The L inear I nternational Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility P rototype Ac celerator (LIPAc) is under commissioning in Rokkasho Fusion Institute in Japan and aims to accelerate 125 mA D+ at 9 MeV in Continuous Wave mode for validating the IFMIF accelerator design. To ensure a fine characterization and tuning of the machine many beam diagnostics are installed spanning from injector to the beam dump. The beam operations in 1.0 ms pulsed D+ at 5 MeV were successfully completed with a low power beam dump in 2019. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the crucial transition to a new LINAC configuration was also finalized to enable operation in 1.0 ms — CW D+ at 5 MeV with the high-power beam dump. The 1 st beam operation of the configuration was carried out in 2021. The experiences and challenges encountered during these beam campaigns are described in this paper.

The IFMIF-DONES Facility is a unique first-class scientific infrastructure whose construction is foreseen in Granada, Spain, in the coming years. Strong integration efforts are being made at the current project phase aiming at harmonizing the ongoing design of the different and complex Systems of the facility. The consolidation of the Diagnostics and Instrumentation, transversal across many of them, is a key element of this purpose. A top-down strategy is proposed for a systematic Diagnostics Review and Requirement definition, putting emphasis in the one-of-a-kind instruments necessary by the operational particularities of some of the Systems, as well as to the harsh environment that they shall survive. In addition, other transversal aspects such as the ones related to Safety and Machine Protection and their respective requirements shall be also considered. The goal is therefore to advance further and solidly in the respective designs, identify problems in advance, and steer the Diagnostics development and validation campaigns that will be required. The present work provides an overview of this integration strategy as well as a description of some of the most challenging Diagnostics and Instruments within the facility, including several proposed techniques currently under study.

The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is a high intensity D + linear accelerator; demonstrator of the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility (IFMIF). In summer 2019 the IFMIF/EVEDA Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerated its nominal 125 mA deuteron (D + ) beam current up to 5 MeV, with 90% transmission for pulses of 1 ms at 1 Hz. This success was possible thanks to an intense previous campaign of modelization and measurements in order to characterize the RFQ input beam, which is affected by the ECR ion source extraction and the low energy beam transport. The simulation models used with the measurement benchmarks are here presented.

The Linear IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is aiming at demonstrating the low energy section of a 40 MeV/125 mA IFMIF deuteron accelerator up to 9 MeV with a full beam current in cw operation. For such a high-power beam, the LIPAc injector is required to produce a 100 keV D+ beam with 140 mA and match it for injection into the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator. The injector is designed by CEA-Saclay based on the high intensity light ion source (SILHI). In 2019, the commissioning of the RFQ to demonstrate the D+ beam acceleration at a low duty cycle (0.1%) was conducted. A nominal beam current of 125 mA D+ beam was accelerated up to 5 MeV through the RFQ successfully. The LIPAc injector fully satisfied the requirements for RFQ beam commissioning at the pulse mode.

During the EVEDA (engineering validation and engineering design activities) phase of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) project, a 125 mA/9 MeV linear prototype accelerator (LIPAc) has to be built, tested and operated in Rokkasho-mura (Japan). Involved in this project for several years, CEA-Saclay designed the injector of this accelerator which is composed of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source, delivering a 140 mA deuteron beam at 100 keV, and a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line to match the beam for the injection into the radio-frequency quadrupole. In this paper, the components of the LIPAc injector are described. The commissioning of the ion source and LEBT with beam started in November 2014. The different phases of the commissioning are explained and some noticeable experimental results obtained with a D+ beam at 100 keV are presented.

IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Fa-cility) is an accelerator-driven neutron source aiming at testing fusion reactor materials. Under the Broader Ap-proach Agreement, a 125 mA / 9 MeV CW deuteron accelerator called LIPAc (Linear IFMIF Prototype Accel-erator) is currently under installation and commissioning at Rokkasho, Japan, to validate the IFMIF accelerator. During the beam commissioning at 5 MeV which started in June 2018, the horizontal and vertical transverse emit-tance of a 2.5 MeV proton beam have been measured downstream of the RFQ for different machine configura-tions. Such measurements were done with an emittance measurement unit composed of slits defining a beamlet of 200 µm width, then of steerers and finally of a SEM grids monitor. In this paper, the process and the system are first described. The secondary electron emission of SEM-Grid wires is then estimated based on measure-ments and results are close to the usual rule of thumb. Finally, emittance measurements are presented and comparisons with beam dynamics simulations show good agreement.

IFMIF, the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility [1], is an accelerator-based neutron source that will use Li(d,xn) reactions to generate a flux of neutrons with a broad peak at 14 MeV, equivalent to the conditions of the Deuterium-Tritium reactions in a fusion power plant. IFMIF is conceived for fusion materials testing. The IFMIF prototype linear accelerator (LIPAc) is jointly developed by Europe and Japan within the IFMIF EVEDA project: it is composed of an ion source, a LEBT, a RFQ, a MEBT and a SC linac, with a final energy of 9 MeV. The 4-vane Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), developed by INFN in Italy, will accelerate a 130 mA deuteron beam from 0.1 to 5 MeV in continuous wave, for a beam power of 650 kW. The 9.8 m long, 175 MHz cavity is composed of 18 x 0.54 m long modules, flanged together and aligned within 0.3 mm tolerance. The RFQ was completed, delivered and assembled at the Rokkasho site and is presently under extended RF tests. The second phase of beam commissioning (up to 2.5 MeV/u) was scheduled to start at the end of 2017. Several unexpected issues and incidents significantly delayed the original program, which is however proceeding step by step toward the full achievement of its goals.

The LIPAc accelerator will be a linear CW deuteron accelerator capable of delivering a 9 MeV, 125 mA beam which aims to validate the technology that will be used in the future high power accelerator-driven neutron source, IFMIF. In summer 2017 a campaign of measurements was done during the injector commissioning, in which a Fluorescence Profile Monitor based on an Intensified CID camera (ICID) was used to measure the beam transverse profile at the extraction of the ion source. In this contribution we review the design of the ICID, its performance and discuss the measurements carried out. The performance of ICID monitors for its use in future accelerators will be assessed.

Significant progress was obtained on the installation and commissioning of the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc). On the injector experiment, the emittance of 0.2 πmm·mrad has been demonstrated, which is well smaller than that of required value (0.3 πmm·mrad). Eight sets of RF modules (175 MHz, 200 kW for each) were connected to the RFQ with 8 coaxial waveguides, and RF conditioning has been started. With a simultaneous power injection from 8 RF modules into the RFQ and careful conditioning, a required RF filed for the 5 MeV D+ beam acceleration was obtained at short pulse. The pulse extension is underway toward the CW operation. The first H+ beam acceleration will be started in June 2018. After the H+ beam commissioning, D+ beam acceleration will be implemented aiming at 5 MeV 125 mA, 0.1% duty. In parallel, the preparation of SRF (superconducting Radio-Frequency linac), which accelerates the D+ beam up to 9 MeV, has proceeded.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years.

Significant progress was obtained on the installation and commissioning of the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc). Eight RF chains (175MHz, 200kW for each) were connected to the RFQ with 8 coaxial waveguides, and RF conditioning has been started. With a simultaneous power injection from 8 RF chains into the RFQ and careful conditioning, a required RF filed for the 5MeV deuteron beam acceleration was obtained at 20 us pulse. The pulse extension is underway toward the CW operation. The first proton beam acceleration of 2.5MeV in RFQ has been successfully conducted in June 2018.

The installation of the IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ, MEBT, LEBT, source and beam dump was completed in September 2017. The beam dynamics of the first beams for the IFMIF-EVEDA RFQ commissioning is presented hereafter. The paper topic is focused on the simulated response of the LEBT RFQ and MEBT complex during the voltage characterization of the RFQ.

