The Decree of the Minister of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, Number SK 398/Menhut-II/2004, dated October 18, 2004, converted the Maros Pangkep karst area to the Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park (Babul National Park). Karst and Babul National Park depend on rainwater absorbed by subsurface rivers. Babul National Park has integrated water management, although water supply and security are still threats. This study analyzes the harmonization and synergy of water policy with community requirements in the Maros-Pangkep Karst area, where residents rely largely on underground rivers. This study utilizes empirical legal research. (1) The Babul National Park manager distinguishes between the use of water as mass and as energy, and the surrounding community must seek for a permit for the latter. In the implementation process, the permission did not fully comply with the existing standards, notably the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number P.18/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/4/2019 governing the use of water and energy in wildlife sanctuaries, National Parks, Grand Forests, and Nature Tourism Parks. (2) Because legal enforcement hasn’t deterred forest destroyers, this will undermine forest conservation and the importance of forests in water management.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. K. Lebang, A. Arifin, B. Abdullah; Enhanced sensitivity of glass optical fiber with various configuration for displacement and force sensor. AIP Conference Proceedings 27 January 2023; 2540 (1): 100012. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0105692 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Calcium and pH sensors based on plastic optical fibers (POF) using a spiral spring configuration that variation the number of winding with the addition of imperfections has been made. Application of the sensor is done by immersing the sensor into a sample of calcium and pH content that have varying concentrations and values. Experimental measurements show the relationship between variations in calcium content and pH values on the output voltage. The magnitude of changes in the value of calcium and pH in milk produces a small output voltage. The sensor shows a high sensitivity value and the best resolution in a spiral spring configuration with 5 windings and 5 imperfections added. The maximum sensitivity value in the measurement of milk calcium is 0.0018 V I mg.L−1 and resolution 0.5488 mg.L−1, while the measurement of pH of milk obtained a sensitivity of 0.0448 VIpH, and a resolution of 0.0223 pH. Milk calcium and pH sensors offered have an effective method, a simple design, more economical, high sensitivity and good resolution. Milk calcium and pH sensors offered have an effective method, a simple design, more economical, high sensitivity and good resolution.

In this research, a urea level sensor based on plastic optical fiber was made using the macro bending method and two kinds of configurations. The sensor is made with a gamma and band configuration with a variety of cladding, no cladding, and imperfection and immersed in the urine sample which has different urea. This is aimed at determining the optimal sensor as a urea level sensor. The object measured was a urine sample with different urea concentrations ranging from 336.1 mg/dL to 1384.3 mg/dL, with the same volume for each concentration in the container or sample holder. The light from LED is transmitted through a plastic optical fiber, received by the phototransistor, then amplified by the differential amplifier, and converted by the microcontroller to voltage as the final results on the computer. Changes in urea levels result in changes in the refractive index around the sensor. The results showed that the more imperfection given to the plastic optical fiber sensor with gamma and band configuration, the better the range, sensitivity, and resolution. The best measurements were obtained in the band configuration with PANI-ZnO coating using six imperfections with the range value of 0.514 volts, the sensitivity value of 0.367 mvolt/mg dL-1, and the resolution value of 2.724 mg/dL. The sensor is suitable for urea levels in medical, agricultural, or industrial applications with the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, and ease of operation.

Monitoring the water level in the open channels of the regional water utility company needs to be carried out to ensure the availability of raw water to be processed. This research focuses on making a prototype of a water level monitoring system in an open channel utilizing the WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) component as an application of the IoT (Internet of Things) concept. Monitoring the water level in the open channel is carried out using the infrared sensor GP2Y0A02KF0Y. The real-time measurement results are then sent using XBee wireless communication, then processed by the Raspberry Pi to be saved to a database and displayed on the website. The measurement data can be presented on the website in graphs and tables. The GP2Y0A02YK0F sensor has a measurement error of 1.02% with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The average delay in sending data to the website is 1 second. The monitoring system can work well when measuring the water level in an open channel. The advantages of this research are that the instrument used has a high level of accuracy at an affordable price, uses low power, is easy to operate, and can store and present real-time data

This research discusses sensors based on plastic optical fiber (POF) for concrete compressive tests and concrete tensile tests. Sensors are made of plastic optical fibers without coat attached to concrete surfaces or planted in concrete with straight, one bending, and two bending configurations. Sensors are attached to concrete with four configurations to find the best sensitivity and resolution values. The pressure on the sensor is related to the loss of power. The best sensor characteristic based on plastic optical fiber for concrete compressive test and the concrete tensile test is the sensor with two bending configurations that are planted in concrete. The sensitivity and resolution values in the concrete compressive strength test were 0.085 volts/kN and 0.047 kN. While the value of sensitivity and resolution of the concrete tensile test obtained is 0.082 volts/kN, and 0.048 kN. Sensor-based on plastic optical fiber has the advantage that is low cost and simple in measurement method that can be applied for monitoring the condition of the building structure.

