Znachitel'noe chislo primenyaemyh v klinike protivoopuholevyh sredstv nedostatochno effektivno i bezopasno, chto obuslovlivaet poisk novyh lekarstvennyh substancij. Cel' raboty — izuchit' vliyanie digidrobromida 2-(3,4-digidroksifenil)-9-dietilaminoetilimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazola (RU185) na rost i metastazirovanie perevivaemoj eksperimental'noj opuholi legkogo L'yuis (LLC). LLC privivali 55 mysham-samkam C57/Bl6 massoj 18–20 g podkozhno. Vnutrizheludochnoe (0,5 ml v sut.) vvedenie preparata nachinali cherez 48 ch posle perevivki opuholi 1 raz v sutki 10 dnej v razovyh dozah 50, 220, 500 mg/kg (gruppy 1, 2 i 3 sootvetstvenno). Mysham kontrol'noj gruppy vvodili fiziologicheskij rastvor. Pri vnutrizheludochnom vvedenii substancii proiskhodilo dostovernoe uvelichenie prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni zhivotnyh tol'ko v gruppe 2 (162,3%), a takzhe znachimoe umen'shenie ob"emov opuholi uzhe na 1-e sutki posle okonchaniya lecheniya. Na 7-e i 14-e sutki ot momenta okonchaniya lecheniya razmery opuholi v gruppah 2 i 3 byli snizheny po sravneniyu s kontrol'noj gruppoj v 3,4 i 1,3 raza (na 7-e sutki) i v 2,2 i 1,3 raza (na 14-e sutki) sootvetstvenno (r < 0,05). Indeks tormozheniya rosta opuholi sohranilsya v gruppe 2 k 14-m sutkam posle okonchaniya lecheniya i u 20% zhivotnyh otmechen regress opuholi. CHislo metastazov v legkih v gruppah 1 i 2 bylo snizheno otnositel'no kontrolya v 2,6 i 3,1 raza sootvetstvenno, a indeks ingibirovaniya metastazirovaniya sostavil 68,1 i 80% sootvetstvenno. Issledovannyj RU-185 okazyvaet protivoopuholevoe dejstvie, chto vyrazheno v uvelichenii prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni zhivotnyh, snizhenii skorosti rosta pervichnoj opuholi, a takzhe chastoty razvitiya i kolichestva legochnyh metastazov eksperimental'noj epidermoidnoj karcinomy legkogo L'yuis myshej.

The aim of the study was to improve the results of treatment of long-term non-healing postoperative wounds by intra-tissue application of alpha interferon in patients with melanoma. Material and methods of research. For the treatment of long-term non - healing wounds of patients with melanoma (T1 - 2N0M0), a solution of alpha interferon was introduced into the bottom and along the edges of the wound (the main group-37 people), and in the control (n=35), traditional wound treatment was continued. clinical and cytological parameters of the wound process were evaluated. results. The marked differences in the terms of wound cleansing and granulation appearance are shown - a decrease of 3 and 2 times, respectively, in comparison with the control group. In the main group, the time of final wound healing is 2.5 times lower than in the control group. On the 3rd day in the main group cytologically revealed a pattern of marked decrease in the inflammatory process. After 10 days after the start of alpha-interferon, there was a positive dynamics of the wound process (a decrease in the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes and an increase in connective tissue cells and macrophages). On the 14th day after the start of treatment in the main group cytological picture reflects the activation of reparative processes. In a cytological study in the control group, the above changes occur at a later date, which corresponds to the clinical picture of the course of the wound process. Conclusions. The interstitial application of interferon for the treatment of long-termnon-healin gpost operative wounds of patients with skin melanoma cansignificantly shorten the healing time of the postoperative wound by stimulatingloca limmuneresponses, followed by the development of active granulations and rapid epithelization of the wound

Ultrasound examinations of melanocytic skin neoplasms in 100 patients in their preoperative period were analyzed retrospectively. Complex ultrasound examinations were performed using expert class systems «Logic E9» and «IU 22 PHILIPS» in Sono-CT, Х-RES, Zoom regimens, color and power Doppler (CD and PD) and harmonic imaging with multifrequency linear sensors (5–17 MHz). Ultrasound was performed according to the original protocol and the results were compared to the morphological verification data. 55 % of patients had benign nevi, 12 % – dysplastic and marginal nevi, 33% skin melanoma. Analysis of echo-semiology of benign, dysplastic and marginal nevi, superficial spreading and nodular melanoma contributed to improving the accuracy of non-invasive differential diagnosis of melanocytic skin neoplasms, providing clinicians with important additional information. US accuracy in differential diagnosis of melanocytic skin neoplasms was 90.0%, specificity – 85.0%, sensitivity – 90.2%.

It is known that particularities of microenvironment of a malignant tumor can influence its invasion and progress. Although BCSC is commonly believed to have a favourable prognosis, variants of aggressive disease course have been encountered lately. The task of this paper is comparative characteristics of factors of the local immunity in microenvironment of BCSC with various proliferation and under varied age particularities of patients. A number of distinctions according to content of local immunity factors in BCSC patients have been determined. Higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, mostly IL-1 and IL-8, are shown in the tumor as compared to intact tissue; there is also a higher quantity of CD3+CD4+ and a lower quantity of CD3+CD8+ in the peritumoral area as compared to healthy tissue, with the tumor tissue containing more B-cells. Some differences have been found related to the proliferation of BCSC as well as to the age of the patients.

