In mice with acute and chronic models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a quantitative study of the dynamics of CSF-1 and IL-34 protein levels in the spinal cord and blood plasma was conducted by ELISA and the specificity of CSF-1 expression in spinal cord cells was examined by immunohistological methods. A significant increase in the level of CSF-1 in the spinal cord was detected and populations of motoneurons with intense CSF-1 immunoreactivity were identified in mice with acute and chronic EAE. The obtained results suggest a possible role of CSF-1 in the pathogenesis and progression of EAE/multiple sclerosis.

The effectiveness of two liposomal forms of the photosensitizer chlorin E6 differing in their method of preparation was compared. Two types of liposomes were obtained: one containing chlorin E6 in the lipid bilayer; the other, containing the trisodium salt of chlorin E6 in the internal medium. The effectiveness of the prepared liposomes as means for photodynamic therapy (PDT) was studied on L929 mouse fibroblast cell culture. Phototoxicity was estimated upon irradiation with light of wavelength 660 nm and energy density 30 J/cm 2 . The results showed higher phototoxicity of both liposomal forms of chlorin E6 as compared to the free form of the substance. In turn, liposomes with chlorin E6 included in the lipid bilayer were more phototoxic than liposomes containing the substance in the internal medium. The most probable reason for this phenomenon may be more efficient intracellular accumulation of the active substance for chlorin E6 included in the liposome bilayer.

Furanocoumarins are natural photosensitizers and can be effectively used as drugs for the treatment of skin diseases, including superficial tumors. There are quite old and rare studies of the skin and systemic toxic effects of furanocoumarins, however, at present there are no data on the photosensitizing effect of furanocoumarins from Sosnovsky’s Hogweed’s and other giant hogweeds. There is also no convenient and easily dosed form of furanocoumarins due to the fact that furanocoumarins are rather lipophilic substances and easily form water-insoluble needle-like crystals. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the photosensitizing effect of a new emulsion form of furanocoumarins from Sosnovsky’s Hogweed’s on the skin of laboratory animals. In the course of the study, an emulsion of furanocoumarins extracted from Sosnovsky’s Hogweed’s and stabilized with tween-80 with a concentration of 8-methoxypsoralen 1 mg/ml was obtained. The emulsion was injected intravenously once to white laboratory rats at a dose of 8-methoxypsoralen 3 mg/kg. An area of rat skin after injection of the emulsion was subjected to ultraviolet irradiation at a dose of 44 joules/cm 2 with a wavelength of 365 nm. After 7 days, a histological examination of skin biopsies at the site of irradiation was performed. Macroscopically, in rats after the introduction of the emulsion and ultraviolet irradiation, signs of second-degree burns were observed. Microscopically, damage to the epidermis up to the papillary dermis was revealed, accompanied by atrophy of the hair follicles, bullous sub-epidermal cavities, and leukocyte infiltration of the sub-epidermal zone. The emulsion form of furanocoumarins of Sosnovsky’s Hogweed’s with intravenous injection and the photo activating effect of irradiation causes the same degree of burn as with contact exposure, the depth of the cytotoxic effect is limited solely by the penetrating ability of ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 365 nm. Intact animals that received only ultraviolet irradiation without emulsion injection had no skin lesions. Thus, the resulting emulsion of furanocoumarins, when injected intravenously, exhibits a photosensitizing effect.

Проведено сравнительное исследование фотоцитотоксичности двух различных по методу изготовления липосомальных форм фотосенсибилизатора хлорина E6. Получены два типа липосом: содержащие хлорин E6 в липидном бислое и содержащие тринатриевую соль хлорина E6 во внутренней среде. Эффективность разработанных липосом в качестве средств для фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) изучали на клеточной культуре фибробластов мыши L929. Оценена фототоксичность при облучении светом с длиной волны 660 нм, с плотностью энергии 30 Дж/см2. Результаты исследования показали более высокую фототоксичность обеих липосомальных форм хлорина E6 по сравнению со свободной формой вещества. В свою очередь, липосомы с хлорином E6, включенным в липидный бислой, оказались более фототоксичными по сравнению с липосомами, содержащими субстанцию во внутренней среде. Наиболее вероятной причиной данного феномена может более эффективное внутриклеточное накопление действующего вещества в случае использования хлорина E6, включенного в оболочку липосом.