The research has measured the landslide using a displacement sensor based on Glass Optical Fiber (GOF) and Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR). The sensor manufacture process consists of various materials, structures, configurations, diameters, and directions. The sensor is made using GOF with a single-mode structure and single mode-multimode-Singlemode (SMS) structure. Each system is given a variety of configurations, namely gamma, bowknot, and three loops configuration. Each arrangement is provided a variation of the indentation diameter in three displacement directions. The test results will be read as the power loss on the OTDR in dB units. The results obtained were then compared between two materials, two structures, and directions. Displacement resulting landslides and changes to the sensor, causing power losses, and affecting the characteristics of each sensor. We found the best measurement results with the sensitivity value of 0.241 dB/mm and the resolution value of 0.004 mm. The displacement sensor has been made for measuring landslide in the laboratory-scale simulation based on GOF and OTDR with easier fabrication, easy operation, high sensitivity, better resolution and can be connected to a computer

Testing of oil viscosity sensor based on plastic optical fiber by using bending angle variation method to enhance the sensor sensitivity. This sensor is made by forming an optical fiber bending angle, it is dipped into the oil viscosity liquid. The light transmitted through into the optical fiber will be received by the photodetector and the measurement results are displayed on the OPM in the form of output power. The best measurement obtained at the bending angle of 300 with value of sensor sensitivity is 1.013 nW/mPa.s. This method has the advantage of high sensitivity in a simple measurement process.

In this study, sensors to measure body temperature were made using a macro bending method based on plastic optical fiber. Fiber optic sensors are made to form a spiral configuration on variations in diameter and bend number. The body temperature sensors are mounted on the elastic cloth and placed on the armpit. The light from the LED transmitted into an optical fiber sensor is affected by body temperature, so there is power loss in the sensor. Power loss cause light intensity decreases received by the phototransistor and differential amplifier. The power loss of the sensor and temperature measurement results will be displayed on the computer through the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The range of temperature used is 28°C - 42°C. The best sensor characteristic obtains at the spiral configuration in a diameter of 0 cm with some bending four bends and a range value of 0.421 V, sensitivity of 30.071 mV/°C, and resolution of 0.033°C. Plastic optical fiber is very suitable to be used as body temperature sensors because it can enhance sensitivity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/ip r.v4i3.124 The research has measured the landslide using a displacement sensor based on Glass Optical Fiber (GOF) and Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR). The sensor manufacture process consists of various materials, structures, configurations, diameters, and directions. The sensor is made using GOF with a single-mode structure and single mode-multimode-Singlemode (SMS) structure. Each system is given a variety of configurations, namely gamma, bowknot, and three loops configuration. Each arrangement is provided a variation of the indentation diameter in three displacement directions. The test results will be read as the power loss on the OTDR in dB units. The results obtained were then compared between two materials, two structures, and directions. Displacement resulting landslides and changes to the sensor, causing power losses, and affecting the characteristics of each sensor. We found the best measurement results with the sensitivity value of 0.241 dB/mm and the resolution value of 0.004 mm. The displacement sensor has been made for measuring landslide in the laboratory-scale simulation based on GOF and OTDR with easier fabrication, easy operation, high sensitivity, better resolution and can be connected to a computer

The wave energy power generation-pendulum system (WEPG-PS) is a four-wheeled instrument designed to convert wave power into electric energy. The first wheel is connected to the pendulum by a double freewheel, the second and third are ordinary wheels, while the fourth is a converter component that is axially connected to the electric generator. This design used the Euler-Lagrange formalism and Runge-Kutta method to examine an ideal dimension and determine the numerical solution of the equation of motion related to the rotation speed of the wheels. The result showed that the WEPG-PS' converter system rotated properly when its mass, length, and moment of inertia are 10 kg, 2.0 m, and 0.25 kgm2, respectively. This is in addition to when the radius of the first, second, third, and fourth wheels are 0.5, 0.4, 0.2, and 0.01 m, with inertia values of 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, and 0.1 kgm2. The converter system has the ability to rotate the fourth wheel, which acts as the handle of an electric generator at an angular frequency of approximately 500 - 600 rad/s. The converter system is optimally rotated when driven by a minimum force of 5 N and maximum friction of 0.05. Therefore, the system is used to generate electricity at an amplitude of 0.3 - 0.61 m, 220 V with 50 Hz. Besides, the lower rotation speed and frequency of the energy converter of the WEPG-PS (300 rad/s) and induction generator (50 Hz) were able to generate electric power of 7.5 kW. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

