BACKGROUND:Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries, with overall incidence increasing, particularly high-grade disease. There is sparse information regarding quality of life (QOL) in EC survivors with a focus on grade of disease. METHODS:A total of 259 women with EC diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 were identified via the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System and consented to enroll in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors cohort study (if African American, n = 138) or completed the baseline interview (if non-Hispanic white, n = 121). Each respondent provided information about their health history, educational attainment, health behaviors, and demographics. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and Endometrial-specific (FACT-En) were used to assess QOL. RESULTS:Women diagnosed with high-grade (n = 112) and low-grade (n = 147) EC participated in this study. EC survivors with high-grade disease reported significantly lower QOL compared to survivors with low-grade disease (85 vs. 91, respectively, p value = 0.025) as assessed by the FACT-G. This difference was driven by lower physical and functional subscales among women with high-grade disease compared to those with low-grade disease (p value = 0.016 and p = 0.028, respectively). Interestingly, EC-specific QOL measures, as assessed by the FACT-En, did not differ by grade. CONCLUSION:Grade of disease impacts QOL in EC survivors, as well as socioeconomic, psychological, and physical factors. Most of these factors are amenable to interventions and should be assessed in patients after an EC diagnosis.

Only rarely does a new treatment offer a real sea change. An example in the field of neonatology is the use of exogenous surfactant for hyaline membrane disease.1 For the eye, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs may be the therapeutic advance of our time, revolutionising the treatment of vasoproliferative retinopathies including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. In his informative editorial, Sears suggests that anti-VEGF therapy may play a similar role in retinopathy of prematurity.2 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease, and it is therefore not surprising that there is increasing enthusiasm for anti-VEGF drugs.3 4 …

AIM:To determine whether there has been a consistent change across countries and healthcare systems in the frequency of strabismus surgery in children over the past decade.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of data on all strabismus surgery performed in NHS hospitals in England and Wales, on children aged 0-16 years between 1989 and 2000, and between 1994 and 2000 in Ontario (Canada) hospitals. These were compared with published data for Scotland, 1989-2000.RESULTS:Between 1989 and 1999-2000 the number of strabismus procedures performed on children, 0-16 years, in England decreased by 41.2% from 15 083 to 8869. Combined medial rectus recession with lateral rectus resection decreased from 5538 to 3013 (45.6%) in the same period. Bimedial recessions increased from 489 to 762, oblique tenotomies from 43 to 121, and the use of adjustable sutures from 29 to 44, in 2000. In Ontario, operations for squint decreased from 2280 to 1685 (26.1%) among 0-16 year olds between 1994 and 2000.CONCLUSION:The clinical impression of decrease in the frequency of paediatric strabismus surgery is confirmed. In the authors' opinion this cannot be fully explained by a decrease in births or by the method of healthcare funding. Two factors that might have contributed are better conservative strabismus management and increased subspecialisation that has improved the quality of surgery and the need for re-operation. This finding has a significant impact upon surgical services and also on the training of ophthalmologists.

Objective. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially avoidable cause of blindness in children. The proportion of blindness as a result of ROP varies greatly among countries depending on their level of development, being influenced by the availability of neonatal care, neonatal outcomes, and whether effective screening and treatment programs are in place. The objective of this study was to compare characteristics of premature infants who developed severe ROP between 1996 and 2002 in highly developed countries with less developed countries. Methods. This was an observational study. A questionnaire was completed by ophthalmologists in countries with low, moderate, and high development rankings (3 highly developed countries and from 10 less well-developed countries) who screen for ROP in which they supplied birth weights and gestational ages (GAs) of infants who were treated for threshold ROP or identified with more advanced stages of the disease. Birth weights and GAs of infants with severe ROP were measured. Results. The mean birth weights of infants from highly developed countries ranged from 737 to 763 g compared with values ranging from 903 to 1527 g in less developed countries. Mean GAs of infants from highly developed countries ranged from 25.3 to 25.6 weeks compared with 26.3 to 33.5 weeks in less developed countries. A total of 13.0% of 1091 infants from poorly developed countries exceeded United Kingdom screening criteria; 3.6% exceeded a criteria of <34 weeks’ GA and/or <1750 g birth weight. Conclusions. These findings suggest that larger, more mature infants are developing severe ROP in countries with low/moderate levels of development compared with highly developed countries. ROP screening programs need to use criteria that are appropriate for their local population.