Morbidity and mortality of patients with skin melanoma now have the tendency to growth. The main diagnostic methods are dermatoscopy, cytological examination, excisional biopsy and ultrasound diagnostics. However, development of new markers is still actual, as well as creation of the most advanced diagnostic system and analysis of results of a complex use of several known markers that will allow expanding diagnostic capabilities of specialists in detection of melanocytic skin neoplasms. The review presents information on pathogenetic significance of growth factors, components of plasmonogen activation system and Кi-67, р53, bcl-2, HMB-45 and Melan PNL2 markers in melanoma growth, development and treatment. The revealed metabolic changes demonstrate a close relationship between pathogenesis of melanoma and nevi, as well as possibility of malignization of the last. Further studies of the growth factors, components of plasminogen activation system, markers of proliferation and apoptosis can expand capabilities of an early diagnostics of melanocytic neoplasms and will contribute to optimization of the treatment strategy.

Abstract. Morphological response of the tumor was investigated after sonodynamic chemotherapy during distal gamma-therapy (DGT) in patients with cancer of the oral cavity. Sixty-one patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=31) received DGT and local ultrasound treatment (0,88 MHz±0,33% and I=1,0Вm/cm2) with 5 mg of platidiam  and group 2 (n=30) received only DGT. Biopsies were investigated by standard morphological and immunohistochemical analysis after achieving total dose of radiation 40 Gy. In the main group the mass of stroma increased 1,9 times after starting of treatment and 1,6 times in comparison with the control group, mitotic activity of the cells decreased 3,9 and 1,9 times respectively, and index of parenchymal damage was 2,4 times higher in the main group than in the control. There was fibrosis and focuses of cells with “cells – shadows” with dystrophic changes of the nucleus and cytoplasma. There was a high index of Ki-67 proliferating activity (60-75%) and high apoptotic index (50-65%) of all cell layers.  The rate of Ki-67 and gene p53 decreased 1,3 and 1,5 times respectively after treatment. In specimens of the main group basal layer cells expressed Ki-67 and p53 in 10-15% of area and didn’t differ from normal values. The rate of KI-67 and expression of p53 gene decreased 7.1 and 6.5 after treatment. Sonodynamic chemotherapy contributes to the suppression of the biological aggressiveness of the tumor, provides a much more pronounced antitumor effect compared to the effect of ionizing radiation alone.

Of the total number of 1756 patients with mammary gland pathology operated in the Department of Mammary Gland and Reproductive System Surgery of Rostov Science Cancer Institute within the period of 2 years concomitant gynecological pathology was revealed in 1359 (77,4%) patients. 68 of the latter needed surgery. In 56 patients who made the basic group for examining simultaneous operations for combined pathology of mammary glands and genitals were performed. Control group of 60 patients with delayed gynecological surgery was formed retrospectively. According to our results simultaneous operations in patients with combined pathology of mammary glands and genitals proved to be justified and possible in 82,4% of the patients. Relative contraindications for simultaneous operations include severe and moderate general condition of the patient; disintegrating tumors and the patient’s rejection of the surgery. In all other cases they are justified. Such complex approach to surgical treatment allows to avoid reoperations and narcosis in these patients and removing them to other specialized departments, has economic benefits, doesn’t increase the incidence of marked surgical complications and enables to start the postoperative radiotherapy in time. Thus, it improves the results of the treatment, reduces the patient’s hospital stay and the total time of treatment.

Was conducted the study of the state of free-radical processes in perifocal area of skin melanoma in 56 patients with morphologically verified diagnosis. The activity of free-radical processes has been studied at a distance of 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm from the focus. On the base of the results were revealed "metabolic borders" of melanoma perifocal area, and therefore it is recommended to extend resection line to 5 cm.

The level of plasmin, plasminogen, and plasminogen activators (urokinase uPA and tissue tPA activators of plasminogen) in cytosolic fraction has been studied in 40 samples of tissue taken from skin melanoma рТ1-4N0-ХM0, its perifocal area and along the resection line. The results obtained indicate that the connection between components of tissular fibrinolytic system and skin melanoma progressing is true. They also show that components of plasminogen activation system have pathogenetic meaning for growth and development of skin melanoma and they may be a target in target therapy. They allow considering resection limits with skin melanoma, as surgical interference in the metabolically changed tumor field around it may foster emergence of both local and remote metastases.

Методом ИФА исследовали уровень ростовых факторов – VEGF-А, EGF, TGF, FGF, IFR-1, IFR-2 и рецепторов VEGF-R, EGF-R в ткани меланомы кожи, перифокальной зоны опухоли и линии резекции, полученных при оперативном иссечении опухоли (рТ1-4N0-1M0) у больных обоего пола, возрастом от 55 до 76 лет. Показана активация VEGF в ткани меланомы, уровень которого коррелирует с содержанием инсулиноподобных факторов роста и не зависит от размеров опухоли. При T1-2N0M0 экспрессируется фактор роста эндотелия сосудов и его рецептор, однако в ткани перифокальной зоны отмечено возрастание уровня VEGF, но не его рецептора. Отмечено также повышение уровня IFR-1 и IFR-2 в ткани меланомы T1-2N0M0 и ее перифокальной зоны и активация EGF, TGF и FGF. Исследованием обнаружено сходство метаболического состояния ткани меланомы и соответствующей перифокальной зоны и по мере прогрессии опухоли усиление метаболической нестабильности окружающего опухоль региона. Полученные результаты показывают, что метаболическое состояние ткани по линии резекции соответствует обнаруженному в ткани опухоли и перифокальной зоне и позволяют задуматься о границах резекции при меланоме кожи, учитывая уровень факторов ангиогенеза.