BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common severe gastrointestinal emergency in neonates. We designed this study to identify the pathogenic microorganisms of NEC in the microbiota of the small intestine of neonates.MethodsUsing the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing method, we compared and analyzed the structure and diversity of microbiotas in the intestinal feces of different groups of neonates: patients undergoing jejunostomy to treat NEC (NP group), neonates undergoing jejunostomy to treat other conditions (NN group), and neonates with NEC undergoing conservative treatment (NC group). We took intestinal feces and saliva samples from patients at different time points.ResultsThe beta diversities of the NP, NN, and NC groups were all similar. When comparing the beta diversities between different time points in the NP group, we found similar beta diversities at time points E1 to E3 but significant differences between the E2-E3 and E4 time points: the abundances of Klebsiella and Enterococcus (Proteobacteria) were higher at the E1-E3 time points; the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella (Proteobacteria) increased at the E2 time point, and the abundance of Klebsiella decreased significantly, whereas that of Streptococcus increased significantly at the E4 time point.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the pathological changes of intestinal necrosis in the small intestine of infants with NEC are not directly caused by excessive proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the small intestine. The sources of microbiota in the small intestine of neonates, especially in premature infants, may be affected by multiple factors.

背景 过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体δ(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor δ,PPARD)编码基因rs2267668和rs1053049多态性与体能运动及下肢肌肉体积增加相关,但其与下肢力量的关系研究报道较少.目的 研究PPARD基因rs2267668和rs1053049多态性与中国男性运动人群下肢力量的相关性.方法 采用MassARRAY核酸质谱技术检测某单位 2021年 1-2月参加集训的 378例男性志愿者(18～31岁)的PPARD基因rs2267668和rs1053049多态性.采用垂直纵跳评估下肢力量,垂直纵跳成绩大于等于均数加标准差定义为下肢力量强组,垂直纵跳成绩小于均数减标准差定义为下肢力量弱组.对纳入人群的 9项体形态/成分和 9项血液细胞及血清生化指标进行检测.比较下肢力量强、弱两组PPARD rs2267668、rs1053049基因型和等位基因分布差异;采用Spearman相关性分析体形态/成分和血液指标与垂直纵跳的相关性;采用单因素协方差分析控制显著相关体形态/成分和血液指标后的PPARD rs2267668、rs1053049基因型与垂直纵跳的相关性.结果 下肢力量强组共 68例,中位年龄 21岁;下肢力量弱组共 65例,中位年龄 20岁.两组PPARD rs2267668、rs1053049基因型和等位基因分布存在统计学差异,下肢力量强组rs2267668 AA基因型频率(67.6%vs 47.7%,P=0.008)和A等位基因频率(83.8%vs 69.2%,P=0.005)显著高于下肢力量弱组;下肢力量强组rs1053049 TT基因型频率(64.7%vs 44.6%,P=0.011)和T等位基因频率(81.6%vs 66.2%,P=0.004)显著高于下肢力量弱组.部分体形态/成分和血液指标与垂直纵跳水平相关,包括体质量指数(r=-0.291,P=0.001)、腰围(r=-0.274,P=0.001)、臀围(r=-0.307,P＜0.001)、体脂率(r=-0.527,P＜0.001)、内脏脂肪(r=-0.503,P＜0.001)、红细胞计数(r=0.370,P＜0.001)、血红蛋白含量(r=0.542,P＜0.001)、总蛋白(r=0.274,P=0.001).控制相关系数大于 0.5的体形态/成分和血液指标后,rs2267668、rs1053049多态性对垂直纵跳水平仍产生显著影响(P＜0.05).结论 PPARD基因rs2267668和rs1053049多态性与中国男性运动人群下肢力量相关,rs2267668-A和rs1053049-T与良好的下肢力量显著相关.

获得性嵌合体是指骨髓、组织器官及异体外周血造血干细胞等移植后,个体通过外援获得,同时存在 2 个或以上不同细胞系的现象.本文介绍 1 例男性骨髓移植后身体多部位检材的常染色体STR分型,并探讨其形成原因及法医物证学鉴定的风险与要点.

目的 探讨α-Ⅰ型胶原(α-type Ⅰ collagen,COL1A1)基因rs1107946位点、基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases 3,MMP3)基因rs650108位点多态性与长期坚持运动的青年男性体能素质的关联性.方法 选取374名青年男性,测量体成分,测试体能,同时,采集血样检测血常规、血液生化指标及基因位点多态性.结果 COL1A1基因rs1107946位点不同遗传模式CC基因型跪推实心球成绩高于AC基因型(P=0.037)、AA基因型(P=0.028)及AC+AA基因型(P=0.013);CC基因型俯卧撑成绩高于AC基因型(P=0.046)、AC+AA基因型(P=0.034);CC基因型立定跳远成绩高于AA基因型(P=0.006),C等位基因型(AC+CC)立定跳远成绩显著高于AA基因型(P=0.011).MMP3基因rs650108位点不同遗传模式AA基因型跪推实心球成绩高于GA基因型(P=0.023)及GA+GG基因型(P=0.024).COL1A1基因rs1107946位点CC基因型较AA基因型和AC基因型血清TBil和DBil高水平(P=0.040,P=0.041)、ALP低水平(P=0.018).MMP3基因rs650108位点AA基因型较GG基因型和GA基因型HCT高水平(P=0.045),PCT、HDL-C低水平(P=0.011,P=0.012).结论 COL1A1 rs1107946、MMP3 rs650108基因多态性可作为力量素质的分子遗传标记,COL1A1 rs1107946 CC基因型和MMP3 rs650108 AA基因型是力量素质的优势基因型.