Conference Abstract| April 01 2003 Dose-Response Functions for Occlusion Treatment of Amblyopia Catherine E Stewart; Catherine E Stewart 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Merrick Moseley; Merrick Moseley 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Alistair Fielder; Alistair Fielder 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar David Stephens David Stephens 2 Department of Mathematics, Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (2003) 104 (s49): 62P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs104062Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Catherine E Stewart, Merrick Moseley, Alistair Fielder, David Stephens; Dose-Response Functions for Occlusion Treatment of Amblyopia. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 April 2003; 104 (s49): 62P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs104062Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2003 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society2003 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Aims To determine what systems are in place within ophthalmic services for the assessment and management of children suspected of having amblyopia and strabismus. To find out what methods are used for the assessment of these children. Methods A questionnaire-based study auditing 288 orthoptic departments in the UK. Results Responses were received from 75% orthoptic departments. Most hospitals employ more than one system for the assessment of strabismus and amblyopia, which is generally dependent on route of referral. These include ‘orthoptic assessment without refraction’ (66%), ‘combined orthoptist and ophthalmologist assessment’ (66%), while 22% have an entirely orthoptist/optometric system. Ophthalmologists are involved in the initial assessment in 145 units (67%), whereas some units involve an ophthalmologist only if response to treatment is poor (15%), or if surgery is required (6%). Fourteen per cent of units reviewed all children, with discharge criteria being based on normal visual acuity (52%), accurate visual acuity (39%) and a normal orthoptic assessment (42%). Seventy-six per cent of units review some children, commonly as a result of family history (55%), parental concern (43%), poor co-operation (30%) and young age (72%). In the absence of squint or amblyopia children are discharged at the first visit, in only 8% of units. There is considerable variation in the tests used to assess visual acuity. LogMAR-based tests (eg EDTRS) are not routinely used in 75% of units. Conclusion Different systems exist for the assessment and management of squint and amblyopia across the country. While much of this variation is to be expected given their possible aetiologies, some could be reduced to produce a more cohesive service. There is also considerable scope for rationalising the tests used to screen infants and children for amblyopia and strabismus.

Amblyopia is a visual deficit in which the retina appears normal. It is typically associated with strabismus and/or a refractive error, or an ocular opacity, all of which probably act by impeding visual development at a cortical level. Although the causal relations in amblyogenesis are not completely understood, a fundamental principle of treatment is that therapy can be effective only when the visual system is sufficiently plastic for cortical modification to occur. This epoch–the sensitive, or critical period of visual development–is age defined and thought to end at around 7 years. 1 Von Noorden GK Crawford MLJ The sensitive period. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1979; 99: 442-446 PubMed Google Scholar This tenet underpins the design of preschool vision-screening programmes, so that, at least in the UK, 2 Report of the Children's Sub-group of the National Screening Committee. Department of Health, London2000 Google Scholar all children at risk are identified at the latest by 5 years of age (ie, within this window of therapeutic opportunity). Once diagnosed, amblyopia is generally treated by occlusion therapy (patching of the fellow eye), which most clinicians believe to be effective (but disputed in a recent systematic review 3 Snowdon SH, Stewart-Brown SL. Preschool vision screening: results of a systematic review. CRD Report 9. York: NHS Centre for Reviews & Dissemination. Google Scholar ).

Visual–perceptual, attentional, and visual–motor skills were examined in a group of 16 school-age children, born at 27–32 gestational weeks, who had performed normally on pediatric screening tests. Compared with 16 matched full-term controls, the preterms performed poorly on only two measures: they took longer to point to the missing arc of an annulus displayed on a computer screen and failed to find targets more often in a complex visual search task. They showed no deficits on tests of visual form extraction and closure. These data suggest that in the absence of any disability that is clinically detectable, prematurity results in a cluster of small but significant visual–motor impairments that persist into middle childhood. These relate to the maintenance of attention and visual–motor coordination, though visual form perception is not measurably affected. The results are discussed in the context of current neurobiological models of visual system organization.

