The uniqueness of the properties of silicon–carbon and silicon–metal–carbon films, which are representatives of the nanocrystalline and amorphous classes of carbon allotropes, leads to a wide range of areas of their possible applications. In this study, the dynamics of the development of technologies for obtaining and expanding the areas of application of silicon–carbon and silicon–metal–carbon films is analyzed. Thus, the elasticity, the mechanical strength (1500–3000 kg/mm2), and the chemical stability of films ensure the effectiveness of their applications as passivating coatings. Thermal conductivity and a high emissivity factor (0.8), high elastic-modulus values (9 × 1011 N/m2), the high resistivity of silicon–carbon films (105–108 Ohm cm), and their transparency to electromagnetic radiation (up to frequencies of several tens of gigahertz) allow them to be used in broadband radio-frequency devices as moveable elements (beams, bridges, membranes) of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches and varactors. The thermal resistance (up to 600°C in an open system), the rather high electrical conductivity (the specific resistance is 10–5 Ohm cm), and the high emissivity of the films make it possible to form silicon–metal–carbon films based on heating-type broadband radiators with a radiation spectrum depending on the film temperature in the range of 2–14 μm. Phase transformations of the amorphous silicon–carbon film into a graphene film, which are carried out by means of high-temperature annealing in vacuum in the presence of a catalyst, allow the formation on this basis of control electrodes with low grid current losses (no more than 5

The results of calculations of electric fields, potentials, and trajectories of photoelectrons calculations of single-channel dual-spectral thermal imager, implemented in the IIT architecture are presented. The values of the optimal potentials on the control electrodes (microchannel plate, reading electrode, and photocathode) that form a picture of the images of objects and ensure the correct reading of the potential relief from the surface of the sensor-converter pyroelectric film of the image thermal receiver under discussion are determined.

A single-channel, two-spectral image receiver of objects emitting in UV radiation, made in the image intensifier tube architecture, was proposed and investigated. With the help of the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, search optimal measurements of the potential on the elements of the image receiver (silicon membrane, germanium and diamond photocathode, MCP input and output sensors) were implemented, which provides the possibility of registering and presence of UV objects in relation to the terrain. Keywords: image intensifier tube, diamond photocathode, germanium photocathode, ultraviolet radiation, object imager, photoelectron emission, secondary electron emission.

The design and operation of a cascade matrix electron flow amplifier based on an electron concentrator multiplier is considered. Unlike classical microchannel plates, the proposed amplifier can provide a high density of output current, which also allows it to be used as a field cathode in vacuum microelectronics of giga and terahertz ranges.

The design and operation of a cascade matrix electron flow amplifier based on an electron concentrator multiplier is considered. Unlike classical microchannel plates, the proposed amplifier can provide a high density of output current, which also allows it to be used as a field cathode in vacuum microelectronics of giga and terahertz ranges. Keywords: Microchannel plate, secondary emission, screening, electron concentrator multiplier, field cathode.

An innovative design of thermal imaging is considered. The results of analysis and calculations of the characteristics of a thermal image receiver (3–15 μm), made in the electron-optical converter architecture, are presented. The spatial dependences of the spontaneous polarization the electric field strengths and the electric potentials on the surface of pyroelectric film are calculated. The characteristics of thermal-field-induced polarization of various pyroelectric films are obtained. The temperature dependences of various pyroelectric films polarizations are calculated by the COMSOL Multiphysics software package based on the finite element method. The possible influences of the piezoelectric effect to the images of the distribution of electric potentials of pyroelectric films are taken into account. The estimates of the values of the main characteristics of the image intensifier tube architecture are obtained.

An innovative design is considered, and the results of analysis and calculations of the characteristics of a thermal image receiver (3-15 microns), made in the electron-optical converter architecture, are presented. For the sensor-converting pyroelectric unit of the electron-optical converter, the spatial dependences of the electric field strengths and the values of the electric potentials on the spontaneous polarization of the film substance are calculated. Estimates are obtained and the characteristics of thermal-field-induced polarization of various pyroelectric films are discussed. The temperature dependences of the polarization characteristics of a number of pyroelectric films are calculated using the finite element method in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. Possible contributions of the piezoelectric effect to the picture of the distribution of electric potentials from the thermal polarization of pyroelectric films are taken into account. Estimates are obtained for the limiting values of the main instrument characteristics of the electron-optical converter.

