Background Professionalism is an essential competence needed in the practice of dentistry. Teaching-learning and assessment of this competency is a part of the dental curriculum. We reviewed evidence in the literature regarding methods used for teaching, learning, evaluation and assessment of professional competency in undergraduate dental education. Methods Three different databases were searched for peer-reviewed full-text articles of studies relating to teaching- learning or evaluation of professionalism among dental undergraduate students. The evidence was then screened and the quality of the evidence was analysed by two different reviewers. Results A total of 573 articles were found relating to the topic and after removal of duplicates and initial title and abstract based screening using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles were shortlisted. Four more were excluded as the full-text of the articles could not be obtained. After full-text screening, 4 more articles were excluded due to variations in the abstract and methodologies in the full-text. Twenty-one articles were finally divided into 12 articles regarding teaching- learning and 9 articles regarding assessment methodologies and subjected to quality analysis. Conclusion Eleven methods for teaching and 8 methods for evaluation of professional competencies were found. The available literature on teaching, learning and assessing professionalism for dental undergraduate education is of moderate to low quality. Various authors have evaluated different methods but there is scope for improving the study designs to be more robust and the tools for assessment need to be refined.

Dr. Vulimiri Ramalingaswami was an Indian biomedical scientist who rose to fame in the 20th century. He became well-known during his lifetime. Possessing a sharp mind, well-developed communication skills, a love of research and teaching, and a strong commitment to public welfare, he set an unwavering path to success in any field he decided to pursue. He broke new ground in administration, public service, research, and medical education. He was endowed with an enigmatic charm that won the respect of everyone he encountered. He made his students and coworkers leaders by setting a good example. As a result, he excelled in representing Indian biomedical research abroad. He was well known for his ability to think clearly, to present ideas and thoughts either orally or in writing with eloquence, and to do so in a straightforward manner.

Yellapragada Subbarow, an often overlooked yet monumental figure in biomedical research, made groundbreaking contributions that have profoundly shaped modern medicine. Born in 1895 in Andhra Pradesh, India, Subbarow's journey from humble beginnings to a pioneering biochemist is a testament to his relentless determination and intellectual prowess. His discoveries, including the elucidation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the development of folic acid, and the introduction of methotrexate and tetracycline antibiotics, have had a lasting impact on various fields such as biochemistry, oncology, and infectious disease treatment. Despite his significant scientific achievements, Subbarow's name remains relatively obscure outside academic circles. This review highlights his pivotal contributions and explores the reasons behind his underrecognition. By examining his life's work, this article seeks to celebrate Subbarow's enduring legacy and advocate for greater recognition of his contributions to medical science. His story enriches our understanding of scientific progress and is an inspiring example of the profound impact of perseverance and innovation in advancing human health. Through this review, we hope to honor Subbarow's remarkable achievements and bring deserved attention to one of the unsung heroes of modern medicine.

Inguinal bladder hernia, also known as scrotal cystocele, first described by Dr. Levine, is considered among the rare cases that may or may not present as scrotal swelling depending on the size of the herniated part. In this particular patient, he presented with scrotal swelling and symptoms related to difficulties in micturition, such as incomplete voiding and increased frequency of voiding urine. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), it was revealed that the bladder had been herniated into the inguinoscrotal region, accompanied by a left vaginal hydrocele. The hydrocele was then drained, and the left scrotal sac was everted. The hernial contents were reduced, and an open mesh repair was done to reduce the incidences of recurrence. These cases can generally be seen in obese male patients who are more than 50 years of age and males above 50 years with associated comorbidities. The diagnosis plays a very crucial role in these cases; if the presence of the bladder is not diagnosed preoperatively, then there is a fair chance that the bladder can undergo iatrogenic trauma during surgery. Hence, the clinician should be aware and should consider this situation if the patient comes under the criteria of being above 50 years old, with obesity and/or comorbidities, and with/without symptoms. Although rare, the condition can be treated by undergoing an open surgical repair, wherein the hernial contents are reduced and mesh is put in to avoid reoccurrence.