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary disorder characterized by an abnormality of the peripheral retina. Both autosomal dominant (adFEVR) and X-linked (XLFEVR) forms have been described, but the biochemical defect(s) underlying the symptoms are unknown. Molecular analysis of the Norrie gene locus (NDP) in a four generation FEVR family (shown previously to exhibit linkage to the X-chromosome markers DXS228 and MAOA (Xp11.4-p11.3)) reveals a missense mutation in the highly conserved region of the NDP gene, which caused a neutral amino acid substitution (Leu124Phe), was detected in all of the affected males, but not in the unaffected family members, nor in normal controls. The observations suggest that phenotypes of both XLFEVR and Norrie disease can result from mutations in the same gene.

Acta PaediatricaVolume 82, Issue s385 p. 1042-1042 Eye protection during phototherapy Merrick Moseley, Merrick Moseley Department of Ophthalmnpathy. Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital, Church Street. Birmingham B3 ZNS, UK.Search for more papers by this authorAlistnir Fielder, Alistnir Fielder Department of Ophthalmnpathy. Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital, Church Street. Birmingham B3 ZNS, UK.Search for more papers by this author Merrick Moseley, Merrick Moseley Department of Ophthalmnpathy. Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital, Church Street. Birmingham B3 ZNS, UK.Search for more papers by this authorAlistnir Fielder, Alistnir Fielder Department of Ophthalmnpathy. Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital, Church Street. Birmingham B3 ZNS, UK.Search for more papers by this author First published: January 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12807.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume82, Issues385January 1993Pages 1042-1042 RelatedInformation

Light transmission characteristics of the human adult and neonatal eyelid were measured in vivo. Light was delivered via a grating monochromator through a fibre-optic mounted onto a contact lens placed under the eyelid, and detected using a photodiode on its external skin surface. Data from 5 adult and 9 preterm neonatal subjects indicate that the eyelid acts as a predominantly red-pass filter, with mean transmissions at 700 nm of 14.5% in the adult and 21.4% in the neonate, declining to less-than-or-equal-to 3% in both groups below 580 nm. The relevance of this data to clinical electrophysiology and to estimates of retinal irradiance is discussed.

Thirty-three full-term infants and thirty-eight preterm infants (on average born at 30 weeks gestation) were tested for their latency to turn toward checkered stimulus patterns (phasic orienting or “attention-getting”) and for the duration of their initial fixation (tonic orienting or “attention-holding”). Plotted against the logarithm of the subjects' postconceptional age, turning latency fell linearly between 36 and 120 weeks, while fixation time fell abruptly at 53 weeks. Preterm and full-term infants showed the same developmental trends, implying that both of these attentional behaviors are biologically timetabled and that neither is greatly affected by premature extrauterine experience. Unexpectedly, phasic orientation in the first 30 postnatal days was significantly faster in preterm than in full-term infants, and fixation times failed to differ. Despite the necessary functional integration of phasic and tonic orienting in mature visual scanning and attention, the present results suggest an independence in their early postnatal development and that neither is mature at birth.

The interaction of auditory and visual modalities in the enhancement of orientation was examined in premature and near-term infants by presenting them auditory or visual stimuli or auditory-visual stimulus combinations at various positions in sensory space. In 4.5–15-mo.-olds, brisk orienting responses could be elicited to very peripheral stimulus positions but only when the stimulus consisted of a spatially coherent auditory-visual combination (i.e., where a sound and a light occurred at the same point in space). This occurred for all infants, irrespective of age or gestational age at birth. First, the result shows that infants can respond to visual stimuli at eccentric positions, beyond the supposed limits of their effective visual fields as measured by standard perimetry. Second, the result extends earlier studies showing that intersensory integration and stimulus localisation develop relatively normally in prematurely born infants. The auditory-visual enhancement test as used here may have a number of further uses and applications in the clinic and laboratory.