A novel laboratory model was designed to study the arsenic (As) biotransformation potential of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis sp. and the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum . The Algae were treated under different concentrations of As(III) to check their growth, toxicity optimization, and volatilization potential. The results revealed that the alga Nannochloropsis sp. was better adopted in term of growth rate and biomass than C. vulgaris and A. doliolum. Algae grown under an As(III) environment can tolerate up to 200 μM As(III) with moderate toxicity impact. Further, the present study revealed the biotransformation capacity of the algae A. doliolum , Nannochloropsis sp., and Chlorella vulgaris . The microalga Nannochloropsis sp. volatilized a large maximum amount of As (4,393 ng), followed by C. vulgaris (4382.75 ng) and A. doliolum (2687.21 ng) after 21 days. The present study showed that As(III) stressed algae-conferred resistance and provided tolerance through high production of glutathione content and As-GSH chemistry inside cells. Thus, the biotransformation potential of algae may contribute to As reduction, biogeochemistry, and detoxification at a large scale.

In the present investigation, the growth pattern, cellular modification, oxidative stress markers, and defense responses in Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus vacuolatus were analyzed after treatment with municipal wastewater (25%-100%). The main aim was to compare the Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus vacuolatus on account of remediation efficiency, lipid production and defense responses under different concentrations of wastewater. The results revealed that the nutrients (93.28%) and heavy metal (92.08%) removal was highest at 25% of wastewater concentration while maximum specific growth rate (0.0708 day(-1)), total chlorophyll (0.118 mg g(-1) fw), and carbohydrate content (24.06 mg L-1 fw) was observed with Scenedesmus vacuolatus at 50% concentration of wastewater. Additionally, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed 100% concentration of wastewater enhanced lipid accumulation in than Chlorella vulgaris. The lesser accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive species and hydrogen peroxide while increment in antioxidants activity (1.87-15.63 folds) may be responsible for imparting tolerance to Scenedesmus vacuolatus against different concentrations of municipal wastewater. Overall, the study revealed that 50% and 100% wastewater concentration was suitable for excellent growth and lipid accumulation in respectively. Thus, due to high nutrients reutilization potential, metal removal rate, growth profile, lipid production, and anti-oxidative responses, racuolatus seems more effective and tolerant than Chlorella vulgaris. There-fore, exploiting Scenedesr may be the successful step towards sustainable management of wastewater and lipid production. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

Background: Pinus belongs to the family Pinaceae, represented by several species across the globe. Various parts of the plant including needles are rich in biologically active compounds, such as thunbergol, 3-carene, cembrene, -pinene, quercetin, xanthone. Of all the alkaloids, the piperidine group is one of the important component and holds considerable medicinal importance. Methods: The group of alkaloids was initially identified from the genus Piper through which a large variety of piperidine molecules have been extracted. The planar structure of this heterocyclic nucleus enables acetamide groups to be added at various ring configurations. Results: Piperidines have gained considerable importance. The broad range of its therapeutic application has paved a way for researchers to implant the nucleus from time to time in diversified pharmacophores and establish new profile. Discussion: Biological functions of piperidine metabolites have been mostly examined on a limited scale, and that most of the findings are preliminary. We have tried to present various clinical applications of piperidine alkaloids in this study that researchers have already attempted to demystify with time. Conclusion: We have also illustrated different types of piperidine structures and their sources in different members of the family Pinaceae with special emphasis on Pinus. Given the importance of the piperidine nucleus, the study will enable the researchers to produce scaffolds of highest therapeutic efficacy.

Present study investigates metal accumulation potential, enzymatic and non-enzymatic tolerance responses of a tropical perennial plant Alternanthera dentata grown under multi metal (Cr, Cd, As and Ni) treatment at different concentration i.e. 0, 5, 20 and 50 ppm for 60 d in pot culture with garden soil as control. Results revealed accumulation of appreciable amount of toxic metals in the root of Alternanthera dentata, as maximum concentration of Cr (2402.65 μg g−1 dw), As (1485.81 μg g−1 dw), Cd (1258.9 μg g−1 dw) and Ni (1215 μg g−1 dw) recorded at 50 ppm of multi metal treatment. High concentration of toxic metals in the biomass of Alternanthera dentata indicates its high potential for metal accumulation. Biochemical changes particularly increase in synthesis and concentration of phenol, carotenoid and cysteine in metal treated plant provide non-enzymatic tolerance. Similarly, increased antioxidant activities of Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Guaiacol Peroxidase (GPX) provide better tolerance for growth and survival at higher concentration of toxic metals. The plant Alternanthera dentata grown worldwide, thrive in humid condition, has heat and metal tolerance, thus it could be efficiently used for metal removal globally. Therefore, Alternanthera dentata has emerged as an efficient metal accumulator plant with better tolerance to toxic metals and may be exploited as a bioresource in developing innovative and sustainable technology to remove toxic metals from soil, contaminated due to industrial discharge or geological processes for ecological restoration, environmental cleanup and health safety