The results of calculations of electric fields, potentials, and trajectories of photoelectrons of the reading node of the receiver of images of thermal objects with the electron-optical converter architecture are presented. The values of the optimal potentials on the control electrodes (microchannel plate, reading electrode, and photocathode) that form a picture of the images of objects and ensure the correct reading of the potential relief from the surface of the sensor-converter pyroelectric film of the image receiver under discussion are determined

An innovative design is considered, and the results of analysis and calculations of the characteristics of a thermal image receiver (3-15 microns), made in the electron-optical converter architecture, are presented. For the sensor-converting pyroelectric unit of the electron-optical converter, the spatial dependences of the electric field strengths and the values of the electric potentials on the spontaneous polarization of the film substance are calculated. Estimates are obtained and the characteristics of thermal-field-induced polarization of various pyroelectric films are discussed. The temperature dependences of the polarization characteristics of a number of pyroelectric films are calculated using the finite element method in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. Possible contributions of the piezoelectric effect to the picture of the distribution of electric potentials from the thermal polarization of pyroelectric films are taken into account. Estimates are obtained for the limiting values of the main instrument characteristics of the electron-optical converter. Keywords: the electron-optical converter, spontaneous polarization, pyroelectric, bolometric thermal imagers, pyroelectric thermal imagers.

A single-channel, two-spectral reception of images of objects emitting in UV radiation, made in the architecture of an electron-optical conversion (EOC), was proposed and investigated. With the help of the COMSOL Multiphysics package, search optimal measurements of the potential on the elements of the image receiver (silicon membrane, germanium and diffuse photocathode, MCP input and output sensors) were implemented, which provides the possibility of registering and presence of UV objects in relation to the terrain.

The results of investigations of solar-blind image converter tubes (ICTs), sensitive in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) spectral range are presented. Sensitive-conversion layers of photocathodes based on boron-doped polycrystalline diamond films were grown up on sapphire substrates for the first time. Electron flow multipliers (EFMs) were fabricated in the form of diamond grid. Solar-blind VUV ICTs without the EFM are characterized by spectral sensitivity range of 180...250 nm, estimate of the threshold sensitivity value -10-9 W/Hz0.5 and current sensitivity -12 - 15 mA/W. Solar-blind VUV ICTs comprising the electron flow multipliers are characterized by extended spectral sensitivity range of 180...270 nm, improved estimate of the threshold sensitivity value 10-11... 5 x 10-12 W/Hz 0.5 and current sensitivity 50 mA/W.

Ultraviolet solar-blind electron-optical converters with photocathode sensor layers made of polycrystalline boron-doped diamond films, which were for the first time grown on sapphire, are studied. The spectral sensitivity range of the obtained converters is 180–250 nm, the threshold sensitivity without the electron flux multiplier is no worse than ∼10–9 W/Hz0.5, and the spectral sensitivity is 12–15 mA/W.

The use of diamond photocathodes and electron flow multipliers in high-frequency vacuum micro- and nanoelectronics is discussed. Vacuum microtriode (microtube) and electron gun for integrated travelling-wave tube amplifiers are considered as the main devices of this kind.

The use of diamond photocathodes and electron flow amplifiers in high-frequency vacuum micro and nanoelectronics is analyzed. The main devices are a vacuum microtriode and an electron gun for an integral traveling wave tube.

The transparency of graphene membranes for electrons with energies in the range from 5 to 50 eV has been studied with a view to using graphene as an electrode stimulating field-induced emission in microand nanoelectronic devices. The behavior of electrons reflected from a membrane was analyzed with allowance for their return under the action of a retarding electric field. Low-energy electrons were represented by photoelectrons emitted from a diamond photocathode under the action of vacuum ultraviolet radiation.

AbstractThe transparency of graphene membranes for electrons with energies in the range from 5 to 50 eV has been studied with a view to using graphene as an electrode stimulating field-induced emission in microand nanoelectronic devices. The behavior of electrons reflected from a membrane was analyzed with allowance for their return under the action of a retarding electric field. Low-energy electrons were represented by photoelectrons emitted from a diamond photocathode under the action of vacuum ultraviolet radiation.

Silicon-diamond heterostructure based field emission media with silicon microtip arrays at the heterointerface were proposed and experimentally studied. The architecture of the heterostructures is optimized for the applications as an active medium for the field emission cathodes of mobile power microwave devices.

A photoemissive “solar-blind” cell of a vacuum ultraviolet detector array for the 50–225 nm wavelength range is described. The cell is a cavity in the shape of frustum of a pyramid in a silicon wafer, the walls of which are coated by polycrystalline diamond film acting the part of a photosensitive cathode. The design of the cell allows one to manage the work of the detector in the “pass through” mode; i.e., photons fall to one side of the wafer, and photoelectrons release from its opposite side. Estimation of photosensitivity of the cell gives a value of about ten photons.

Рассматривается "слепая" к солнечному излучению фотоэмиссионная ячейка матричного приемника вакуумного ультрафиолета для диапазона длин волн 50-225 nm. Ячейка представляет в кремниевой пластине полость в форме усеченной пирамиды, стенки которой покрыты поликристаллической алмазной пленкой, играющей роль фоточувствительного катода. Конструкция ячейки позволяет организовать работу приемника "на прострел", т. е. фотоны падают на одну сторону пластины, а фотоэлектроны выходят с другой ее стороны. Оценка фоточувствительности ячейки дает величину на уровне десятка фотонов. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.07.44468.16596