Purpose: There is growing evidence that genetic factors can influence human athletic performance. In many sports performances, excellent coordination and agility are the keys to mastery. However, few studies have been devoted to identifying genetic influences on athletic performance. Methods: We generated a derived measure of coordination and agility from the data of hexagonal jumps and T-runs and conducted genome-wide association and meta-analysis studies focused on coordination and agility. Results: The phenotypic correlation and genetic covariance analysis indicated that hexagonal jumps and T-runs were possibly influenced by the same set of genetic factors (R = 0.27, genetic covariance = 0.59). Meta-analysis identified rs117047321 genome-wide significant association (N = 143, P < 10E-5) with coordination and agility, and this association was replicated in the replication group (N = 318, P < 0.05). The CG genotype samples of this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) required a longer average movement time than the CC genotype samples, and the CG genotype only exists in Asia, which may belong to the East Asia-specific variation. This SNP is located on MYO5B, which is highly expressed in tissues such as the brain, heart, and muscle, suggesting that this locus might be a genetic factor related to human energy metabolism. Conclusion: Our study indicated that genetic factors can affect the athletic performance of coordination and agility. These findings may provide valuable insights for using genetic factors to evaluate sports characteristics.

背景 体能素质是部队战斗力的基础,存在诸多影响因素,目前体形态成分和血清生化指标对体能素质影响的研究仍显不足.目的 研究高原官兵体形态成分及血清生化指标与体能素质的相关性,为精准化练兵提供理论依据.方法 2021年6-8月选取高原驻守官兵199人作为研究对象,汉族154人,少数民族45人,年龄18～31岁,平均年龄22岁,均为男性.测量体形态成分和血清生化指标并进行体能素质测试,分析体形态成分及血清生化指标与体能素质的相关性.结果 与少数民族官兵比较,汉族官兵体质量指数[Md(IQR)][21(19.60,22.60)kg/m2 vs 22.10(20.45,23.25)kg/m2,P＜0.01]和三酰甘油异常率(0.65％vs 6.67％,P=0.037)处于较低水平,尿酸[Md(IQR)][450.80(389.30,510.80)μmol/L vs 408.30(362.10,458.70)μmol/L,P＜0.01]和尿酸异常率(66.67％vs 48.89％,P=0.030)处于较高水平,组间差异均有统计学意义.体形态成分及血清生化指标与体能素质相关性分析显示,尿素与柔韧性坐位体前屈呈负相关(r=-0.14);肌酸激酶与有氧耐力3000米跑(r=-0.17)和敏捷协调能力T型跑(r=-0.29)时间呈负相关;体脂率、内脏脂肪与有氧耐力3 000米跑(r=0.19;r=0.2)和爆发力30米冲刺跑时间(r=0.27;r=0.24)呈正相关,与上肢力量连续俯卧撑(r=-0.17;r=-0.17)、上下肢伸展能力的垂直纵跳(r=-0.29;r=-0.3)和立定跳远(r=-0.23;r=-0.17)呈负相关;肩宽及肌肉量分别与上肢力量握力(r=0.32;r=0.61)和跪推实心球(r=0.3;r=0.53)、上下肢伸展能力的立定跳远(r=0.22;r=0.25)呈正相关,与敏捷协调能力T型跑时间呈负相关(r=-0.19;r=-0.19)(P均＜0.05).握力和跪推实心球成绩分组比较,握力优秀官兵身高、腰围、臀围、小臂长、手长、手宽、肩宽、脚长、脚宽、体质量、体质量指数、基础代谢率和肌肉量较高(P＜0.05).跪推实心球优秀汉族官兵身高、腰围、臀围、小臂长、臂长、脚长、体质量、基础代谢率和肌肉量较高(P＜0.05),跪推实心球优秀少数民族官兵身高、臀围、小臂长、臂长、脚长、基础代谢率和肌肉量较高(P＜0.05).结论 高原低氧环境可影响官兵的体质量、血脂和血尿酸水平.尿素和肌酸激酶可作为体能适应性的预警指标.高体脂率对高原官兵有氧耐力、爆发力、上肢力量和上下肢伸展能力具有负面作用,肩宽和肌肉量高对上肢力量、上下肢伸展能力和敏捷协调能力具有促进作用.体形态成分可作为上肢力量需求兵种筛选的参考指标.