156 mu g/mL. Isobavachalcone was identified as the bioactive ingredient, and testing of 118 clinical isolates of M. abscessus indicated their MICs ranged from 2 to 16 mu g/mL, with an average MIC of 8 mu g/mL. Furthermore, the minimum bactericidal concentration/MIC ratio and the time-kill test indicated rapid bactericidal activity of isobavachalcone against M. abscessus . Finally, we found that the bactericidal mechanism of isobavachalcone involved damage to the bacterial cell membrane, causing wrinkled and sunken cell surface and a noticeable reduction in bacterial length. Conclusion: Psoralea corylifolia L. ethanol extracts as well as its active component isobavachalcone show promising antimicrobial activity against M. abscessus .

Protein subunit vaccines, lacking pathogen-associated molecular patterns that trigger immune responses, rely on adjuvants to induce robust immune responses against the target pathogen. Thus, selection of adjuvants plays a crucial role in the design of protein subunit vaccines. Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing cGAS-STING agonists as vaccine adjuvants. In this study, we investigated the adjuvant effect of manganese (Mn), a cGAS-STING agonist, on the tuberculosis subunit vaccine Bfrb-GrpE (BG) in a mouse model. Initially, mice were administered with BG-Mn(J), and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy were assessed six weeks after the final immunization. The results showed that Mn(J) enhanced both the cellular and humoral immune responses to the BG vaccine and conferred effective protection against M. tuberculosis H37Ra infection in mice, leading to a significant reduction of 2.0 +/- 0.17 Log10 CFU in spleens and 1.3 +/- 0.17 Log10 CFU in lungs compared to the PBS control group. Additionally, we assessed the BG-Mn(J) vaccine in a surrogate model of tuberculosis in rabbit skin model. The vaccination with BG-Mn(J) also provided effective protection in the rabbit model, as indicated by a decreased bacterial load at the infection site, minimal pathological damage, and accelerated healing. These findings suggest that Mn(J) holds promise as an adjuvant for tuberculosis vaccines, underscoring its potential to enhance vaccine efficacy and offer protection against tuberculosis infection.

N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a versatile monosaccharide with broad applications in medicine, food, and cosmetics due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. Efficient synthesis methods for GlcNAc remain a prominent research focus. O-GlcNAc modification, prevalent in nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, is of particular interest, especially regarding the catalytic mechanism of the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzyme. Enzymatic processes using chitin as a substrate, yield GlcNAc-based oligosaccharides, offering diverse health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antimicrobial effects. This review examines GlcNAc preparation methods, O-GlcNAc modification mechanisms, and the applications of GlcNAc-based oligosaccharides in various fields.

BackgroundMelastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MD), a traditional botanical drug known for its hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, is commonly used to treat diabetes, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. However, its specific active components against diabetic osteoporosis remain unclear.PurposeThis study aimed to identify the key active components in MD using cell membrane chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and validate their effects in vitro.MethodsAn AGEs-induced osteoblast injury model was established. MTT assays measured cell viability, and ALP activity was assessed using a biochemical kit. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression levels of osteoblast-related proteins OCN and RUNX2 and the AGE receptor protein RAGE. ELISA was used to determine the levels of SOD, MDA, CAT, and GPx. PCR quantified TNF-α expression to evaluate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of MD. The AGEs-induced osteoblast cell membrane chromatography-mass spectrometry method facilitated the rapid identification of potentially active compounds based on their affinity for the osteoblast cell membrane. Cell experiments further validated the activity of the characteristic component isovitexin.ResultsMD significantly improved cell viability in AGEs-damaged osteoblasts, enhanced ALP, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, reduced MDA levels, increased OCN and RUNX2 protein expression, and decreased TNF-α mRNA and RAGE protein expression. Cell membrane chromatography identified 20 chemical constituents, including 13 flavonoids, 4 organic acids, 1 phenylpropanoids, 1 terpenoids, and 1 alkaloid. Cell experiments have confirmed that isovitexin has significant protective activity against osteoblasts and can inhibit the expression of specific receptor RAGE on the osteoblast membrane, consistent with the effect of MD.ConclusionMD and its active component, isovitexin, provide protective effects against AGEs-induced osteoblast injury, offering a basis for subsequent drug development.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of quality control circle (QCC) activities on increasing the mask-wearing compliance of hospitalized patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) during external examinations. Methods: To assess the mask-wearing compliance of patients diagnosed with TB admitted to a ward in our hospital in 2019, who visited other departments, we conducted activities in accordance with the ten steps of the QCC. We outlined the causes of non-compliance and developed and implemented improvement plans. We compared the results obtained before and after the implementa-tion of the QCC to assess the enhancement in patient compliance concerning wearing masks during external examinations, particularly among individuals diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: The compliance rate for mask-wearing during external examinations rose from an initial 32.61% (45/138) prior to the intervention to 83.71% (149/178) following the intervention. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (chi(2) = 85.635, P < 0.001). The following countermeasures and implementation measures were formulated: (1) Increasing public health education and awareness; (2) Strengthening the training of nursing staff to enhance their knowledge; (3) Providing free surgical masks; (4) Establishing an effective monitoring system with the department of auxiliary examinations. Conclusion: QCC interventions were significantly effective in enhancing adherence to mask-wearing protocols during external examinations of hospitalized patients with tuberculosis. Such improvements contribute substantially to the mitigation of tuberculosis transmission within clinical and healthcare environments.

