This article was created for the 85th anniversary of Valentina Ivanovna Chernyaeva, Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after professor G.A. Ushakova, PhD, and founder and vice president of the Kemerovo Regional Public Organization "Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists". The publication presents her life story and key achievements.

The aim of the study is to analyze current publications on premenstrual syndrome. Materials and methods. The information bases of the PubMed and e-library systems were assessed. Key words: Search words: «premenstrual disorder (PMD)», «premenstrual syndrome (PMS)», «premenstrual dysphonic disorder (PMDD)». The search depth is 5 years (2020 -2025). Research results. As a result of the search, 1537 sources were found: 1507 in PubMed and 30 publications in the e-library. 1487 sources were excluded from the analysis: the full text (is not free of charge) – 234, the absence of the full version of the publication – 745, non-compliance with thetitle – 508. 51 publicationsmet the search criteria. According to review PMS is prevalent in 10-98% and PMDD in 2-8% of women of reproductive age. Information about etiology, factors affecting the development of PMS, pathogenesis help to choose medicinal and non-medicinal methods of treatment, as well as measures to be taken to improve the quality of women’s life with PMS. Conclusion. Great attention should be paid to the recognition of premenstrual disorder development factors, timely detection of PMS and PMDD symptoms for diagnosis and treatment according to their form and degree1of severity. A special program should be developed and implemented in the curricular of an educational establishment to prevent moderate and severe degree of PMS.

The aim of the study – to trace the historical development of the uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) method for managing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) based on the analysis of information databases. Materials and methods. The PubMed and e-library information databases were evaluated. Search words: «postpartum/uterine bleeding», «intrauterine balloon tamponade», «stopping postpartum hemorrhage». Search depth – 150 years (1849-2024). Research results. The search revealed the following sources: 15996 in PubMed, 6190 publications in e-library. A total of 22100 sources were excluded from the analysis: no full version of the publication – 9340, opinion/literature review (no own data) – 2670, mismatch by title – 700, duplicate reports – 7560, no historical aspects of the problem – 1865. A total of 48 publications met the search criteria. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, accounting for 25% of maternal mortality worldwide (this figure has remained unchanged since 1992) [1]. This publication presents the main historical aspects of the improvement of uterine balloon tamponade (BTU), which has a high success rate in treating PPH and preventing hysterectomy [2]. Conclusions. Thus, the results of the systematic review showed that PPH management continues to be an important obstetric problem. Modern BTU techniques are simple and cost-effective approaches that allow for effective management of refractory PPH in most cases.

Underestimation of accelerated fetal growth during pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus leads to short-term and long-term complications for the mother and the newborn. The work is aimed at finding factors that, at the stage of antenatal diagnosis, will improve perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to create an online calculator for calculating the risk of fetal macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods of the study. During 2022-2024, a case-control study (n = 400) was conducted, which examined anamnestic, laboratory, clinical and paraclinical risk factors for the development of macrosomia in women whose pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 200) and without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (n = 200). Based on the results of binary logistic regression, two independent laboratory and paraclinical risk factors for the development of this complication in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were identified. Results. Glycated hemoglobin at the time of registration for pregnancy and the LF index of the fetus at the first sample in the study of maternal and fetal heart rate variability are the main indicators influencing the development of fetal macrosomia.

The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after prof. G.A. Ushakova of Kemerovo State Medical University celebrates 65 years since its foundation. The department has become a key training center for healthcare in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass. The contribution of the department's staff to modern science is significant.

