Abstract Background PET/MRI has been used for almost 10 years to assess myocardial perfusion, viability, and inflammatory and infiltrative processes of heart. By combining the advantages of FDG-PET and LGE-MRI, it is already the modality of choic for myocardial viagility and inflammatory disease [1]. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of viability on PET/MRI to predict improvement if echocardiographic findings such as regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Method A total of 154 patients with AMI who was performed cardiac PET/MRI within 7 days after PCI were enrolled. We performed TTE twice before and after PCI in 103 patients. We categorized these patients according to presence of viability on PET-MRI: group A (N=53, patients with viability on PET-MRI) and group B (N=50, patients without viability on PET-MRI) and compared. The primary end point is improvement of regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) on TTE. We set the definition of viability in PET/MRI as FDG uptake is 50% or more and LGE transmurality is 50% or less [2]. Results Clinical and angiographic findings were similar between the two groups except peak high sensitivity Troponin-I(hs TnI). The value of peak hs TnI of Group A was significant lower than that of Group B(20.22±26.42 vs. 39.28±30.59, p=0.001). Among 53 patients in group A, 17 patients (32.1%) showed the result of slight improvement of RWMA on TTE and 13 patients (24.5%) showed result of disappeared RWMA on TTE. In contrast, among 50 patients in group B, 19 patients (38%) showed the result of slight improvement and only 4 patients (8%) showed result of disappeared RWMA on TTE. The proportion of patients who showed slight improvement of RWMA between two groups are not statistically significant (32.1% vs. 38%, p=0.529). But, the proportion of patients who showed disappeared RWMA between two groups are statistically significant (24.5% vs. 8%, p=0.024). The value of improvement of LVEF of Group A is significantly higher than that of Group B(6.89±8.26 vs. 3.86±6.55, p=0.043). Conclusions PET/MRI is useful tool to detect viability in patients with AMI. It seems to be predictable to improve cardiac function for the patients with viability on PET-MRI.Baseline characteristicsPrimary endpoint

Abstract. Public bike systems provide the flexibility of bike-usage that users can rent and return a bike freely at any station. The convenience of the bike-travel system, however, may turn into a disadvantage of demand-supply imbalance in the bike inventory. The recent spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the mobility demands due to the lockdowns which restrict the business operating hours and transit services. Therefore, investigating the impacts of the pandemic on the urban social life patterns with the bike usage is an important issue for the bike demand prediction and the improvement of the public bike system service.This research aims to investigate the correlation between the public bike demand and social environment factors during the pandemic applying a multivariate linear regression model to public bike usage data in Seoul, Korea. The results show some promising findings to further promote shared mobility services through policy and marketing strategies. It is noteworthy that the transport disruptions during the pandemic have made a spillover effect from taxi and public transit to bike as an alternative transport mode. The lockdown has restricted the range of activity and resulted in the decrease of the taxi demand, so the number of taxis. On the other hand, the correlations of the geography, meteorology, and date with the bike demand have shown consistency. Therefore, supply of extra bike facilities to improve the system service should be determined based on more accurate demand prediction considering lifecycle-related factors.

microRNAs (miRs) are fundamental regulators of protein coding genes. In the CNS, miR-9 is highly enriched and critical for neuronal development and function. Mature miRs are derived from a duplex precursor, and the -5p strand ("guide") is preferentially incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to exert its regulatory functions, while the complementary -3p strand ("passenger") is thought to be rapidly degraded. By contrast, both strands of the miR-9 duplex have unique functions critical for neuronal physiology, yet their respective degradation rates and mechanisms governing degradation are not well understood. Therefore, we determined the degradation kinetics of miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p and investigated the cis and trans elements that affected their stability in the brain. Using a combination of homogeneous neuronal/astrocyte cell models and heterogeneous brain tissue lysate, we demonstrate the novel finding that miR-9-3p was more stable than the miR-9-5p guide strand in all models tested. Moreover, the degradation kinetics of both miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p were brain-region specific, suggesting that each brain region was differentially enriched for specific degradation factors. We also determined that the 3' nucleotides harbor important cis elements required to not only maintain stability, but also to recruit potential protein degradation factors. We used mass spectrometry to assess the miR-9 interacting proteins and found that the -5p and -3p strands were associated with functionally distinct proteins. Overall, these studies revealed unique miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p degradation kinetics in the brain and proposed critical nucleotide sequences and protein partners that could contribute to this differential stability.

