Urolithiasis remains a significant global health concern, particularly struvite stone formation associated with urinary tract infections and impaired renal function. The present study reports an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Eclipta prostrata leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation of copper nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–Visible spectroscopy through a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band at 256 nm. Functional groups responsible for reduction and capping were identified using FT-IR spectroscopy. XRD and SEM analyses revealed the crystalline and spherical nature of the synthesized nanoparticles, while EDAX confirmed elemental composition and purity. The synthesized copper nanoparticles exhibited significant inhibitory activity against struvite crystal growth, with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 88.3%. FT-IR analysis of harvested crystals indicated peak shifts confirming interaction between phytoconstituents and struvite components.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts has emerged as an economical, sustainable, and environmentally benign alternative to conventional physical and chemical methods. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Terminalia chebula bark extract through a rapid microwave-assisted approach. The formation of nanoparticles was initially confirmed by a visible color change to brown, indicating the reduction of Ag⁺ ions. UV–Visible spectroscopy exhibited a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm, confirming AgNP formation. FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of phytochemical constituents acting as reducing and stabilizing agents, while EDAX analysis confirmed elemental silver with a weight percentage of 53.43%. The biosynthesized nanoparticles demonstrated notable biological activities, including antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans. In addition, cytotoxicity evaluated by MTT assay on the HeLa cervical cancer cell line showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, with an IC₅₀ value of 55.20 µg/mL. These findings suggest that T. chebula–mediated AgNPs possess significant biomedical potential and may serve as promising candidates for antimicrobial and anticancer applications.

The present study concentrates on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from methanol bark extract of Bougainvillea glabra. The phytocomponents’ presence causes the metal ions to be reduced and the silver nanoparticles to become stabilized. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was characterized by UV-Visible, DLS TEM and X-ray diffraction analysis. TEM and XRD study showed that the particles are crystalline in nature with face centred cubic geometry. EDX analysis shows the presence of silver element. In the present study, Bougainvillea glabra mediated silver nanoparticles were studied using an in vitro model for alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition. Antioxidant activity was also examined by using free radical scavenging method while compared to standard acarbose. The BG-AgNps exhibits considerable inhibitory effects against 70.85% α-amylase and 78.04% α-glucosidase at a 100 μg/ml concentration respectively. Therefore, BG-AgNps have enriched herbal antidiabetic and antioxidant compounds and will have capacity for controlling diabetes mellitus.

A potential endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), Bisphenol A (BPA), has a detrimental effect on the health of humans and the environment. BPA is a plasticizer that is found in metal food packaging, plastic water vessels, and canned beverages. Consequently, it is imperative to create a BPA detection technology that is both highly sensitive and efficient, as well as practical. In this study, we present the facile synthesis of MoS2 and MoS2-doped rGO nanoparticles, which are produced through a hydrothermal method, and their application in BPA sensing. A remarkable BPA detection instrument has been generated by the synthesized nanoparticles. Physicochemical methods, including XRD, SEM, EDAX, and FTIR, have been employed to examine the form and composition of MoS2 and MoS2-rGO nanoparticles. MoS2 and MoS2-rGO nanomaterials were employed to identify BPA using electrochemical methods, including Cyclic Voltammetry. A straightforward drop-casting procedure is employed to encapsulate both synthesized materials in GCE. This method has the potential to provide novel opportunities for the electrochemical detection of BPA in practical environments.

This work describes the advanced oxidation of Congo red (CR) and nigrosine (NI) using dimethyl dioxirane as an oxidizing agent. Nigrosine dye is a mixture of fake dark colors (CI 50415, Solvent dark 5) made by warming a mixture of aniline, nitrobenzene, and aniline hydrochloride in a copper or iron-like atmosphere. The effects of a number of factors, including the pH, initial dye concentration, and oxidizing agent concentration, have been studied. The dimethyl dioxirane was used to investigate the degradation of CR and NI dyes at room temperature. The effects of pH, an oxidizing agent, and the initial dye concentration were studied with respect to the degradation efficiency of CR and NI. Using UV-visible spectroscopy, the absorbance of CR and NI dyes was determined both before and after degradation. Utilizing FT-IR spectroscopy, it was possible to compare the functional group that existed in the dyes before and after degradation. This work could also be expanded to include the decolorization of industrial effluents that contain dyes as significant contaminants.

Composite structural members are recently used in major buildings since it possesses considerable load-carrying capacity and notable resistance toward fire and seismic forces. Steel concrete composite systems for structures are composed of concrete that interact with steel sections with the same system. This method is considered as a replacement for conventional method of construction. In a composite member, the steel section and concrete would oppose the extrinsic loading by its action of bonding and abrasion. The concrete encased around or infilled inside the steel specimen used is correlated that the merits of both materials are successfully used in the composite member. Encased columns are formed by I sections or built-up steel sections surrounded by concrete. Their integral behavior provides sufficient strength and stability to the structural system. This paper includes the review of the research work conducted on the buckling effects of encased column, concrete confinement, fire resistance, ductility behavior, and strength of encased column.

The aim of this study was to isolate the active flavonoid component found in the entire Andrographis echioides plant. The isolation of flavonoids from a plant component was investigated using a methanolic extract from the leaves of A.echioides. The presence of flavonoid components in methanol extract was identified by phytochemical studies. TLC and column chromatography were used to purify the flavonoid component that had been isolated. UV-Visible, FT-IR, C13, H1NMR and Mass spectroscopy were used to characterize the structures of the isolated compounds. As a result, the isolated molecule was named 9-methoxy-6a, 11a-dihydro-6H-benzofuro [3, 2-C chromen-3-ol] i.e. medicarpin. For the isolated flavonoid found in this plant, additional biological research is required. Flavonoids are a unique group of secondary metabolites found in plants that have been utilized as traditional remedies with scientifically confirmed pharmacological advantages. They support a wide range of medical actions that could lead to unique and potentially therapeutic findings in drug development. Recent study has focused on flavonoids functional activity as antioxidants in the presence of oxidative stress.