目的 分析非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)肺病伴肺空洞的危险因素,为更有效防治非结核分枝杆菌肺病(NTM pulmonary disease,NTM-PD)提供依据.方法 回顾性分析 2020 年 1 月至 2022 年 6 月笔者科室收治的NTM-PD患者的资料,根据影像学是否合并空洞,分为有空洞组与无空洞组,收集人口学特征、临床症状、合并症、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI),白蛋白,影像学特征等资料.采用多因素Logistic回归分析NTM-PD伴肺空洞患者的危险因素.结果 共纳入 103 例NTM-PD患者,其中合并肺空洞患者 53 例(51.5%),多因素Logistic回归分析显示吸烟(OR=3.732,95%CI:1.229～11.336)、BMI<20kg/m2(OR=3.407,95%CI:1.178～9.854)、疾病病程≥1 个月(OR=3.638,95%CI:1.161～11.396)、血清白蛋白<35g/L(OR=3.479,95%CI:1.300～9.310)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)病史(OR=3.157,95%CI:1.035～9.637)是NTM-PD伴空洞的危险因素(P<0.0.5).结论 吸烟、BMI<20kg/m2、疾病病程≥1个月、血清白蛋白<35g/L、COPD病史的NTN-PD患者更容易合并肺空洞,应及早防治.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to analyze the risk factors associated with bronchiectasis combined with non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease(NTM-PD) and provide a basis for more effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The study subjects for this manuscript were patients with bronchiectasis who were admitted to the infection department between January 2021 and June 2023.There were 34 patients with NTM-PD in the observation group, and 52 patients with simple bronchiectasis in the control group. Basic information, imaging features, serum albumin levels, and infection indicators were collected from both groups of patients.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the risk factors for NTM-PD in patients with bronchiectasis. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that bronchiectasis exacerbation occurring at least twice a year(OR = 3.884, 95% CI: 1.200-12.568), involvement of three or more lung lobes with bronchiectasis (OR = 3.932, 95% CI: 1.208–12.800), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 3.221, 95% CI: 1.015–10.219), and the NLR index (OR = 1.595, 95% CI: 1.200-2.119) were significant risk factors for non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease in individuals with bronchiectasis (P < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with bronchiectasis accompanied by NTM-PD present specific risk factors that should be promptly addressed through prevention and treatment.

Marine actinomycetes are known for their production of remarkable organic molecules, particularly those featuring polyoxygenated long-chain backbones. Determining the absolute configurations of these compounds remains a challenging task even today. In this study, we successfully established the planar structures and absolute configurations of two highly flexible amide alkaloids from Streptomyces sp. WU20: kueishanamides A (1) and B (2). These compounds possess a C13 linear backbone and each contains five stereogenic carbon centers. Our approach involved a combination of spectroscopic and computational methods, including J-based configurational analysis and VCD calculations, ensuring the unambiguous determination of their configurations. Kueishanamide A (1) and kueishanamide B (2) showed moderate antifungal activity against pathogenic fungus Crytococcus neoformans, with MIC values of 25 μg/mL each.

目的 基于知识图谱分析梳理中医药治疗肺结核领域研究现状及热点.方法 检索中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)数据库中 2012～2022 年关于中医药治疗肺结核的文献,利用CiteSpace软件生成作者、机构和关键词的可视化图谱和表并进行分析.结果 共纳入 489 篇文献和 303 位作者,形成 4 个较稳定的合作团队;研究机构纳入 268 所,以成都中医药大学为首;共纳入关键词 337 个,频次＞10 的关键词为肺结核、临床疗效、免疫功能、中药、中医、中医药、咯血、临床观察;关键词聚类分析得到 15 个聚类;突现分析得到 5 个突现词,分别为临床观察、盗汗、肺痨康、免疫功能、数据挖掘.结论 中医药治疗肺结核的研究已形成相对稳定的研究团队,主要研究内容包括临床疗效观察、作用机制、经验总结;研究的治疗方法主要有中药治疗、穴位贴敷、艾灸疗法;当前的研究热点主要为免疫功能、数据挖掘.

胃脘痛是指近心窝处及上脘处疼痛,程度逐渐加剧,频次逐渐增多,临床上多见于慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃溃疡、胆囊炎、胰腺炎等相关疾病.本病病因复杂,难以根治,易反复发作,迁延日久.脾胃为元气之本,精神压力大、饮食作息无度、嗜食寒凉辛辣油腻之品,均可致气机转枢不利、运化失司,致脾胃虚损,百病由生[1].中医采用辨证论治,标本兼顾,在治疗胃脘痛方面疗效显著.卢俊明主任医师运用经方治疗胃脘痛,疗效较好,现择其验案4则介绍如下.