Abstract Background Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has been performed as a standard procedure because the addition of radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery in early breast cancer patients is similar to that of mastectomy.The surgical methods for breast cancer have been developed in recent years, and the cosmetic aspect has become important.Several incisions are used to reduce the scar to the incision site during BCS. The periareolar incision is often used when the small tumor relatively close to the nipple. However, periareolar incision does not have sufficient field of sight, which can result in difficult or impossible operations if the tumor is large or far from the nipple. In plastic surgery, various methods such as zigzag incisions have been recommended to achieve satisfactory esthetic results. The periareolar zigzag incision has the advantage of a not only good surgical field but also contributed to better surgical scars. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oncological safety of procedures by studying the status of the surgical margins of the excised tumor specimen and reduces the need for further surgery Methods From January 2016 to November 2017, we conducted a survey of female patients who underwent BCS using zigzag incision. Patients with exclusion criteria were excluded from this study if they had a Patients with bilateral breast cancer or neoadjuvant chemotherapy was included in the study. Intraoperative frozen section margin was evaluated in all patients and additional resection was performed when the positive margin was present. Final margin status was determined by examination of the permanent paraffin-embedded sections. In patients with invasive breast cancer or relatively large carcinoma in situ, axillary surgery was performed according to the presence of axillary metastasis. Patients characteristics, tumor characteristics, operative time, size of the specimen and the distance from the tumor to nipple were evaluated Results 393 patients were enrolled in the study, including 9 patients with bilateral breast cancer, and a total of 402 cases of BCS surgery were analyzed. Thirty-five patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The median age of the patients was 51 (range: 25-84 years), the median time of operation was 72 minutes in patients who did not undergo axillary surgery or sentinel node biopsy only, and 83 minutes in patients who underwent axillary node dissection or supraclavicular node dissection. The median tumor size was 1.6 cm (range: 0-8.8 cm), median tumor distance from the nipple was 3.0 cm (range: 0.4-8.1 cm), mean excised specimen sized was 5.0 cm (range: 0.9-15.0 cm). Frozen biopsy of the resection margin during surgery revealed tumor-positive in 69 (17.2%) cases and re-excision was performed. All patients were discharged with no sign of infection or skin necrosis. Conclusions The periareolar zigzag incision technique has good cosmetic results and provides a sufficient surgical field, which can be useful for removing relatively large tumors or tumors far from the nipple. Citation Format: Ko B, Kim H, Chung I, Lee S, Kim J, Lee J, Son B, Ahn SH. Usefulness of periareolar zigzag incision in oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-08.