Pico hydropower is a type of hydropower that can produce electric power under or equal to 5000 Watt. Consisting of one turbine to rotate one generator, it has been used in remote areas to provide for electricity supply. Although the system serves quite well, sometimes the necessity for electricity supply is larger than the system can supply. The solution would be to build two pico hydropower systems. However, the cost of such a solution will also double. In addition to that, the water source and landscape may not sustain more than one pico hydropower. An alternative solution that is being proposed to resolve the problem is by using one turbine to rotate two electric generators in a unity pico hydropower system. The objective of the study concerning the proposed solution is to obtain a configuration and dimension of the energy converter. They are sought by determining the equation of motion for energy converter which is configured in several wheels. The equation of motion, which is in differential form, is obtained using the Euler-Lagrange procedure in classical mechanics. Both configuration and dimension of energy converter are solved using numerical methods. The numerical method used in this study is the fourth-order of the Runge-Kutta method for analyzing some physical parameters i.e.: angular velocity of the energy converter, friction coefficient, driving force, radius and inertia of the wheels. By employing varying numbers in the computational process using the fourth-order of the Runge-Kutta method in Matlab, we seek that the pico hydropower system with ideal configuration and dimension of energy converter based on the radius of the wheels are configured as r 1> r 3>r 2>r 4>r 5=r 6. The configuration yield an optimum rotation of the coupled wheels (r 5 and r 6) as a representation of the electric generator’s axis although the thrust is assumed lower. The design expected to be a solution for optimizing a pico hydropower, especially in remote areas with lower water flow.

Abstract Plastic optical fiber (POF) content protein sensor has been developed. This sensor is made with a gamma and spiral configuration, with a cladding peel length of 5 cm. POF sensor is dipped into the container containing Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) solution with different concentrations of 0.1-1 mg/ml. Both ends of the sensor are connected by Light Emiting Diode (LED) and Phototransistor. The LED light will propagate through the POF and it is received by the phototransistor. Light that propagates will be interfenced due to increasing of protein concentration around the sensor, so that the output voltage will be affected. The output voltage will be forwarded to Arduino Uno and read by the computer. The best results were obtained in a spiral configuration with 3 bending with a sensitivity of 0.007 Vml/mg and a resolution of 0.142 mg/ml. This method has advantages that are easy fabrication, simple measurement process, and low cost.

The purpose of this study is to describe the risk anticipation strategy in facing flood as an action by local people particularly in the settlement area of Makassar suburbs. This is urgent to describe due that flood area is the densely populated area. This research used interviews, observation and literature study. Interviewing is for residents about their strategy in anticipating the risk of floods. Results of interviews that are mapped are based on the indicators of risk anticipating strategy. Observation technique is about the settlement condition before and after the flood. Literature study is about related theory and the same problem of this research for comparing each other. This study found that the residents as local people in risk anticipating flood as strategy, such as refuge to relatives and neighbors whose homes are free of the flood, store goods on higher ground, or tie to keep them from flood flowing, pet animals, preparing rubber tires for transportation.

In this research, we measured heart rate by using sensors based on plastic optical fiber. These sensors are made from fiber optic material with three configurations, i.e., straight, sinusoidal, and spiral. Each sensor configuration was tested and paired in three positions of the human body, i.e., hand, chest, and neck. Each configuration and pairing position were tested for fast, normal, and slow heart rate condition. The light from the LED will propagate along the optical fiber sensor. If the sensor detects the heart rates, the intensity of light in optical fiber will be disrupted and causing loss of power so the light intensity will be smaller, it can be detected by the phototransistor and then converted into an electric voltage. The best measurement obtained in spiral configuration mounted on the neck in a slow heart rate condition with a sensitivity value 0.00231 V.s−1 and a resolution 0.43203 s. This sensor has the advantage of easy fabrication, low cost, real-time measurement, high sensitivity, easy to operate and can be monitored via computer.