Chemical and electrochemical methods have synthesized ferric thiocyanate.First, Fe 2+ was isolated from Tectona grandis and then oxidized by air to form Fe 3+ ferric iron.Then it was compared to ammonium thiocyanate to make blood-red ferric thiocyanate.It was characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy.The blood red solution is prepared by chemical method.The electrochemical method should only have one peak in the low wavelength region.Characterized the fluorescence absorption spectrum of the same chemical and electrochemical solutions.In the chemical method, the peaks appeared at 450 nm, 525 nm and 610 nm.Peaks appeared at 420 nm, 490 nm and 540 nm in the electrochemical method.The two samples were then characterized using FTIR spectra.The peaks of the two spectra matched each other exactly.In EDAX, two samples were observed from the bar diagram and the weight percentage of the elements present.The elements presented in the chemical method and electrochemical method were similar.SEM determined the particle size.In the chemical method, the particle size was 84.41 nm.In the electrochemical method, the particle size was 31.32nm,47.08 nm and 39.23nm.The size of the ferric thiocyanate nanoparticle prepared by an electrochemical method was smaller than that chemical method.The electrochemical method produced spherical nanoparticles, whereas the chemical method produced wire-like nanoparticles.This research on nanoparticles is being used to find ways to improve drugs and make things less likely to rust.

Methyl Violet (MV), a triphenylmethane dye, has been subjected to comparative studies with hydrogen peroxide and dimethyl dioxirane under optimum situations. When employing hydrogen peroxide, the photolysis process becomes slower, but the dye solutions are entirely decolored and mineralized. The decolorization rate exhibits pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effect of pH, oxidant dosage, and methyl violet concentration on the degradation is also examined. Generated o-leucoaniline,1,3-diphenylurea,2-hydroxy benzoic acid, phenol, acetone, water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide are identified and measured by GC-MS analysis. These substances remain in the dye solution along with dimethyl dioxirane, which is released faster during the last stages of degradation. The degradation rates of methyl violet reached 97.9% and 65.8% within 30 mins and 180 min of reaction time using dimethyl dioxirane and hydrogen peroxide.

In the modern era, the major health issue is cancer. Cancer is one of the second- deadliest death-causing diseases worldwide. Graphene is a carbon-based material that has drawn a great deal of attention because of its eccentric chemical and physical properties. Moreover, graphene can be transformed into graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, depending on its application. Chemical reduction of graphene oxide was associated with toxic and harmful reducing compounds; hence, the green, efficient and cost-effective approach for graphene synthesis is using plant extract. In this contemporary study, the reduced graphene oxide can be synthesized from Asparagus racemosus root extract, involving anti-cancer activity. The reduced graphene oxide was characterized from UV-Visible, FT-IR, SEM and XRD. The size and shape of the synthesized reduced graphene oxide were confirmed from SEM studies. The anti-cancer activity showed a strong cytotoxic effect on the tested cell line.

Investigations on the effectiveness and inhibitory activity of the isolated flavonoid (Rutin) from Spermacoce hispida plants against corrosion of metal in a 1M HCl acidic solution include mass loss analysis, potentiostatic curves, and electrochemical methods. Plant extracts have been found to exhibit excellent inhibitory properties against corrosion of metals in different environments. The base metal's ability to stop corrosion improves when the green inhibitor is absorbed, and the rate of steel corrosion decreases. According to weight loss measurements, the highest corrosion inhibition efficacy is 87.99%. The electrochemical impedance study revealed that when the rutin concentration in S. hispida leaves increased, the IE value rose along with the Rct and Cdl values. As a consequence of adsorption, this pure flavonoid extract binds to the metal surface, with the adsorption kinetics being characterized by the Langmuir isotherm. According to the findings of this study, the extracted flavonoid from S. hispida leaf extract seems to be a powerful and environmentally benign basic metal inhibitor in an acid medium.

A new composite Phase change material (PCM) was fabricated by adding 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 wt% CuO nanoparticles (NPs) into lauric acid, separately. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphological structures of as-prepared nanoparticles, and XRD analysis was used to characterize their crystalline structure. The phase change properties (phase change temperatures and latent heats) of lauric acid and composite PCMs were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Using a laser flash analyzer (LFA), the thermal conductivity enhancement of the composite PCMs was evaluated. The thermal reliability analysis was implemented to ascertain the results of the composite PCMs over long periods.

The metal (II) complexes of picolinic acid are prepared in non- aqueous medium and its complexes are characterized by spectral studies (Infra-red spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and ESR spectroscopy), conductance, magnetic susceptibility and thermal analysis. On heating, the complexes decompose at temperature above 260C. It revealed that all the complexes were stable. The FT-IR evidenced the C=O, C=N, O-H, C=C, and M-O functionalities of all the metal complexes along with corresponding ligands. Thermogravimetric study showed that there is no water molecule in the complexes. The electrochemical behavior of all metal complexes was investigated. From the electronic spectra the geometries of cobalt, nickel and copper is found to be Octahedral, Octahedral, and Distorted octahedral respectively. The complexes of the ligand are evaluated for anti-microbial activity hostile to fungal and bacterial strains. The nickel (II) complex reveals excellent inhibition again the selected four bacterial strains compare with other complexes.