이 글은 『칠극』의 맥락에서 현대 의과학 기술의 하나인 보조생식술을 고찰하였다. 초기 가톨릭신자의 윤리지침서인 『칠극』이 현대인의 생활과 유의미한 연관을 가지기 위해서는, 『칠극』의 맥락에서 현대 의과학 기술의 하나인 보조생식술의 시술과정에 수반되는 배아의 생명 침해 문제는 어떻게 설명될 수 있는지 고찰할 필요가 있다. 『칠극』 ‘해탐’(解貪)편이 제시하는 원리와 지침에 의거해보조생식술을 고찰한 결과, 『칠극』의 맥락에서 보조생식술은 인간의 탐욕에 해당하여 허용될 수 없는 기술이다. 그 근거는 첫째, 보조생식술은 인간이 알 수 있는 이치의 범위를 벗어난 지탐(智貪) 과 관련되며, 둘째, 탐욕을 푸는 ‘해탐’의 방안인 ‘평등’의 원리가보조생식술 시술과정에 적용될 수 없다는데 있었다. 이러한 고찰결과는 회칙 ｢인간 생명｣(Humanae vitae)과 인간 생명의 기원과출산의 존엄성에 관한 훈령 ｢생명의 선물｣(Donum Vitae)의 가르침과 상통하며, 인격주의 생명윤리체계의 인간 생명 보호 원리와도 상통하였다. 『칠극』이 제시하는 ‘해탐’의 방안으로서 ‘평등’원리는 배아의 생명 침해가 부당하다는 인격주의 생명윤리체계의 주장에 정당성을 더해준다. 그리고 ‘평등’원리는 입장과 이해의 대립에서 기인하는 인간 생명침해문제의 정당성을 판단하는 기준으로유용할 것이므로, 인격주의 생명윤리 측면에서 『칠극』이 제시하는실천덕목은 연구될 필요가 있다.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is one of phenotypes of vascular aging characterized by aortic dilation with impaired arterial wall integrity. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that men with AAA have lower serum testosterone compared to men without AAA, suggesting the preventive roles of testosterone. However, underlying mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we investigated effects of testosterone administration on the formation of AAA using in vivo model. In wild-type mice (C57BL/6J, male, 12 week-old), testosterone deficiency was induced by castration. At 4 weeks after castration, AAA was induced by CaCl2 application in infrarenal aorta and angiotensinII (2000 ng/kg/min) infusion for 4 weeks. Testosterone (5 and 10 mg/kg) or control oil was administered to AAA-induced mice with castration for 8 weeks. When AAA was induced, castrated mice showed remarkable AAA formation compared to sham mice. Testosterone administration significantly prevent AAA formation. Histological analysis revealed that infiltration of F4/80-positive macrophages was seen in the developed AAA of castrated mice. We further found that circulating IL-6 and aortic IL-6 expression were elevated and aortic STAT3 phosphorylation was increased, suggesting IL-6/STAT3-dependent inflammatory responses are attributed to AAA formation in castrated mice. Testosterone administration significantly inhibited expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1b in aorta. These results demonstrate that testosterone deficiency proceeds AAA by IL-6/STAT3-mediated inflammation and conversely, administration of testosterone could prevent AAA formation through inhibition of inflammation. Uncovering the effects of testosterone on inflammation in vessel provides mechanistic insight into the cardioprotective effects of testosterone.

Background: Vascular calcification is a significant pathological phenotype that increases with arteriosclerosis and aging. Given that ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), a major component of Korean Ginseng has a steroid structure, we hypothesized Rb1 has androgen-like protective actions in vessel. In the present study, we examined the effect of Rb1 on vascular calcification as well as carcinogenic actions observed by testosterone in prostate cancer cells. Methods / Results: In human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC), calcification was induced by inorganic phosphate (Pi, 2.6mmol/L). Rb1 significantly inhibited calcium deposition in a concentration-dependent manner, as shown by testosterone. Furthermore, bicalutamide, an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist abrogated the inhibition of calcification by Rb1, suggesting involvement of AR in the action of Rb1. Using luciferase assay, we found activity of androgen response element (ARE) was significantly enhanced by Rb1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Mechanistically, because apoptosis is one of the important regulatory mechanisms of HASMC calcification, we examined effects of Rb1 on Pi-induced apoptosis. Rb1 significantly inhibited apoptosis and this inhibition was also abolished by bicalutamide as observed by testosterone. Interestingly, unlike testosterone, Rb1 had no effect on proliferation and ARE activity of prostate cancer cells line (LNCaP). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that Rb1 has beneficial effects both on vessel and prostate. If we could uncover the molecular mechanisms of Rb1, it is conceivable that Rb1 could be alternative to androgen as a selective androgen receptor modulator in clinical fields.