The requirement for building materials is rising gradually. Concrete is embedded in steel to strengthen the tensile carrying properties. However the price of steel is increasing day by day, this attempt is made by providing low cost locally available, ecofriendly material as a replacement of Steel. In this study the properties of bamboo as a reinforced material has been studied. Various properties like surface treatment, bond strength; flexural strength has been investigated through experimentation. Surface treatment is done by using different material and bond strength has been investigated. Total 27 slab panel has been casted as per the codal provision. The effect of total replacement of steel reinforcement by bamboo in flexural behavior, load –deflection characteristic has been observed. Finally the recommendation based on the result for slab panel is proposed.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has immense power to set up an ideal health ecosystem through "intelligent medicine" i.e., a combination of human and machine intelligence.However, the application of AI in healthcare is still unclear.Currently, India is facing huge challenges such as the scarcity of medical resources and the uneven distribution of medical services.This also highlights the opportunities linked to challenges and risks.The most recent pandemic has accelerated this process by acknowledging that medicine stands on the brink of an AI revolution.Incorporating the evidence on the role of precision medicine, cost-effective healthcare, and expanding humanistic and medical services, this paper demonstrates the digital health interventions for the "enhancement" of capabilities, "efficiency," "extension of services" and upgrading "experience" in the health sector.Through thorough literature searches from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other reliable sources, this study aims to understand the evolving needs, and greater control and to bridge gaps in access to healthcare through AI.Also, India is currently developing the potential to automate multiple tasks and calling for more human interventions.The future of AI in healthcare looks promising with digital health interventions that eventually offer flexibility and convenience to both the patient and the provider.This paper will help public health professionals address ethical considerations and policy-making where AI plays a significant role in setting up an ideal health ecosystem.

The Coronavirus epidemic has carried significant difficulties to medical services fabrics and general good arrangements around the world, as it requires new remedy and avoidance procedures to acclimate for the effect of the epidemic. Individuals suffering from substance use disorders (SUD) are at risk of contamination due to a variety of factors derived from their clinical, physiological, and psychosocial circumstances. Either way, the social and economic changes brought on by the pandemic, as well as the usual problems with treatment availability and adherence would develop throughout this time, eventually burning their condition. Similarly, this throng is expected to act as transmission vectors. In this regard, unmistakable approaches to balancing and therapy should be investigated. Medical professionals in charge of SUD should be aware of the challenges and difficulties they will face during and after the Coronavirus outbreak. Habit care should be erected up, rather than delayed, to stay down from confusions of both SUD and Coronavirus and to avert the transmission of Covid. Background and aims COVID-19(coronavirus) has devastating psychological consequences for the entire human race. Individuals from marginalized groups, particularly those suffering from substance use disorders (SUD), are more vulnerable to infections and are more likely to experience psychological stress. This article investigates the two-way link between SARSCOV 19 and drug use disorder. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar are searched for with the keywords "COVID19", "SARSCoV2", "Pandemic", "Addiction", "Opioid", "Alcohol", "Smoking", "Addiction psychiatry", "Mortal addiction". "," Disorders of substance consumption "," Behavioral addiction ". Depending on the situation, some newspaper coverage of SARS COV-19 and substance use disorder was also added. Results: Individual suffering from Substance use disorder is having higher risk of worsening CORONA virus disease results. During this time, there is a wave of habit forming (including new and recurrent), including non-substance related addiction. Increasingly reported withdrawal emergencies & deaths. Addictions, in particular, have difficulty accessing medical services and are vulnerable to illegal drug sources. Conclusion: Coronavirus and slavery are two pandemics that are on the verge of collapsing, posing a serious threat to public health. While every effort should be made to raise social awareness of the harmful consequences of Drug Abuse on Coronavirus forecasting, the resumption of deaddiction administrations and easier access to doctor-prescribed drugs are critical prerequisites.

The spread of Covid 19 virus all over the globe in 2019 from Wuhan, China has posed possible threats to all the age groups of the human race. In the month of January dated 30 of the year 2020 the disease was declared as a public health emergency of International Concern and further them declared Corona virus illness as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. There had been numerous times when the virus has evolved into a new strain and many variants of the virus have emerged since the year 2021, and became dominant and spread too many countries, With the Delta, Alpha and Beta variants are the most virulent and Omicron being the latest strain of the virus. The virus posed threats in all possible forms from economic damages to the country to attacking the lives of people. The virus has all the potential of damaging organs severely. All the classes, strata's and age groups were affected, out of which the maximum to bear the brunt of the virus were the elderly and frail patients. They contracted infections easily and could not overcome the damage virus caused to the various organs. In this review, we will be discussing then the palliative care for elderly when there are times patients cannot be admitted in the hospital or are terminally ill and the condition doesn't seem to improve in spite of all the measure taken, we resort to improve their life and decreasing their pain and discomfort. Through this article we would be discussing about all the measure that can be taken to do the same.