The present study was conducted to assess the efficiency of naturally growing competent microalgal consortia (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorococcum humicola and Nannochloropsis sp.) in the waste remediation of sewage water and lipid production. Results showed that microalgal consortia during wastewater (WW) treatment efficiently utilized the inorganic nutrients (N and P) and exhibited higher growth, biomass and photosystem II activity (Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, Mo, ETo/RC and Pi(Abs)) as compared to respective individual algal species. SEM data showed clumped morphology and 16.21% increases in the cell size treated with WW. The wastewater treated with microalgal consortia showed reduction in physicochemical parameters viz., conductivity (19.24%), NO3-1 (68.55%), PO4-3 (55.99%), TS (41.31%), TSS (35.48%), TDS (53.32%) and BOD (66.85%) after 15d of treatment. The FTIR spectra (4000-3400 cm(-1)) of algal biomass generated in BG-11 nutrient solution (NS) and wastewater showed higher absorption representing -OH compounds as compared to tap water. Further, the high IR spectral peak length ratio of L/C in microalgal consortia treated with WW exhibited greater lipid accumulation which could be used in the bioenergy production in sustainable way. Thus, species richness and complementary association of algae may be a better solution with multiple benefits of waste reutilization, phycoremediation and lipid yield. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The present study was conducted to assess the strain aptness, phycoremediation potential and lipid yield in microalgae Chloroccocum humicola and Oscillatoria sp. Results revealed that microalgae treated with different concentration of wastewater (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) recovered nutrients (Nitrogen: 50.55-85.90%, Phosphorus: 69.98-93.72%) and removed heavy metals (24.17-88.10%) from wastewater. Microalgae C. humicola showed significant reduction in physico-chemical parameters of wastewater at 25% and 50% respectively with considerable increase in lipid production (1.61 folds) at 50% wastewater concentration. In order to counterbalance the wastewater induced toxicity, both microalgae exhibited stimulated antioxidants viz., proline (1.26-4.04 folds), ascorbic acid (1.01-9.21 folds), cysteine (1.44-4.92 folds), catalase (0.99-3.63 folds), superoxide dismutase (1.15-1.43 folds) and glutathione reductase (1.43-6.67 folds) at different wastewater concentrations. Further, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy spectral elucidation of Chloroccocum humicola at 50% reflected high lipid peak in the regions 3000-2800 cm(-1) as compared to Oscillatoria sp. Thus, growth characteristics, biochemical responses and lipid yield presented the suitability of the Chloroccocum humicola to be used in phycoremedation, resource recovery as well as lipid production, which may be further utilized as potent feedstock for third generation energy demand.

Microalgae are the renewable green gold of future generations, capturing sunlight and producing oxygen and biomass through photosynthesis. Its biomass consists of valuable compounds with applications in the food industry as well as in the cosmetics, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical and biofuel industries. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) production through microalgae depends on the species and is affected by culture conditions such as nutrients, salinity, light intensity periods, temperature, pH and even association with other microorganisms. Omega-3 fatty acids are primarily synthesized from algae and phytoplankton and transferred to fish and marine mammals via the food chain. The defensive effect of omega-3 fatty acids towards cardiovascular diseases development most probably relates to the beneficial modification of a wide range of risk factors, including blood pressure, plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and inflammation.

Trichoderma harzianum is widely used as a biocontrol agent for phytopathogens. In the present study, we surmise, it can be used to control human opportunistic pathogens. Extraction with fungus mycelium was performed with the Soxhlet method. The inhibitory concentration was tested on Candida sps, including multidrug-resistant C. auris strain and gram-positive bacteria. The results suggest that the maximum zone of inhibition is 12 mm and 8 mm for fungus and bacteria, respectively. A high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) experiment suggests the presence of anthraquinone and stigmasterol in the extract. We anticipate the zone of inhibition is due to these active ingredients. Our result unveiled the previous connotation and suggested perhaps Trichoderma sps. It can be used to treat human fungal pathogens.