ВЫБОР ВАРИАНТОВ ТЕРАПИИ РЕЦИДИВИРУЮЩЕГО БРОНХИТА НА ОСНОВЕ ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫБурнайкина К.С. 1 , Герасимова Н.Г. 1 , Балашов В

We performed a quantitative study of the neuronal population in the spinal cord of mice with acute and chronic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunohistological/immunofluorescent analysis with motor neuron marker ChAT revealed a significant decrease in the number of motor neurons in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord in the acute form of autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with the further appearance of large empty (containing no motor neurons) areas in the ventral horns in the chronic form. The development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is accompanied by degradation and death of neurons, in particular ChAT+ motor neurons.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ КОРРЕКЦИИ ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ РЕЦИДИВИРУЮЩЕГО БРОНХИТА ИММУНОМОДУЛИРУЮЩИМИ ПРЕПАРАТАМИБурнайкина К.С. 1 , Герасимова Н.Г. 1 , Шепелева О

1ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарева» Министерства образования и науки РФ, Саранск, e-mail: dep-mail@adm.mrsu.ru; 2БУ Алатырская ЦРБ, Алатырь Исследование включения иммуномодуляторов в схему терапии рецидивирующего бронхита показало их влияние на патогенетические механизмы данной патологии. Сравнительный подход к изучению данной проблемы выявил некоторые различия в фармакологических эффектах иммунокорректоров. Полиоксидоний, включенный в схему терапии рецидивирующего бронхита, более комплексно влиял на патогенетические компоненты патологии. Препарат не только оптимизировал показатели иммунной системы и антиоксидантного статуса, но и способствовал нормализации оксида азота (нитритов) в крови пациентов. Деринат также эффективно влиял на патогенетические механизмы патологии: активность каталазы, уровень малонового диальдегида, церулоплазмина, а также показатели фагоцитоза. Однако исследование показало отсутствие статистически значимого эффекта дерината в отношении оксида азота крови при общей положительной тенденции изменения данного показателя при применении иммунокорректора в составе комплексной терапии рецидивирующего бронхита у детей с частыми респираторными инфекциями. У группы пациентов, получавших только стандартную терапию без иммунокорректоров, не отмечалось статистически достоверных изменений показателей антиоксидантного статуса, оксида азота, фагоцитоза после лечения. В сравнительном аспекте после терапии эти показатели крови имеют достоверные отличия от показателей у пациентов, получавших иммунокорректоры. Ключевые слова: рецидивирующий бронхит, иммунокорректоры, иммунитет, антиоксидантная система, оксид азота, фагоцитоз, интерлейкины.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭКСПРЕССИИ IBA1-АНТИГЕНА КЛЕТКАМИ МИКРОГЛИИ СПИННОГО МОЗГА МЫШЕЙ ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКОМ ЭНЦЕФАЛОМИЕЛИТЕ КАК МОДЕЛИ РАССЕЯННОГО СКЛЕРОЗА Гущина С.В.1,2, Бо К.2, Балашов В.П.1, Панков В.Г.1, Балашов А.В.1 1Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарева, Саранск, Россия; 2Колледж Королевы Марии Университета Лондона, Лондон, Великобритания, e-mail: sguschin@mail.ru

The study presented results of exploration of liver functional activity and morphological structure on the experimental model of drug-induced hepatitis by twice administration of 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen to nonlinear both sexes white rats treated by preventive administration of novel pharmaceutic formulation with laboratory code LHT-8-16. The substance was administered to the animals intra-gastrically 1 hour prior to acetaminophen intake. We studied changes in biochemical blood indices, which characterize the functional activity of the liver, assessed the organ histological structure, and performed macro- and micro-morphometric analysis. It has been shown that the substance LHT-8-16 prevents the toxic effect of acetaminophen on the functional activity of the liver, which was displayed in the decrease of activity of drug-induced cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes, normalizing the level of total bilirubin in rats’ serum. The appearance of the liver, its relative and absolute weight in animals with drug-induced hepatitis, who received LHT-8-16, was comparable with the intact rats. On histological specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin we observed a decrease in the area of necrosis of hepatic parenchyma, preservation of tissue structure. Hyperemia and extending sinusoids occurred on the periphery of the body and were less pronounced in comparison with the control group. The area of the cytoplasm, the nuclei and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio approximated the values of the intact group. The appearance of multi-nuclear hepatocytes referred to the activation of the synthetic activity of the liver and onset of regeneration mechanisms. Thus, it can be concluded that the studied formulation possesses hepatoprotective property.

Transcription activity of NF-κB in sensory neurons was analyzed in vitro using classical immunocytochemical methods and transgenic technologies. Activation of NF-κB in NIH3T3 cells and in murine sensory neurons after in vitro stimulation with TNF-α was demonstrated by the immunocytochemical method; however, the expression of the reporter NF-κB/LacZ transgene was detected only after addition of histon deacetylase inhibitor. Hence, formally contradictory conclusions from the results of immunocytochemical analysis and reporter transgene expression were in line with the hypothesis on epigenetic repression of NF-κB activity in sensory neurons mediated by histon deacetylases.