The new coronavirus pandemic which began in late 2019 has spread across almost all nations, affecting and causing innumerable deaths around the world. From the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in December of 2019, it has wreaked havoc and posed significant hurdles in several nations throughout the world. However, there is mounting evidence that many people infected with the COVID 19 virus are asymptomatic or have just minor symptoms, but can still spread the virus to others. However, the extent of severity, modes of transmission as well as the prevalence of such asymptomatic cases are yet to be determined. Some studies show that the coronavirus disease 2019 virus is transmitted mainly through airborne droplet inhalation, which are produced from the coughing or sneezing of an infected person. Fomites and dust particulates are also considered to be other less significant means of spread. A patient is said to be infected with the COVID-19 virus if he/ she tests positive when their throat swabs are subjected to a nucleic acid test (RTPCR). The absence of the typical COVID-19 symptoms is said to contribute to the rise in the number of cases. This is due to the fact that individuals who are asymptomatic are unaware that they are infected, and therefore do not get tested, making them more likely to spread the virus to those around. Screening for asymptomatic infections is challenging, which makes national prevention and control of the epidemic more difficult. This article examines the attributes, treatment, and consequences of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections in the hopes of facilitating an early and effective prevention as well as control of this serious public health concern around the world.

Adolescents and young adults have progressively become smartphone and internet-dependent. Its addiction is affecting them mentally and physically. Due to its overutilization, it is causing a detrimental effect on them. These dilemmas need to be acknowledged. Furthermore, the goal is to reduce overutilization and overreliance, and the task is to reduce the heavy toll on their mental and psychological condition. We need to review the evidence linking smartphone and social media use with psychological morbidities among adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study is to summarize the present situation and the correlation between smartphones and mental health. Cognitive, emotional difficulties, poor cognitive function, impulsivity, shyness, social networking addiction, low self-esteem, and some medical issues like insomnia, anxiety, depression, and a lack of cognitive control have been linked to excessive smartphone use.

Background: Basics of every aspect must be know thoroughly to JR1 with active participation during the discussion to understand any case. Active participation is must irrespective of the syllabus distributed for the PG in the syllabus as per the DCI guidelines. The cognitive knowledge, clinically for any case should not be year specific based on the syllabus, but, a collective and collaborative foundation of understanding. So to reframe the methodology of and to make the case discussion more effective, a study was planned. Study design: Cross- sectional observational Methodology: the following study will be conducted with the JR of dept of orthodontics SPDC, For comparison between the conventional and syndicate case discussion, the conventional case discussion will be entitled as Group I; while syndicate case discussion will be entitles as group II. They will be asked to present the case as per the suggested syllabus recommended by the DCI for each academic year respectively. Pre-test and post-test feedback will be taken after each presentation. Also, perception form the faulty as well as the post graduates will be taken after each presentation. Expected Outcome: the detailed case discussion from the etiology and treatment modality to the retention phase can help the JRI to understand the basics of any case. The feedback and posttest of the syndicate format might be a better way to present as compared to the conventional method. Conclusion: The syndicate case discussion is a better way to understand any case from the initial stage to the last stage of retention with inclusion of all the JR in the presentation of a case.

Introduction: The 21st century is often called as the “Age of Ageing.” Globally, the share of older people who are above 60 years of age grew from 9.2% in the year 1990–2011, 7% in the year 2013, and following this trend, it will reach to 21.1% by the year 2050. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors of suicides in the elderly population who committed suicide. Methodology: The study was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Wardha district, located in the Central part of India from July 2015 to October 2017. The total cases of suicides among elderly population of more than or equal to 60 years, recorded with the appropriate authority during the year 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 was included in this study. The study participants were the survivor of suicide (people intimately and directly affected by a suicide), who was knowledgeable about the events or circumstances, leading to the suicide by the elderly. Results: problems faced by elderly that led them to suicide. Near about all the elderly (98.6%) except one were having some mental health issues in the form of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, about 78.9% of study participants were having clinical comorbidities in the form of chronic physical pain, major accident or paralysis, history of fits, stupor, loss of consciousness, and chronic illness such as tuberculosis or cancer. Conclusions: In the present study, near about half of the elderly were in the age group of 60–69 years of age. While maximum elderly who committed suicide were male by gender indicating, male gender is more prone for suicide.