Fast growth, ubiquitous distribution, and multiple applications have credited algae as a potential bioresource in the current state of affairs of environmental pollution. Since two decades extensive research on plants for remediation of pollutant has been done, however, algae-based phycoremediation could be a low-cost green and protective approach for in situ bioremediation of waste containing toxic element from aquatic ecosystem. Currently, world have taken keen interest in growing algae for duel purposes, that is, remediation and utilization of postharvested biomass for the production of biofuels, fertilizers, and animal feed to meet the demand of energy in a cost-effective manner.

In the present study, arsenic tolerant bacteria were isolated and characterized from rhizospheric soil of rice plant growing in the arsenic contaminated area of West Bengal, India. Among 31 bacterial isolates, nine isolates were showed tolerance at higher concentration of arsenate (As V; 20000 mg mL-1). Selected arsenic tolerance bacterial isolates were characterized based on biochemical analysis, partial 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results revealed that selected arsenic tolerant bacterial strains were lavished at 370C and neutral pH 7 and showed a positive response for catalase and oxidase enzymes. Using partial 16S rDNA based identification and phylogenetic analysis, selected bacterial isolates were identified as Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Paenalcaligenes sp., Providencia sp., Kocuria sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Further, the isolated As tolerant bacterial strains may be tested for their possible utilization in arsenic mobilization in the rhizosphere for enhancing phytoremediation potential to remediate arsenic from contaminated sites. However, efficient arsenic accumulator strain like Pseudomonas stutzeri can be employed as bioresource to develop low-cost bioremediation technology for arsenic removal.

In this research paper author surveys the need of data protection from intelligent systems in the private and public sectors. For this, she identifies that the Smart Information Security Intel processes needs to be the suggestive key policy for both sectors of governance either public or private. The information is very sensitive for any organization. When the government offices are concerned, information needs to be abstracted and encapsulated so that there is no information stealing. For this purposes, the art of skill set and new optimized technology needs to be stationed. Author identifies that digital bar-coded air port like security using conveyor belts and digital bar-coded conveyor boxes to scan switched ON articles like internet of things needs to be placed. As otherwise, there can potentially be data, articles or information stealing from the operational sites where access is unauthorized. Such activities shall need to be scrutinized, minutely. The biometric such as fingerprints, iris, voice and face recognition pattern updates in the virtual data tables must be taken to keep data entry-exit log up to-date. The information technicians of the sentinel systems must help catch the anomalies in the professional working time in private and public sectors if there is red flag as indicator. The author in this research paper shall discuss in detail what we shall station, how we shall station and what all measures we might need to undertake to safeguard the stealing of sensitive information from the organizations like administration buildings, government buildings, educational schools, hospitals, courts, private buildings, banks and all other offices nation-wide. The TO-BE new processes shall make the AS-IS office system more information secured, data protected and personnel security stronger.

The present study was conducted to examine the photosynthetic performance, nutrient status and lipid yield in microalgae Chlorococcum humicola and Chlorella vulgaris under different durations of UV-B exposure (1/2 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h). Results revealed that UV-B reduces the photosynthetic performance of photosystem II by altering photosynthetic performance index (Pi ABS), maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), net closing rate of reaction centre (Mo), trapping flux (TRo/RC) and effective antenna size with their respective control. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) exhibited variegated structure and increased cell size by ~15–65% which was more pronounced in the case of C. humicola at 4 h of UV-B. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data showed that the content of microelements (C, O, Na, and K) in terms of atomic weight % was found to be significantly increased in C. vulgaris while with C. humicola, it was restricted to carbon (C) only. Further, the high antioxidant (ascorbic acid, cysteine and proline) potential and carotenoid/chl a photoprotection response reflects protection against UV-B in the both algae. In the case of lipid, comparative greater increase in cell size of C. humicola correlated with high lipid yield as compare to C. vulgaris at 2 h of UV-B could be employed in the production of biofuel in sustainable manner. Thus, algae C. humicola could be a best alternative feed stock of lipid and biofuel production in the area receiving high solar radiation.

Status of TB was elucidated through examination of patients attending OPD/IPD and DOTs center at Santosh Medical College / Hospital, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh for the presence of tuberculosis infection. The numbers of female patients were 45 (30%) and male patients were 105 (70%). Sixteen (10.3 %) smears were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). All the 150 samples were decontaminated by modified petroff’s method and cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media. Our results showed that the entire 16 (10.3%) sample which were smearing positive were also culture positive. Of the 134 samples which were smear negative 5(3.3%), found to be culture positive. All the 21 isolated strains were confirmed by standard biochemical tests. On the basis of biochemical reactions, 07 were humans’ type mycobacterium.