The CEA contributions to the Broader Approach proje cts, IFERC, IFMIF [1] and JT-60SA [2] which included the deliveries of components and services ar now approaching completion. For IFERC, the supercomputer Helios, provided by CEA, will perform in the end 2016 its last runs after 5 years of operation with a very high availability and utiliza tion rate. For IFMIF, the CEA contributions includ e the deliveries and the commissioning of the prototy pe injector, of the beam diagnostics and beam control system which are now ready at Rokkasho and the prototype of the high energy SRF LINAC for which the manufacturing and delivery of most co mp nents will be completed end 2016. For JT60SA, the first TF coils have been produced, tested at the cold test facility at CEA Saclay and delivered to Naka. The JT-60SA cryogenic system is now commissioned at Naka. The five superconducting magnet power supplies, in charge of CEA, have performed successfully the factory acceptance tests. They were delivered at Naka mid-2 016 and their installation was completed midSeptember 2016. The first units of the mechanical s tructures of the JT-60SA magnetic field system, Outer Intercoil Structures and Gravity Supports wer e also delivered. This report synthetizes the achieved performances for all of these manufactured components and starts to draw the manufacturing and operation feedbacks gained by CEA in associatio n w th its industrial sub-contractors.

The objective of linear IFMIF prototype accelerator is to demonstrate 125 mA/CW deuterium ion beam acceleration up to 9 MeV. The injector has been developed in CEA Saclay and already demonstrated 140 mA/100 keV deuterium beam [R. Gobin et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 02A918 (2014)]. The injector was disassembled and delivered to the International Fusion Energy Research Center in Rokkasho, Japan. After reassembling the injector, commissioning has started in 2014. Up to now, 100 keV/120 mA/CW hydrogen and 100 keV/90 mA/CW deuterium ion beams have been produced stably from a 10 mm diameter extraction aperture with a low beam emittance of 0.21 π mm mrad (rms, normalized). Neutron production by D-D reaction up to 2.4 × 10(9) n/s has been observed in the deuterium operation.

Charged particle beam diagnostics is a key task in modern and future accelerator installations. The diagnostic tools are practically the "eyes" of the operators. The precision and resolution of the diagnostic equipment are crucial to define the performance of the accelerator. Transition and diffraction radiation (TR and DR) are widely used for electron beam parameter monitoring. However, the precision and resolution of those devices are determined by how well the production, transport and detection of these radiation types are understood. This paper reports on simulations of TR and DR spatial-spectral characteristics using the physical optics propagation (POP) mode of the Zemax advanced optics simulation software. A good consistency with theory is demonstrated. Also, realistic optical system alignment issues are discussed.

Optical transition radiation (OTR) has become a commonly used method for 2D beam imaging measurements. In the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) at KEK, beam sizes smaller than the OTR point spread function have been measured. Simulations of the OTR imaging system have been performed using the ZEMAX software to study the effects of optical errors such as aberrations, diffraction, and misalignments of optical components. This paper presents a comparison of simulations of the OTR point spread function with experimental data obtained at ATF2. It shows how the quantification and control of optical errors impacts on optimizing the resolution of the system. We also show that the OTR point spread function needs to be predicted accurately to optimize any optical system and to predict the error made on measurement.

Ion species ratio of high current positive hydrogen/deuterium ion beams extracted from an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source for International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility accelerator was measured by the Doppler shift Balmer-α line spectroscopy. The proton (H+) ratio at the middle of the low energy beam transport reached 80% at the hydrogen ion beam extraction of 100 keV/160 mA and the deuteron (D+) ratio reached 75% at the deuterium ion beam extraction of 100 keV/113 mA. It is found that the H+ ratio measured by the spectroscopy gives lower than that derived from the phase-space diagram measured by an Allison scanner type emittance monitor. The H+/D+ ratio estimated by the emittance monitor was more than 90% at those extraction currents.