烟区产业综合体是指在植烟区域,以行政村为单位,依托烟草全产业链,集聚优质土地资源、闲散劳动力资源,充分利用已建基础设施,以烟农专业合作社为运行主体,合作社与社会农业服务组织协同建立订单服务平台,实行产业规划、技术标准、注册品牌、对接市场"四统一",在解决烟草产业稳定的基础上,逐步向多元化产业延伸推进,不断推动形成以烟为主、多业发展、粮烟双收的新型现代烟草农业发展模式,带动烟叶产区产业振兴、农民富裕.

To investigate the effects of different amounts of biochar and seaweed fertilizers on tobacco growth and resistance to bacterial wilt, field experiment was conducted with complete random design using tobacco NC102 as material in the tobacco bacterial wilt disease-prone areas. On the basis of conventional fertilization, six treatments were set including CK (control), BC1 (9000 kg/ha biochar), BC2 (15 000 kg/ha biochar), BC3 (22 500 kg/ha biochar), SW (2250 kg/ha seaweed fertilizer) and BC2 + SW (15 000 kg/ha biochar+2250 kg/ha seaweed fertilizer) .The results showed that single or combined application of seaweed fertilizer and biochar whether promoted the growth of tobacco. Although excessive application of biochar inhibited tobacco growth at rosette stage, it promoted growth at vigorous growing stage. Furthermore, the application of biochar and seaweed fertilizer significantly increased soil pH and soil nutrient content, reduced the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt and its disease index, increased the yield of flue-cured tobacco and the proportion of middle and superior tobacco leaves, improved the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves by coordinating the chemical composition. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to reflect the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of soil and the indicators of tobacco bacterial wilt of different treatments. The results showed that appropriately improving soil pH can be an important strategy to prevent and control tobacco bacterial wilt and improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco in the main acid producing areas.

为了探索多叶型烤烟品种OX414在山东烟区的适应性,以主栽烤烟品种NC102为对照,了解OX414的农艺性状、经济性状与所产烟叶内在质量.结果表明,OX414的农艺性状略优于对照;单位面积产量和产值高于对照,经济性状表现良好;主要化学成分的协调性略优于对照;感官评吸质量优于对照.初步认为,烤烟品种OX414的综合表现和内在质量优于对照品种,在山东烟区具有一定的推广应用价值.

[目的]明确烤烟烟叶发育状况与其感官评吸质量的关系.[方法]对2014—2016年取自全国9个省的烤烟烟叶样品进行外观品质以及评吸质量检测鉴定,对所得数据按年份进行相关分析.[结果]描述性统计结果显示,烟叶叶片特征指标和感官评吸指标在所取样本间变幅不大,各项指标平均值属于中等偏上水平,变异系数变化不大.简单相关分析结果表明,与烤烟评吸质量相关的各项指标因烟区、年份不同而与烟叶发育物理指标间呈现不同的相关性.其中香气质、香气量及刺激性等与叶长、叶宽、开片度及单叶重之间相关性较显著(P<0.05).[结论]该研究为工业企业的烟叶原料采购和合理利用提供科学依据.

为明确丙硫咪唑在烟草中的残留消解规律,制定科学合理的农药残留限量标准,采用QuEChERS与高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)联用技术检测了烟草中丙硫咪唑的残留量,并进行了实际样品检测.结果表明:在0.001～1 mg/L范围内,丙硫咪唑的质量浓度与对应的峰面积间线性关系良好,R2>0.998.在0.02、0.2和2 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,丙硫咪唑在鲜烟叶中的回收率为94％～97％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2％～2.7％;在0.01、0.1和2 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,丙硫咪唑在干烟叶中的回收率为85％～104％,RSD为2.0％～8.1％.丙硫咪唑在干烟叶和鲜烟叶中的最低检测浓度(LOQ)分别为0.01和0.02 mg/kg.消解动态试验结果表明,丙硫咪唑在鲜烟叶中的消解半衰期为5.4～16.1 d.以有效成分90和135 g/hm2的剂量分别施用15％ 丙硫唑?戊唑醇悬浮剂3次,于末次施药后7、14和21 d时,干烟叶中丙硫咪唑的残留量分别为0.14～3.04、0.33～2.20和0.17～1.85 mg/kg.推荐其残留限量为2 mg/kg,按照农药合理准则规范使用农药,于末次施药后21 d,丙硫咪唑在干烟叶中的残留量小于2 mg/kg,残留风险水平较低.

Tobacco wildfire,caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci,is an important leaf tobacco bacterial disease.In order to quickly and accurately detect this disease,we downloaded the genome sequences from NCBI,including 25 Pseudomonas genus and 127 pathovars of P.syringae,and made a blast with Mauve 2.3.1 to find the specific fragments for P.syringae pv.tabaci.Based on this result,13 primer pairs were designed with Primer Premier 6.0 and study their specificity for P.syringae pv.tabaci.One primer pair,40429, was picked out and verified with wildfire strains of different provinces. These results showed that primer 40429 could separate P.syringae pv.tabaci from other Pseudomonas genus and other pathovars of P.syringae by a single PCR product of 203 bp. It is indicated that the primer has a good applicability to the detection of P.syringae pv.tabaci and can be used in molecular identification.