The present study was conducted to examine the impact of selenium (Se) on mineral nutrient status and oxidative stress in crop plant Oryza sativa treated with arsenic (As). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) study revealed the morphological deformities in leaf veins along with granular deposition on the leaf surface. The EDS analysis exhibited loss of elements (S, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Fe and Cu) in As(III) treatment in rice roots as compared to untreated root. In the case of As(III) treated shoot, changes in elements content in term of percent atomic weight was K (1.17–0.90%), Cl (1.04–24.75%), Na (0.65–3.52%) and S (0.49–2.52%) when compared with untreated shoot. The result of EDS analysis showed that As limits the concentration of important mineral elements present in the rice root and shoot. Rice plant treated with Se (10µM) and sub lethal dose of As(III) (60µM) showed better growth responses in term of root, shoot length (11.4% and 10.71%, respectively), biomass (11.7%), reduced malonyldialdehyde content (35.14%) and stimulated antioxidant level indicating better As tolerance potential against As. Further, a selenium dependent significant reduction in As accumulation was also observed in root (14.24%) and shoot (23.78%) of rice plant when compared with plant treated with As alone. This study highlights the potential of Se to ameliorate the ecotoxicological risks associated with the As buildup in agricultural land.

In the present study, microalgae Chlorococcum humicola and Chlorella vulgaris were grown in different concentrations of NaCl (25-1000 mM) to elucidate its impact on morphology, lipid synthesis, minerals status and antioxidative responses. Scanning Electron microscopy showed distorted cell morphology and increased cell size by 33.52% (C. humicola) and 27.79% (C. vulgaris) at 100 mM NaCl. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy data revealed reduction in mineral contents (C, S, Fe, Mg, Si, Mn and Zn) by 14-54% in both algae. Further, C. humicola was found to have high lipid content than C. vulgaris under NaCl regime. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase were increased by 2.5-5 folds in both algae as compared to control. The increased level of ascorbate, cysteine and proline in both algae indicated tolerance against salinity. Thus, C. humicola and C. vulgaris may exhibit dual benefits viz., high lipid production and reclamation of sodic soil.

Patients with clinically suspected tuberculosis infection attending OPD/IPD and DOTs center at Santosh Medical College/Hospital, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh were studied. The numbers of male patients were 105 (70%) and female patients were 45 (30%). About 16 (10.3 %) smears were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). All the 150 samples were decontaminated by modified Petroff’s method and cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media. Our result showed that the entire 16 (10.3%) sample which was smearing positive were also culture positive. Of the 134 samples which were smeared negative 5(3.3%) samples were culture negative. All the 21 isolated strains were confirmed by standard biochemical tests. On the basis of biochemical reactions, 7 were humans’ type mycobacterium.

Campylobacter spp. bacteria are one of the leading causes of food borne illness worldwide and has the ability to form biofilms. These biofilms have been reported to confer resistance against antibiotics. In this study, the effect of five different antibiotics has been compared on the planktonic and biofilm forms of Campylobacter isolates by determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs). A total of 55 isolates (11 Campylobacter jejuni and 41 Campylobacter coli) were subjected to flaA typing and cluster analysis. On the basis of flaA typing, 23 isolates, comprising 17 C. coli and 6 C. jejuni representing each cluster were chosen and analyzed for their biofilm forming potential at two different temperatures (37 degrees C and 42 degrees C) under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions. The biofilm production was higher at 37 degrees C in comparison to 42 degrees C, and it was enhanced under aerobic conditions compared to microaerobic conditions at both temperatures. MICs of gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and carbenicillin were determined for both planktonic and biofilm forms of campylobacter bacteria grown in 96 well microtitre plates containing Muller Hinton (MH) broth. All the isolates in the planktonic form showed absolute resistance against carbenicillin. The MIC values of gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline and erythromycin for planktonic form were found to be 0.032 mu g/ml, 2 mu g/ml, 0.1 mu g/ml and 0.0125 mu g/ml, respectively; while, for biofilm forms the same were found to be 1.025 mu g/ml, 8 mu g/ml, 0.8 mu g/ml and 0.2 mu g/ml, respectively. The findings revealed 32, 16, 8 and 4 fold higher resistance by biofilm associated campylobacter bacteria against gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline and kanamycin, respectively.