Blood clotting is a well-known phenomenon which is intended to provide protection in case of any external cellular/ tissue injury. However, this phenomenon in COVID-19 patients is leading to unusual thrombotic presentations. Since the emergence of novel coronavirus, World has come across various benign as well as lethal manifestations in COVID-19 patients and one such life-threatening manifestation which needs rigorous attention is the genesis of strange blood clots that can travel and get logged into several parts of the COVID-19 patients leading to various clinical presentations. COVID-19 infection is caused due to interaction of spike glycoproteins of coronavirus with ACE 2 receptors on the host cell surface. This interaction in the arteries, veins or capillaries could lead to injury in the vascular wall of blood vessels that can directly/Indirectly lead to coagulation and clotting cascades activation and subsequent formation of internal blood clots. However, it is undesirable to have the presence of these clots as they could lead to certain fatal complications that need emergency medical intervention or else, they may lead to the death of a patient. Due to the severity of this manifestation, early detection of these blood clots in covid-19 patients become very important intervention which could be done by observing certain specific signs and symptoms and/or with the help of various laboratory biomarkers like D-dimer, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, fibrinogen, etc. Once the early diagnosis is made, the patient can be treated appropriately with the help of anticoagulant therapy, which includes use of oral and parenteral anticoagulant drugs. This way the complications of blood coagulation like thrombo-embolism, could be prevented.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 was declared as pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. Social distancing and hand hygiene is advised during the pandemic to contain the spread of the virus. Rapid sharing of scientific information in an extraordinary way is the characteristic of the COVID-19 pandemic. There may be gap between information provided and received. Perception and practices in the community regarding handling materials need to be pointed out. the aim of this study was to assess the perception about myths and facts and change in the practices before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among the faculties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during May–June 2020 among the faculties of Science and Technology. By multistage sampling technique, five districts from Maharashtra state and then one institution from each district was selected. A questionnaire was shared by Internet to institutional faculties. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) is applied. RESULTS: Out of 276 faculties, 248 had responded. Most of the faculties were aware about basic preventive measures for COVID-19 infection. However, 25% of the faculties were unaware about the safe physical distance. Eating garlic and pepper protect against COVID-19 as per 63 (25.3%) and 59 (23.9%) faculties, respectively, was effective, whereas 56.8% of participants did not believe so. 93 (37.5%) respondents believed that respiratory function ultimately indicates the presence or absence of disease. About 95% of participants adopted new hygienic practices during the pandemic (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 can spread rapidly if the basic preventive measures are ignored by the small proportion of unaware people Hence, awareness needs to be improved. People have adapted to new hygienic practices for handling the material during the pandemic.

Background: Oral and maxillofacial imaging has been long an indispensable component while diagnosing in dentistry. The biologically hazardous or adverse effects on human body are well documented. This warrants judicious use to avoid its harmful effects. Manpower assisting dental practitioners in routine private dental practice in India is an unmapped manpower. This is a maiden attempt to map manpower assisting dental practitioners in private dental clinics along with assessment of their knowledge, attitude and adherence to radiation safety measures and radiological waste management in Wardha. Objectives: To map the manpower assisting dental practitioners and to assess knowledge, attitude and adherence to radiological waste management and radiation safety measures among them. Methodology: This cross-sectional study will utilize a structured; validated and pre-tested questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude and adherence to radiation safety measures and radiological waste management. The data collected will be computed and chi square test, unpaired t test, one way ANOVA followed by post hoc test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient will be used appropriately for statistical analysis. Results: Till date no studies have been done on manpower assisting dental practitioners in private dental clinics to assess knowledge, attitude and adherence to radiological waste management and radiation safety measures. Therefore the data obtained regarding mapping and knowledge, attitude and practices will be crucial as being European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 7, Issue 2, 202

Background- The 21st Century is often called as the ―Age of Ageing. The elderly population has grown considerably due to increase in the life expectancy of people and decrease in fertility rates, achieved primarily because of medical interventions. But in the elderly population, the health problems are complicated to a greater extent by the social, economic and psychosocial interaction, as compared to the younger population. The lethality of method of suicide is very high among the elderly and it is more likely to be missed due to their indirect method of communication regarding the suicide intent. Methodology – A community based cross- sectional study was conducted in Wardha district of Central India from July 2015 to October 2017. The study participants were the survivors of suicide. Result- It was found in the study that out of the 71 elderly who committed suicide 56.3 % elderly were in the age group of 60-69 years, 38.0 % were educated up to primary level, while 29.6 % were illiterate and only 05.6 % had education of high school or above. Majority of the deceased were farmers (35.2 %) and labourer (33.8 %).

