For rare-earth doped phosphors, the concentration quenching phenomenon at high doping levels remains a major bottleneck that has long been hindering the development of luminous efficiency and brightness.Here, we present a site self-limiting strategy to suppress non-radiative energy transfer in Eu3+/Tb3+-doped Ba3In(PO4)3 (BIP) phosphates. The distinctive crystal structure features random co-occupancy of Ba2+, In3+, and activator ions at a shared crystallographic site, spatially segregated by disordered PO4 tetrahedra.This configuration effectively maintains inter-activator distances even at full doping levels (x = 1.0), resulting in exceptionally high photoluminescence quantum yields and robust lifetimes with negligible quenching.Further experiments on the same structure, Sr3In(PO4)3, validated the effectiveness of the isolation mechanism.To further promote this spatial isolation mechanism, we propose the non-substitution ion occupancy ratio (gamma) as a semi-quantitative parameter to evaluate the spatial blocking capability of different host lattices for doped ions. In a series of reported Eu3+- doped materials, a larger gamma value has been correlated with a higher quenching threshold, providing further evidence for the effectiveness of the spatial isolation mechanism. Although gamma has certain limitations, the spatial isolation mechanism based on gamma offers a more accessible starting point for identifying three-dimensional lattices capable of high-concentration doping.

Optical manometry provides noncontact pressure sensing but remains vulnerable to temperature-induced drift, where thermal expansion and nonradiative relaxation distort luminescence spectra and kinetics. We develop a spectro-temporal ratiometric approach that combines spectral and time-gated luminescence channels to decouple pressure and temperature responses and realize thermally invariant optical manometry. Using Y3In2Ga3O12:Cr3+ as a rigid-lattice host (D-q/B approximate to 2.2), lattice stiffness minimizes thermal sensitivity SR,T, while ratiometric detection stabilizes pressure sensitivity SR,p. The resulting thermal-invariance manometric factor (TIMF) = SR,p/SR,T reaches approximate to 7700 K & centerdot;GPa(-1) in the spectral domain and approximate to 2500 K & centerdot;GPa(-1) in the time-gated domain, with SR,p up to 51%& centerdot;GPa(-1). These values exceed ruby benchmarks by two orders of magnitude and surpass conventional lifetime analysis by similar to 40 times, enabling accurate, self-referenced optical pressure mapping under extreme thermo-mechanical conditions. This work provides luminescent manometry from empirical calibration to a quantitative framework for thermally reliable sensing in coupled fields.

Balancing sensitivity and detection range in dynamic pressure monitoring materials remains challenging, with commercial ruby (Al2O3:Cr3+) sensors limited by strong crystal fields, restricting performance under extreme conditions. Here, an innovative strategy utilizing an ordered-to-disordered structural conversion in Cr3+ doped Ca(Mg,Sc)(Al,Si)O-6 phosphors is introduced. This approach achieves a remarkable blueshift sensitivity of 15.08 nm GPa(-1)-2.8 times higher than ordered structures and 41 times higher than commercial sensors while maintaining a broad detection range up to 7.5 GPa. Moreover, enhanced structural rigidity notably improves luminescence intensity and thermal stability. The findings establish a robust paradigm for designing high-performance optical pressure sensors, significantly addressing the traditional trade-off between sensitivity and detection range, showing promising applications in geological exploration and aerospace fields.

The thermal management of highly integrated chips under high thermal flux density is hindered by disordered high‐thermal‐conductivity matrices that reduce phonon transport efficiency. To address this challenge, this study employs directional freezing to systematically align multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, thereby establishing efficient thermal conduction pathways. Subsequent vacuum impregnation with the CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O phase change material (PCM) yields a composite material with pronounced anisotropic thermal conductivity—6.86 W·m −1 ·K −1 along the axial direction and 0.08 W·m −1 ·K −1 along the radial direction. This structural design not only enhances axial heat transfer and accelerates thermal equilibrium, but it also significantly suppresses PCM leakage via nanoconfinement and capillary effects, accelerating its phase transition by reducing subcooling to 11.41 °C. When employed for the transient thermal management of CPUs, the proposed material effectively directs heat flow, resulting in a 24 °C reduction in peak core temperature and a 19.5 °C reduction in peak surface temperature. Furthermore, this material demonstrates excellent thermal stability over 20 thermal cycles, with a maximum temperature fluctuation of only 5.2 °C. This study thus presents an effective strategy for the development of high‐performance, structurally controllable PCM‐based thermal interface materials.

In this research, SrWO4 substrates co-doped with Eu3+ and Er3+ were employed to fabricate phosphors with a homogeneous distribution of Eu and Er. The optimal doping concentrations of Eu3+ and Er3+ (3 % and 4 %, respectively) were determined experimentally, and the luminescence mechanism of the phosphor was thoroughly investigated. The concentration quenching mechanism was also analyzed, and thermal stability tests were performed. The experimental results indicate that, due to the thermal quenching effect, the luminescence intensities of both Eu3+ and Er3+ ions gradually decrease with increasing temperature. Based on the experimental findings and numerical calculations, the quenching activation energy was determined. The absolute sensitivity (Sa, 0.417 % K-1 and 1.132 % K-1) and relative sensitivity (Sr, 4.236 % K-1 and 1.401 % K-1) of the phosphors were obtained through simulations, and these values are greater than those reported in previous studies. The phosphors were then mixed with ink, and the obtained mixture was printed to produce a pattern, the colors of which became visible under different excitation light sources. The configuration displays a variety of colors at different temperatures, demonstrates effective applicability for anti-counterfeiting purposes, and exhibits multi-mode anti-counterfeiting functionality. These features indicate that the proposed phosphors meet the requirements of advanced anti-counterfeiting technologies.

