Facies and tectono-stratigraphic models for the tidally influenced Miocene Nukhul Formation are presented, based on outcrop data from Hammam Faraun fault block, Suez Rift, Egypt. Deposits of the Nukhul Formation are attributed to two linked depositional settings, offshore to shoreface and estuary settings, and were deposited during initial stages of rifting in hanging-wall depocenters of early-formed propagating fault segments. The offshore to shoreface deposits consist of variably bioturbated mudstones that pass gradationally upward to bioturbated bioclastic sandstones. The more landward estuary deposits can be separated into a tripartite division of estuary mouth, estuary funnel with bayhead delta, and upper estuary channel deposits. Estuarine processes generated a complex intercalation of lithologies, with both gradational and sharp facies transitions. In the estuary deposits, tidal ravinement surfaces are typically characterized by mudstones of the estuary-funnel association below, passing abruptly up to erosionally based estuary mouth sandstones. Maximum flooding surfaces are expressed by an abrupt erosional contact separating estuary-mouth sandstones below and estuary-funnel mudstones above.Stratigraphic development was strongly influenced by the evolving early-rift structure. Depocenters were narrow (2-5 km wide) and elongate (< 10 km long) parallel to the strike of normal-fault segments. The shoreface shoal prevented wave energy in the estuary and increased the relative influence of tidal currents. The elongate, fault-controlled geometry of the depocenters confined the bayhead delta and further enhanced tidal influence. Stratal geometry reflects deformation associated with low-relief growth folds and surface-breaking faults that, together, formed part of an evolving fault array. This basin configuration and associated Nukhul stratigraphy is markedly different to tectono-stratigraphic models for crustal-scale tilted fault blocks that are applicable from late stages of rifting.

A design is presented and computer-simulated for high-mobility Si/SiGe heterojunction CMOS transistors. Comparing 0.2 /spl mu/m Si/SiGe FETs to bulk Si FETs, an increase is predicted in current drive of 125% and 23% in the p-FET and n-FET, respectively. For given propagation delay (55 ns), simulated loaded ring oscillators at 1.5 V exhibit 4.6 times reduction in power-delay-product compared to bulk Si CMOS oscillators of the same design rules operating at 2.5 V.

In this paper we discuss the possibilities of using strained Si/SiGe hetero-epitaxy in building complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices and circuits. The effect of strain on the band structure is discussed, and the growth of high-quality strained layers is described. Enhanced transport properties of electrons in Si under tensile strain and in SiGe under compressive strain have been observed and will be discussed. An optimized Si/SiGe layer structure for CMOS operation is described and its potential performance is analyzed and compared to a standard Si CMOS. We predict approximately a three-fold reduction in power consumption, 30% increase in speed performance, and 50% increase in packing density.

We investigated the association between inflammatory trachoma in children aged 1-5 and environmental and sociodemographic risk factors in a rural Nile Delta hamlet. Inflammatory trachoma clustered in households, emphasising the child-to-child nature of transmission in the hamlet. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed three factors predicting inflammatory trachoma in children: the absence of a latrine in the household, school-age siblings with inflammatory trachoma, and additional same-age siblings (with or without disease) in the household. In the Egyptian setting the presence of pit latrines in all houses, even when full and unscreened, might result in a reduction in trachoma prevalence in this population from the current 49% to 35%. The construction of pit latrines may offer the simplest and most acceptable environmental method for reducing trachoma in this trachoma endemic area.

Five hundred and sixteen final-year non-consulting medical students were studied as to the occurrence of different degrees of suicidal feelings. A total of 12.6% reported some degree of suicidal feelings during the past year. Responses ranged along a continuum such that subjects reporting the more intense feelings also reported the less intense feelings. In 5.6% of the subjects the maximum intensity was only a feeling that life was not worthwhile, 4% had thought of taking their life, 0.9% had seriously considered suicide or made plans, and 0.4% had made an actual suicide attempt. Subjects experiencing suicidal feelings in the past year had had more minor psychiatric symptoms, particularly of depression, and had experienced more stressful events and somatic illness. In these respects they resembled the description of completed suicide.

The present paper deals with the paleoecological significance of the clay-mineral and faunal content of the Shiranish Formation which is exposed at the core Gabal Sinjar, northern Iraq.

Summary During a nine-month period (1974–75), 1,050 students (846 male, 204 female) at Ain Shams University, Cairo, attended the Student Health Centre. Fifty-two per cent were referred there by their general practitioners, 5 per cent by their families and 3 per cent through their faculties; the remainder (41 per cent) were self-referred. Male patients represented 2·8 per cent of the male students, but female patients only 0·9 per cent of the female students. In faculties dealing with practical subjects the male-female ratio was higher than in those dealing with more theoretical subjects. The diagnoses included anxiety neurosis (36 per cent of the cases), schizophrenia (18 per cent), depression (15 per cent) and neurotic depression (12 per cent).