Background: The incidence of breast cancer is seen to be low in India as compared to western countries, however the mortality is low. The knowledge about breast cancer, breast awareness and self-breast examination is the need of the hour. Breast Cancer, if caught in the early stages, makes it curable by various modalities of treatment. Our study aims here to qualitatively explore the views and ideas of the women in rural area about breast cancer and the need of a better comprehensive program. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample size of 672 with a pre-tested questionnaire with open-ended questions for qualitative exploration. It was done by door-to-door survey. Resident females of the village above 30 years were included and females with chronic illness and temporary residents were excluded. Results: The mean age of participants was 42.38 ±9.76 years with 48.2% educated till secondary school and 83.2% belonged to OBC category. The perceptions were assessed with qualitative findings where it was found that most of the females believed that they don't have breast cancer even before getting screened and so they didn't want to get mammography. However they affirmed that a doorstep approach of activities would be beneficial. They also said that doorstep activities help get good information of breast cancer signs and symptoms and program like this will be a good approach. Conclusion: Doorstep approach can be a welcome change in imparting awareness.

BACKGROUND:Student evaluation of teaching (SET) is considered to be one of the most important as well as inexpensive resources for sustaining professional development in medical teaching. The aim of this project was to improve the quality of education in our medical college by using student feedback as a tool for faculty development. However, it is also important to obtain teachers' perceptions on SET. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was an educational research study conducted on a single practical/tutorial batch of fourth-semester students in pathology chosen by random selection. Feedback regarding teaching was collected for all the teachers in the department of pathology where the students had to rate the teachers on a scale of 1-5. Teachers' perceptions on students' feedback were gathered with the help of another structured prevalidated questionnaire containing 15 questions/items. The feedback data were obtained using a 5-point Likert scale. The scores obtained from the students' evaluation data and the teachers' perception data on the different items were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. RESULTS:Significant findings from students' feedback were that 80% of teachers had a median score of >4 in explicit curriculum, indicating that most of the students agreed that the teachers teach their core subject well. However, only 20% of teachers had a median score >4 in implicit curriculum. Teachers, in their feedback, fully agreed that students should be involved in the evaluation of teachers and that student feedback ensures the overall faculty development in the institute and can be used as a tool for quality assurance in medical education. CONCLUSION:Students' feedback is one of the best methods of evaluation of teachers to ensure the overall faculty development and quality assurance in medical education. Thus, a regular feedback mechanism should be in place for the entire institution.

Background: Being world's largest outreach program targeting infants & children below six years of age, expectants & nursing mothers, ICDS has generated interest worldwide amongst academician, planners, policy makers, administrators & those responsible for implementation. Consequently, many research studies have been conducted to evaluate & assess impact of program. The need for revitalization of ICDS has already been recommended toward better maternal and child health especially in rural areas. Inspite of repeated measures to enhance effectivity of ICDS program, impact is not observed as desired by policy makers or administrators. And hence knowledge of AWWs regarding ICDS program can be assessed & evaluated so that some of attributable reasons may be pointed out. Hence present study was undertaken to find out knowledge of AWW. Aim & Objectives: The AIM is to find out knowledge of Anganwadi Workers under ICDS with regards to ECD. Materials and Methods: This was a community based Cross-Sectional study, carried out at Seloo block of Wardha district, having total under five population approx. 7634. Study participants included 167 AWWs were included in the study. The study period was one year. Data were double entered and analysed in Microsoft excel (2007). The quantitative data was presented as proportion or mean with SD. Chi square test of significance was used wherever appropriate. Results: Shows that maximum no. of AWW (37.72%) were non matriculate. AWW with SSC and HSC qualification were 22.76% & 29.34% respectively. 64% AWW were Trained workers, 19% AWW received revised training while 17% were untrained workers. Conclusions: AWWs are actually the main resource person of the program and whose knowledge and skills do have a direct impact on the implementation of the programme. As the Anganwadi Workers play an important role due to their close and continuous contact with the people of community, especially the children and women, so there is an utmost need to assess their knowledge and the level of awareness regarding services provided by them in Anganwadi Centres.