该研究通过在山东省沂水县开展烤烟品种NC55井窖式移栽的最适揭膜培土时间试验,研究不同揭膜培土时间对烤烟井窖式移栽的产质量的影响,共设计井窖移栽后30d揭膜培土、40d揭膜培土、50d揭膜培土、60d揭膜培土4个处理,另外以不揭膜、不培土做对照.结果表明,不同揭膜培土时间处理对烟株大田生长势、农艺性状、抗病性及烤后烟经济性状有较大影响,栽后50d揭膜培土处理的烟叶质量整体好于其他处理,烟叶有较强的抗病性,同时烤后烟表现出较好的经济效益.

In order to explore the feasibility of using color parameters to estimate tobacco curing characteristics during ripening process,the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco NC55 were used as test materials.The color parameters of tobacco leaves with different maturity were determined by colorimeter,and the baking characteristics of fresh leaves were studied by black box test.The relationships between color parameters and baking characteristics were studied by analyzing the relationship between color parameters and maturity,maturity and baking characteristics.The results showed that the L*,b * and C * values of two sides showed increasing trends with the increase of maturity of tobacco leaves.The a* value first increased,then decreased,and increased after that.The H * value decreased continuously.With the increase of maturity,the tobacco leaves were easier to bake,but worse to endure baking.In conclusion,the tobacco leaves with different maturity had different baking characteristics,so color parameters could be used as quantitative indicators of their baking characteristics.

从烟草的水肥一体化入手,结合临沂烟区的实际情况,开展可移动水肥一体机设备研究,有效解决了烟田精准施肥问题,达到了降本增效的目的,实现了丘陵山区烟田用水用肥高效化.

应用大区示范的方式,研究地恩地微生物菌肥对烤烟品种CF225产量及质量的影响,以施用地恩地微生物菌肥为处理,以不施用该微生物菌肥作对照,在烟苗移栽时将烟苗根部(基质下部)蘸上适量菌肥后移栽,同时观察大田长势,进行农艺性状、经济性状等相关数据的测定.结果表明,施用地恩地微生物菌肥在烟株团棵期内能促进烟株缓苗,促进根系发育;在烟叶经济性状方面,施用地恩地微生物菌肥的烟田中上等烟比例高,经济效益高.

Optimizing grade configuration of tobacco leaves is the emphasis and hot spot that always be studied by the scientific and technological workers, which as the important measures to improve the tobacco grade quality and solve the structural contradictions of industrial inventory. According to research status of key technical measures of tobacco grade configuration optimization in China,it was summarized the relations of tobacco grade configuration optimization with agronomic effects, benefits of peasants who planting tobacco and industrial utilization ,etc.We gaveprospect forthe research .

为进一步规范临沂烟叶生产过程中农药使用管理,加强烟草病虫害综合防治,减少病虫害造成的损失,降低农药残留,提高烟叶安全性,保障烟叶产量和质量,做好烟叶质量管控,构建"优质、特色、生态、安全"的现代烟草农业基地单元.

为减少烟蚜对烟田危害,推广以虫制虫,降低农药使用次数,保护烟区生态环境,自2014年以来,山东临沂烟草有限公司致力于研究烟蚜茧蜂防治蚜虫技术.阐述了烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜技术的发展及应用,以及规模化繁殖与释放烟蚜茧蜂的技术要点,介绍了该项技术应用的效果评价,包括杀虫剂使用成本、放蜂成本、对烟蚜的控制作用等综合评价.结果表明,烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的防治效果明显,对烟区生态环境改善及农药残留降低起到了积极作用.

In order to explore the supporting technologies on fine seed and fine method of NC102 suitable for local natural conditions, and meet the need of industrial cigarette formula, effects of nitrogen rate on plants growth and yield of NC102 were studied by field experiment. The experiment set three replicates and four different nitrogen rate levels (60, 75, 90, 105 kg/ha). The results showed that nitrogen rate had significant effect on plant height, leaf area and yield. According to comprehensive analysis, higher field uniformity, lighter incidence of field diseases and higher production efficiency were recorded in the treatment of 75 and 90 kg/ha nitrogen rate, compared with the treatments of 60 and 105 kg/ha under moderate fertility (alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 50-80 mg/kg). The highest average price and production efficiency were observed in the treatment of 75 kg/ha nitrogen rate. Based on chemical composition of flue cured tobacco leaves, when nitrogen rates were 75 and 90 kg/ha, sugar alkali ratios of the leaves were more harmonious, and they were accepted more easily by the cigarette industry. On the consideration of comprehensive analysis, the treatment of 75 kg/ha nitrogen rate was best on growth and yield of tobacco NC102.

Two years multiple location study indicated that effect of PULI bio-fertilizer' s raw material on tobacco was less than that of combination fertilizer of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium. With special bacteria put in, the effect exceeded that of the compination. By using PULI bio-fertilizer, the yield and quality of tobacco increased, economic benefit improved, aroma increased and taste became more pleasing and offensive odor and irritancy was decreased. PULI bio-fertilizer distinctly improved interior quality of tobacco.