Since the restriction on the introduction of mesh prostheses in pelvic floor surgery, there has been a need to perform effective and reliable surgical interventions using other implants for the repair of pelvic organ prolapse. The possibility of using xenopericardial plates in gynecological practice remains a significant issue and represents a medical area of current interest for research. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using xenogeneic biomaterial for the correction of anterior-apical POP in women. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the gynecological department N 2 of the Clinical Hospital named after S.V. Belyaev. The design of the study is prospective, observational. The study included 10 postmenopausal women admitted for planned surgical treatment with anterior-apical POP. The average age of the patients was 62.0 ± 4.9 years. All patients underwent surgical treatment of anterior-apical POP according to the author's technique (patent application N 2024109896 dated April 11, 2024) using xenogeneic biological material of the KemPlas surgical universal xenopericardial mesh. The effectiveness and safety of the use of the author's technique were assessed 7 days, 1 month and 6 months after surgical treatment. The primary outcome is the presence of complications of surgical treatment (implant rejection), the secondary outcome is relapse of POP. Results. During follow-up for 6 months, relapse of POP was not found in any patient. Infectious complications occurred in 4 patients (40 %). Implant rejection occurred in 4 (70 %): after 1 month – in two women (20 %), after 3 months – in 4 (40 %), in 1 (10 %) woman – after 5 months. In 3 (30 %) women, the postoperative period passed without complications: no inflammatory reactions, migration, or implant rejection were detected. These patients were 58, 65 and 70 years old; two older patients received long-term local estrogen therapy. The patients had no sexual activity, no heavy physical labor, and had normal body weight. Conclusions. Thus, the use of xenogeneic biomaterial for the correction of anterior-apical pelvic organ prolapse in women has a high incidence of implant migration and rejection. Further studies of the effectiveness of the use of this biomaterial are possible only in patients with no provoking factors (sexual activity, obesity, heavy physical labor, etc.) and after adequate preoperative preparation with local estriol preparations.

The conducted scientific research is devoted to the problem of finding predictors of preterm birth, because the available tests either have low information content or are an expensive technique. The purpose of the study. To develop a computer program for predicting premature births among women in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass. Materials and methods. To determine the most significant independent predictors of preterm birth, we conducted a study (n = 350), which analyzed more than 100 factors related to the development of preterm birth. As a result of binary logistic regression, four independent laboratory, clinical and paraclinical predictors of the risk of preterm birth were identified. Results. Based on the study, the most significant indicators affecting the risk of premature birth were identified. They include levels of prostaglandin class A antibodies, benzo[a]pyrene class G antibodies, cervical length at 18+0-20+6 weeks of pregnancy and smoking. Conclusion. You can use the program by clicking on the QR-code.

The purpose of the study is to trace the historical path of development of methods for managing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) based on the analysis of data from domestic and foreign literature. Materials and methods: The information bases of the PubMed and e-library systems were assessed. Key words (search words): Search words: «postpartum bleeding», «postpartum bleeding/haemorhage». The search depth is 150 years (1849-2024). Research results. As a result of the study, 9104 sources were found: in PubMed – 4597, in e-library – 4507 publications. 9050 sources were excluded from the analysis: lack of a full version of the publication – 2855, opinion/literature review (no own data) – 1187, mismatch by title – 1236, double reports – 2769, lack of historical aspects of the problem – 2003. 54 publications met the search criteria. PPH continues to be one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. The publication presents the main historical aspects of improving PPH management methods. Several decades ago, a set of conservative measures included emptying the bladder, manual examination of the walls of the uterus, applying cold to the lower abdomen, rubbing the abdominal skin with ether, and intrauterine administration of hot and cold solutions. However, many of these techniques were later found to be untenable. Great attention continues to be paid to improving measures for the prevention and treatment of PPH. Currently, preventing their development is of paramount importance among all measures aimed at reducing maternal mortality. Conclusions. Despite the fact that over the years of development of domestic and foreign obstetrics, many measures for the prevention and treatment of PPH have undergone significant changes, a number of techniques continue to be effectively used in a new transformation, but with a higher level of evidence.

The aim of the study was to analyze modern approaches to the use of uterotonic drugs for the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Materials and methods: The information databases of the PubMed, MEDLINE, e-library systems were evaluated. Key words (search words): «uterotonic drugs», «uterotonics», «uterotonic therapy». The search depth was 3 years (2020-2023). Results. As a result of the search, 138 publications were found, 38 publications corresponded to the search criteria. One of the main methods of management of hypotonic postpartum hemorrhage is uterotonic therapy, either as monotherapy or in combination with other methods, such as compression suture and/or controlled balloon tamponade. Oxytocin and carbetocin are generally recognized as first-line uterotonics, and ergot alkaloids and prostaglandins are generally recognized as second-line uterotonics. The high efficacy and safety of terlipressin in high-risk patients with delivery by caesarean section has been proven. Conclusions. Further multicenter studies are needed to determine the minimum effective dose of uterotonics in low-risk patients and the possibility of combining different uterotonics in high-risk patients.