In this study, a cochlea-inspired artificial filter bank (CAFB) was developed to efficiently obtain dynamic response of a structure, and a dynamic response measurement of a cable-stayed bridge model was also carried out to evaluate the performance of the developed CAFB. The developed CAFB used a band-pass filter optimizing algorithm (BOA) and peak-picking algorithm (PPA) to select and compress dynamic response signal containing the modal information which was significant enough. The CAFB was then optimized about the El-Centro earthquake wave which was often used in the construction research, and the software implementation of CAFB was finally embedded in the unified structural management system (USMS). For the evaluation of the developed CAFB, a real time dynamic response experiment was performed on a cable-stayed bridge model, and the response of the cable-stayed bridge model was measured using both the traditional wired system and the developed CAFB-based USMS. The experiment results showed that the compressed dynamic response acquired by the CAFB-based USMS matched significantly with that of the traditional wired system while still carrying sufficient modal information of the cable-stayed bridge.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and thus new molecular targets need to be identified to improve treatment efficacy. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/KRAS mutation-driven lung tumorigenesis is well understood, the mechanism of EGFR/KRAS-independent signal activation remains elusive. Enhanced TFAP2C (transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2C) expression is associated with poor prognosis in some types of cancer patients, but little is known of its relation with the pathogenesis of lung cancer. In the present study, we found that TFAP2C overexpression was associated with cell cycle activation and NSCLC cell tumorigenesis. Interestingly, TFAP2C blocked AKAP12mediated cyclin D1 inhibition by inducing the overexpression of oncogenic microRNA (miRNA)-183 and simultaneously activated cyclin-dependent kinase 6-mediated cell cycle progression by downregulating tumor-suppressive miRNA-33a. In a mouse xenograft model, TFAP2C promoted lung tumorigenesis and disease aggressiveness via the miR-183 and miR-33a pathways. The study provides a mechanism of mitogenic and oncogenic signaling via two functionally opposed miRNAs and suggests that TFAP2Cinduced cell cycle hyperactivation contributes to lung tumorigenesis.

legend N2D N1D 2LPEG N2D vs. 2LPEG N1D vs. 2LPEG EFFICACY Primary analysis set, n1⁄4 275 Primary analysis set, n1⁄4 275 Primary analysis set, n1⁄4 272 Primary endpoint: Patients with successful overall bowel cleansing efficacy (HCS) [n] 253 (92.0%) 245 (89.1%) 238 (87.5%) -4.00%* [0.055] -6.91%* [0.328] Supportive secondary endpoint: Patients with successful overall bowel cleansing efficacy (BBPS) [n] 249 (90.5%) 243 (88.4%) 232 (85.3%) n.a. n.a. Primary endpoint: Excellent plus Good cleansing rate in colon ascendens (primary analysis set) [n] 87 (31.6%) 93 (33.8%) 41 (15.1%) 8.11%* [50.001] 10.32%* [50.001] Key secondary endpoint: Adenoma detection rate, colon ascendens 11.6% 11.6% 8.1% -4.80%; 12.00%** [0.106] -4.80%; 12.00%** [0.106] Key secondary endpoint: Adenoma detection rate, overall colon 26.6% 27.6% 26.8% -8.47%; 8.02%** [0.569] -7.65%; 9.11%** [0.455] Key secondary endpoint: Polyp detection rate, colon ascendens 23.3% 18.6% 16.2% -1.41%; 15.47%** [0.024] -6.12%; 10.82%** [0.268] Key secondary endpoint: Polyp detection rate, overall colon 44.0% 45.1% 44.5% -8.85%; 8.00%** [0.579] –7.78%; 9.09%** [0.478] Compliance rates (min 75% of both doses taken) [n] 235 (85.5%) 233 (84.7%) 245 (90.1%) n.a. n.a. SAFETY Safety set, n1⁄4 262 Safety set, n1⁄4 269 Safety set, n1⁄4 263 All treatment-emergent adverse events [n] 77 89 53 n.a. n.a. Patients with any related treatment-emergent adverse event [n] 30 (11.5%) 40 (14.9%) 20 (7.6%) n.a. n.a. *1⁄4 97.5% 1-sided CI; **1⁄4 95% 2-sided CI; n.a.1⁄4 not applicable. United European Gastroenterology Journal 4(5S) A219