Проведено гистологическое исследование эмбрионального гистогенеза мышечных тканей стенки влагалища крыс. С помощью световой и электронной микроскопии установлены этапы формирования органа, источники развития гладкой и поперечно-полосатой мышечных тканей. Мезенхима является источником развития для лейомиоцитов. Миобласты исчерченной мышечной ткани выселяются, скорее всего, из общих зачатков с мышцами промежности и имеют миотомное происхождение. Для эмбрионального гистогенеза характерны основные базисные процессы: пролиферация, специфическая дифференцировка, интеграция, апоптоз. Для процесса специфической дифференцировки обоих видов тканей характерна гетерохронность, которая проявляется присутствием малодифференцированных, дифференцирующихся и дифференцированных миоцитов для гладкой мышечной ткани. Для исчерченной ткани также характерна гетерохронность: наряду с уже образованными молодыми мышечными волокнами, присутствуют миотубы, также идет активное слияние миобластов. Вместе с тем сохраняется последовательность этапов процесса специфической дифференцировки исчерченной мышечной ткани: премиобласты, миобласты, мышечные трубочки и миосимпласты.

We carried out the electronic microscopic research of the tissues of mamma vagina. It shows that the rate of the specific differantiation is growing after the birth. The ultrastructural organization of myocytes and elements of striated muscle tissue is complecated together will the proliferation activity. The elements of nervous tissue show their positive influence. The integration of muscle cells in clasters take place at the same time with a very active differentiation. The kinds of the intercells contacts are very numerous and different. At the same time the apoptosis is typical for the postnatal hystogenesis and is discovered on the different stages of the postnatal development.

A new compound, (2-chloroethoxy-4’-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphorylacetic acid N -acetohydrazide (II) has been synthesized. Compound II is proposed to be a metabolite of 2-(chloroethoxy-4’-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphoryl acetohydrazide (CAPAH, I) – a phosphorylacetic acid derivative possessing nootropic activity. Psychotropic and antiarrhythmic properties of II were studied in comparison to those of I. It is established that II does not possess nootropic and antidepressant activities, but its antiarrhythmic properties are more pronounced. It is suggested that C(O)CH 3 fragment, being a substitute of hydrazide in the structure of II, decreases penetration of this compound through blood-brain barrier, which can explain the absence of psychotropic activity.

Culture of cell lines have been used traditionally to evaluate medicinal cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine on the metabolic activity of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Research methods. The object of the study was the culture of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of the 6th passage derived from adipocytes in rat. Cultivation of this cell line was carried out at the optimum pH-condition (7.37) and at the modification of the values (4.0, 5.5 and 9.0). The MTT-test was performed by the method of M. Niks and M.Otto in modification. Results. The research culture of cells, it is shown that the simulation acidosis (pH 4.0 and 5.5) and alkalosis (pH of 9.0) accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of their metabolism by MTT test. The severity of oppression activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases significantly depended on the magnitude of deviations from normal pH values. Introduction in the environment of cultivation L-carnitine in the range of concentrations 10-3-10-10 Mol/l increases the intensity of formation of theformazan salts all over the pH range of incubation medium. The optimal effect of L-carnitine manifests in concentrations 10-5-10-6 Mol/l and with the least deviation of the pH of the environment from the normal values. The discussion. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the ability of L-carnitine to maintain the metabolism of cells in the failure of intra and extracellular pH caused by stress, hypoxia, strenuous and ischemia. In the conditions and acidosis and alkalosis Lcarnitine stimulates the synthesis of ATP through participation in the oxidation of free fatty acids into the mitochondria. This property of the drug may explain some of its pharmacological effects and is of interest for specialists in the field of sports medicine.

The new compound (2-chloroethoxy-4′-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphorylacetic acid N-acetylhydrazide (II) was synthesized. Compound II was proposed as a metabolite of (2-chloroethoxy-4′-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphorylacetic acid hydrazide (CAPAH, I), a drug possessing nootropic activity. The psychotropic and antiarrhythmic properties of II were compared with those of I. It was established that II did not possess nootropic and antidepressant activities although its antiarrhythmic properties were more pronounced. It was suggested that the C(O)CH3 fragment, being a substituent on the hydrazide in II, decreased penetration of the compound through the blood―brain barrier, which could explain the absence of psychotropic activity.