Aim – the aim of the study is to carry out a comparative assessment of clinical and anamnestic indicators and features of caesarean section surgery in patients with a high risk of developing intraoperative bleeding, delivered with and without the use of the vasopressor drug Terlipressin. Materials and methods. A retrospective case-control study of 92 women, with a high risk of developing intraoperative bleeding, delivered at the Belyaev Kuzbass Regional Clinical Hospital for 2020-2021 was conducted. The main group was 12 women who were injected intraoperatively into the thickness of myometry with the drug Terlipressin immediately after crossing the umbilical cord. The control group included 80 women operated without terlipressin. Statistical data processing was carried out using the computer program Microsoft Excel 2007. To compare the frequencies of qualitative features, the criterion χ2 was used. The level of statistical significance when testing the null hypothesis was taken as corresponding p < 0.05. Results. Patients who were administered terlipressin at caesarean section had a higher incidence of placental presentation and placenta accreta, i.e., initially belonged to the group of extremely high risk of obstetric bleeding. During caesarean section surgery, these patients were naturally statistically significantly more likely to undergo dressing of the descending branch of the uterine artery, application of compression sutures, additional administration of uterotonic preparations, tranexamic acid, colloidal solutions. The average blood loss in patients who received terlipressin was slightly higher than in the control group, however, no differences were found in the severity of blood loss, the frequency of massive blood loss was recorded in only one woman (8.3 %) who needed Cell Saver and hemotrasfusion. Conclusions. The analogue of vasopressin «Terlipressin» during caesarean section surgery is significantly more often used in patients of extremely high obstetric risk. Use of this preparation in combination with compression sutures and ligation of the descending branch of the uterine artery allows preventing massive blood loss. Further in-depth research is needed in this direction.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a controlled balloon tamponade using a Zhukovsky dual-balloon intrauterine module in the management of postpartum hemorrhage. Materials and methods. Study design: retrospective case-control. Group I included 40 patients in whom a controlled balloon tamponade was used in the treatment of postpartum hypotonic bleeding. Group II (control) consisted of 40 women, whose help did not include the use of a balloon. The volume of blood loss was estimated by the gravimetric method. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the StatSoft Statistica 6.1 software package. Results. The results of the study showed that in patients for whom postpartum hypotonic bleeding was stopped using IBT, other organ-saving techniques were used statistically significantly more often: ligation of the ascending branch of the uterine artery - in 42.5 % and 15.0 % (p = 0.008) and compression sutures – in 32.4 % and 7.5 % (p = 0.009). The volume of blood loss was 990.62 ± 95.34 ml and 1766.66 ± 628.61 ml (p = 0.225), the volume of infusion-transfusion therapy was 1863.37 ± 727.53 ml and 2278.5 ± 1059.72 ml (p = 0.747), the frequency of blood transfusions – 40 % and 57.5 % (p = 0.119) did not differ statistically significantly between the groups. The frequency of hysterectomy in the group of women who received IBT was 6 times less than in the control group, respectively, in 5.0 % and 32.5 % (p = 0.005). The duration of hospitalization was not statistically significant between the groups: 5.8 ± 2.29 % and 6.8 ± 2.0 % (p = 0.748). Conclusion. The dual-balloon intrauterine module (IUD) is an effective intervention for managing postpartum haemorrhage and reducing the incidence of postpartum hysterectomy.