Research has been carried out about sensitivity enhancement of strain sensor based on polymer optical fiber used for concrete testing. Strain sensor testing was done by applying of pressure to the concrete using the Ultimate Testing Machine (UTM). Strain sensor was made from polymer optical fiber without coat with straight, U and rectangular configurations. At both ends of the sensor connected with Light Emitting Diode (LED), phototransistor and amplifier circuit that produces output value in the form of analog voltage that is converted by the Arduino Uno microcontroller into the digital voltage value displayed on the computer. The results showed that the greater the load given on the concrete, the greater the strain on the sensor, so that the output voltage read on the computer gets smaller. The best sensitivity value obtained at rectangular configuration with 3 cm amplitude is 0.117 V/cm with 0.008 cm resolution. Strain sensor in the concrete structures testing based on polymer optical fiber has advantages including low cost, simple measurement system, easy fabrication with high sensitivity.?

Abstract Testing of sensor based on plastic optical fiber can be applied to analyze the effect of temperature changes on the measurement of oil viscosity. This measurement uses gamma configuration at length of 3 cm peel on a plastic optical fiber sensor with cladding and without cladding. Testing of sensor on measurement of oil viscosity is using a microcontroller to determine the effect of temperature on the sensor output voltage. The output voltage of the differential amplifier in the form of an analog signal converted to a digital signal by the microcontroller and displayed on the computer. The output voltage increases with the increase of temperature changes occurring in the oil sample. The best results were obtained on sensor without cladding with the value 4.85 mV/°C. Measurement of the effect of temperature changes on oil viscosity based on plastic optical fiber sensor has advantages such as simple measurement system, low cost, easy fabrication and can be connected to computer.

Plastic optical fiber testing as a sensor can be applied in pH measurement using loop configuration. It was made of a plastic optical fiber material with two types of peel, namely with cladding and without cladding. Sensor testing was done by dipping the sensor into buffer solutions with varying pH values. The light intensity from the LED will experience power losses due to the effect of adding the solution refractive index around the sensor, so the phototransistor will receive smaller the light intensity. Changes of light intensity in the optical fiber causes the output voltage read on the microcontroller and the computer decreases. The best measurement was obtained at sensor type of without cladding 4 loops with sensitivity 0.035 V/pH and resolution 0.029 pH. Aplication of plastic optical fiber as sensor for pH measurement has advantages such as low cost, real time, high sensitivity, accurate and simple measurement.

Plastic optical fiber (POF) used as sensors to detect cracks in concrete structures. Sensors made using straight, sinusoidal, loop, and triangle configurations. The POF connected to LED light source and photodetector. The light from LED will propagate along the embedded POF in the concrete then received by the photodetector and measured using by Optical Power Meter in the form of output power displayed on the computer. Sensor testing is done by putting pressure on the concrete using the Ultimate Testing Machine until a crack occurs causing the POF in the concrete to experience strain. The strain of the POF sensor will cause power losses, so the light intensity received by the photodetector will be decreased. The best measurements obtained at triangle configuration sensors 60 degrees have characteristics with a range value of 1.975 mu W, the sensitivity of 0.790 mu W/cm and a resolution of 0.001 cm. Sensors based on POF for measurement of cracks in concrete structures have the advantages like easy fabrication, low cost, simple measurement system, and high sensitivity.

This research discusses the polymer optical fiber sensor for respiratory measurements. The infrared LED that produces light will propagate along the polymer optical fiber which will be received by the phototransistor and the differential amplifier. The output voltage in the form of an analog signal will be converted to a digital signal by the Arduino Uno microcontroller and displayed on the computer. The polymer optical fiber sensor is installed on the corset using a variety of configuration (straight, sinusoidal, and spiral), placed in the abdomen, and a variety of positions (abdomen, chest, and back) using only a spiral configuration. While doing the inspiration, the stomach will be enlarged so that the optical fiber sensor will have strain. The strain will cause loss of power, the resulting light intensities received by the phototransistor are reduced, and the output voltage on the computer decreases. The result shows that the highest voltage amplitudes were in the spiral configuration placed in the abdominal position for slow respiration measurements with the highest range, sensitivity, and resolution which are 0.119 V, 0.238 V/s, and 0.004 s, respectively. The advantages of our work are emphasized on measurement system simplicity, low cost, easy fabrication, and handy operation and can be connected with the Arduino Uno microcontroller and computer.