Цель. Дать оценку заболеваемости, клинического течения, исходов новой коронавирусной инфекции (НКИ) COVID-19 для матери и ребенка в популяции беременных Дальневосточного (ДФО) и Сибирского федеральных округов (СФО). Материалы и методы. Дизайн – популяционное эпидемиологическое проспективное исследование. Проведен анализ оперативной информации о заболеваемости, особенностях течения НКИ COVID-19 у беременных, рожениц и родильниц, материнских и перинатальных исходах, предоставленной главными акушерами-гинекологами ДФО и СФО за период с 11 марта по 25 декабря 2020 г. Математический анализ включал методы описательной статистики, анализ таблиц сопряженности, где оценивали значение ÷ 2 , достигнутый уровень значимости ( р ). Результаты. За период эпидемии COVID-19 в 2020 г. в ДФО и СФО вирус SARS-CoV-2 идентифицирован у 8485 беременных, рожениц и родильниц (5,9% от состоявших на учете беременных; 1,71% от всего заболевшего населения). Показатель заболеваемости беременных в 3,0 раза выше, чем в популяции в целом: 5933,2 vs 1960,8 на 100 тыс. человек ( р <0,001). В 27,4% (2329) случаев SARS-CoV-2-инфекция протекала бессимптомно, в 53,0% (4500) – в легкой форме, в 16,6% (1407) – среднетяжелой, в 2,5% (210) имела тяжелое и в 0,5% (39) – крайне тяжелое течение. В реанимационно-анестезиологических отделениях прошли лечение 3,57% заболевших беременных и 2,24% в общей популяции ( р <0,001). Инвазивная искусственная вентиляция легких беременным проводилась реже, чем среди населения: 0,48% vs 1,05% ( р <0,001). Завершили беременность 27,97% (2373) женщин с подтвержденной НКИ COVID-19. У 81,7% матерей роды произошли в срок, у 18,3% – преждевременно. Родоразрешены операцией кесарева сечения 42,0% женщин, оперативные влагалищные роды (вакуум-экстракция плода, акушерские щипцы) зарегистрированы в 0,2% случаев. Погибли 12 (0,14%) матерей. Показатель материнской смертности составил 505,69 на 100 тыс. живорожденных (0,51% от числа родивших пациенток с COVID-19). Показатели смертности и удельного веса умерших в общей популяции статистически значимо выше: 1948,93 на 100 тыс. заболевшего населения и 1,95% ( р <0,001). Зарегистрировано 37 (1,56%) случаев перинатальных потерь: 31 (1,30%) – мертворождений, 6 (0,26%) – ранней неонатальной смертности. Вирус SARS-CoV-2 обнаружен у 148 (6,2%) новорожденных при соблюдении противоэпидемических мероприятий и разделении матери и ребенка сразу после родов. Заключение. Частота идентификации вируса SARS-CoV-2 у беременных, рожениц и родильниц Сибири и Дальнего Востока в 3,0 раза выше, чем в общей популяции, при этом инфекционный процесс характеризуется более легким течением (меньше потребность в инвазивной искусственной вентиляции легких, ниже показатель смертности). У матерей с COVID-19 преждевременные роды регистрировали чаще в 3,0 раза, родоразрешение операцией кесарева сечения – чаще в 1,4 раза по сравнению со среднепопуляционными показателями. Выявление РНК вируса SARS-CoV-2 у 6,2% новорожденных позволяет предполагать возможность вертикальной трансмиссии инфекции.

The aim of the study – assess the impact of COVID-19 on women's reproductive health and identify the relationship between its severity and the incidence of menstrual disorders. Materials and methods. Study design: single-point cross-section. Research method: interviewing by phone, copying data from medical records of an inpatient patient. F003/U. The research included 83 women who received hospital treatment concerning NCI COVID-19. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the application package «Microsoft Excel 2007». Conclusion. The NCI COVID-19 has a negative impact on women's reproductive health. Further in-depth research is needed in this direction.

Цель. Провести обзор современных источников научной литературы, освещающих особенности исходов беременности и родов у пациенток с эндометриозом. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ 45 зарубежных и отечественных источников литературы по данной теме. Результаты. У пациенток с эндометриозом имеются проблемы с фертильностью, а при наступлении беременности она характеризуется более высоким риском развития преэклампсии, формирования предлежания плаценты, гестационного диабета, выкидыша и преждевременных родов, а также родоразрешения путем операции кесарева сечения. Новорожденные у женщин с эндометриозом имеют повышенный риск недоношенности и маловесности к сроку гестации. Вероятно, на риск акушерских и неонатальных осложнений помимо наличия эндометриоза оказывают влияние локализация и тяжесть заболевания, а также использование вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что пациентки с эндометриозом имеют высокий риск перинатальных осложнений и нуждаются в дополнительном антенатальном мониторинге и уходе.

Objective to assess risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction and develop a computer program for predicting it in women in the postpartum period Materials and methods. Study design: retrospective, case-control. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kemerovo State Medical University. An anonymous survey was conducted of 80 women with pelvic dysfunction and 80 women without pelvic floor dysfunction at the age from 18 to 45 years (mean age – 31.9 ± 5.9 years, 28.7 ± 5.4 years, p = 0.007). Results. The main risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction in women of reproductive age, in addition to the generally accepted ones, are the presence of hypodynamia (χ2 = 19.61; p < 0.001) and smoking (χ2 = 14.95; p < 0.001). Application of the computer program «Prediction of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction after Childbirth», developed using binary logistic regression and including 7 factors (the number of births and pregnancies in history, the presence of hypodynamia, obesity, smoking, stigma of connective tissue dysplasia, isthmic-cervical insufficiency) has a sensitivity of 85.0 % and specificity 78.8 % in predicting symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction in the postpartum period. Conclusion. Thus, as a result of the study, a highly effective approach has been developed to predict and prevent symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction in women after childbirth.

The aim of the research. To conduct an analytical review of modern sources of scientific literature covering the issues of premenstrual syndrome. Materials and methods. The analysis of 42 foreign and domestic literature sources on this topic was carried out. Results. About 70-80 % of women have PMS symptoms. The current understanding of the pathogenesis of PMS can be used in the treatment of both medicinal and herbal preparations. In the first-line treatment of PMS and PMDD, drospirenone-containing COCP are used. For maintenance therapy-preparations with herbal components. Conclusion. Treatment should be carried out according to the form and severity of premenstrual disorder.

The aim was to assess risk factors for endometriosis-associated infertility and to create a computer program for preoperative diagnosis of endometriosis in infertile patients. Materials and methods. Clinical-anamnestic and molecular-genetic characteristics of 150 patients with endometriosis-associated infertility and 150 patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility were studied. All patients included in the study underwent clinical and genetic examination. The most significant risk factors were selected using binary logistic regression. A computer program was created based on these data. Results. The most significant factors in the preoperative diagnosis of endometriosis in infertile patients were chronic pelvic pain (χ2 = 21.677, p <0.001), age (χ2 = 14.172, p <0.001) and concomitant gynecological diseases (χ2 = 11.185, p = 0.001) , living in the city (χ2 = 6.788, p = 0.009), the presence of dyspareuria (χ2 = 6.954, p = 0.008), AUB (χ2 = 3.848, p = 0.050), the age of sexual debut (χ2 = 4.271, p = 0.039), a history of salpingectomy (χ2 = 1.126, p = 0.04). Based on the data obtained with the use of logistic regression and ROC-analysis, a computer program «Preoperative diagnosis of endometriosis in infertile patients» was create, which has a sensitivity of 81.5 %, specificity of 71.4 %, and a predictive probability of 91.2 %. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the study made it possible to identify the main risk factors for endometriosis-associated infertility and to create a computer program for the preoperative diagnosis of endometriosis, which has a high prognostic value.

Цель исследования — провести сравнительную оценку заболеваемости и особенностей течения НКИ COVID-19 у беременных Сибирского федерального округа (СФО) и Дальневосточного федерального округа (ДФО). Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ оперативной информации о заболеваемости НКИ COVID-19 и особенностях течения у беременных, рожениц и родильниц, предоставленной главными акушерами-гинекологами СФО и ДФО на 25 мая 2020 г. Результаты. Результаты проведенного исследования показали, что доля беременных среди заболевших НКИ COVID-19 в СФО и ДФО составляет 0,82 %. Пневмония зарегистрирована почти у каждой третьей пациентки (28,4 %), однако заболевание в целом характеризовалось более легким течением, чем в общей популяции больных: тяжелая форма заболевания диагностирована у 3,6 % женщин, госпитализация в реанимационно-анестезиологическое отделение (РАО) проведена в 1,9 % случаев, ИВЛ потребовалась 0,6 % пациенток. Случаи материнской и перинатальной смертности отсутствовали. Заключение. Заболевание у беременных в СФО и ДФО характеризовалось более легким течением относительно общей популяции больных. Однако окончательные выводы можно будет сделать только после завершения пандемии.