A novel anode material comprising SnO2 hollow spheres encapsulated within carbon nanofibers (SnO2@CF) is presented for LIBs. The hollow sphere architecture accommodates inward volume changes, while the carbon nanofiber shell mitigates outward volume expansion and enhances electrical conductivity. This unique structure enables SnO2@CF to achieve superior electrochemical performance, delivering a high reversible capacity of 1304.3 mA h g-1 after 250 cycles at 0.2C and 548.8 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles at 5C.

Er3+- and Tm3+-doped CaxSr2‒xNb2O7 (CxS2‒xN, x = 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4) phosphors with layered perovskite structure were designed. These phosphors exhibit a dominant emission peak at 549 nm under 980 nm laser excitation, attributed to the 4S3/2→4I15/2 transition. By increasing the content of Ca2+, the crystal field regulation of rare earth ions is realized and the luminescence enhancement is induced, which is manifested by the increase of 2H11/2,4S3/2→4I15/2 emission. Furthermore, the temperature sensing sensitivities of C0.6S1.4N:Er,Tm and C0.6S1.4N:Er,Tm based on non-thermally coupled energy levels were studied. Finally, an anti-counterfeiting imprint was prepared using phosphors, which have high brightness and excellent photothermal stability. This work not only confirms that closer ionic radii substitution enables to increase the electronic density of states, improve the crystal field symmetry and enhance the luminescence, but also provides a promising phosphor system for temperature sensing and anti-counterfeiting applications, opening up new prospects in the optimization of the optical properties of phosphors.

With the development of energy storage, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have gradually become a suitable substitute for lithium-ion batteries. Where the layered transition metal oxides cathode materials of potassium ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical capacity, unique two-dimensional potassium ion diffusion channels, simple preparation and low cost. In this work, we designed a K0.5MnO2@MWCNT@Super P (KMP) composite electrode with P3-type layered structure as the cathode in PIBs through coprecipitation—high temperature sintering method. The SEM results show that the prepared KMP composite electrodes are secondary particles formed by three-dimensional network structures and particles through point–line contact and point–point contact. As a result, the composite electrode with a 7 : 2 : 1 weight ratio of K0.5MnO2, conductive carbon (Super-P: MWCNT = 1 : 1) and PVDF delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 112.7 mA h g–1 at a current density of 20 mA g–1 and 72.1 mA h g–1 at 100 mA g–1. And, it has a capacity retention of 44

In this work, Yb3+ and Er3+ -co-doped Sr 9 In(PO4)(7) upconversion fluorescent materials with dual functionality were synthesized though simple high-temperature solid state method. Based on International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color coordinates, the calculation of color purity at different temperatures demonstrates the attainment of highly pure green luminescence (color purity >90 %) for the synthesized materials. The analysis of activation energy proves that synthesized materials are stable. Utilizing the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of the thermally coupled energy levels (H-2(11/2) , S-4(3/2)) as a metric for optical sensing performance, absolute sensitivity and relative sensitivity are determined, and their maximum values are 0.44 % and 1.13 %, respectively. Inspired by the variation in CIE coordinates with temperature, thermally responsive two-dimensional barcode image was developed, demonstrating the practical application of Sr9In(PO4)(7) :Yb/Er materials in the field of information security and anti-counterfeiting.

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large energy storage systems due to their abundant potassium resources and low cost. However, the electrochemical properties of cathode materials, specifically the layered transition-metal oxides, hinder the practical application and development of PIBs. To overcome this challenge, further research is needed to improve the performance of cathode materials. This work presents the preparation of a series of K0.5Mn1-xCoxO2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) materials by doping with Co ions. As cathode materials, P3-K0.5Mn0.8Co0.2O2 shows better rate capacity and cycle performance, delivering a higher initial discharge capacity of 108.4 and 44 mAh g-1 at current rate of 20 and 200 mA g-1, respectively, compared to K0 & sdot;5MnO2. Furthermore, the as-obtained P3-K0.5Mn0.8Co0.2O2 delivers a capacity of 62 mAh g-1 even at 400 mA g-1 and maintains the discharge capacity of 34.2 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles. The addition of suitable cobalt content enhances structural stability and ion transportation kinetics, ultimately improving the rate performance and cyclic stability during K+ insertion/extraction. These results could provide a new idea for the design and development of cathode materials for potassium ion batteries.

In this study, ultrafine linear nanostructured SiC with high wettability and large specific surface area were synthesized via the carbothermal reduction method. These nanowires were impregnated with Na2SO4 ⋅ 10H2O, CaCl2 ⋅ 6H2O, MgCl2 ⋅ 6H2O, and CaMg2Cl6 ⋅ 12H2O to obtain composite phase change materials (CPCMs), which demonstrated improved phase separation and significantly reduced supercooling. In particular, the supercooling degree of CaCl2 ⋅ 6H2O was minimized to 0.1 °C. The SiC nanowires effectively prevented issues of dehydration and deliquescence in hydrated salts. The thermal storage capacities of the CPCMs exceeded 90 %, with Na2SO4 ⋅ 10H2O and MgCl2 ⋅ 6H2O reaching 107.10 % and 103.35 %, respectively. Furthermore, the CPCMs exhibited greater sensitivity to changes in temperature compared with the pure hydrated salt phase change materials (PCMs). These results indicate that ultra-fine SiC nanowires can act as a versatile carrier for hydrated salt PCMs at low and intermediate temperatures.

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are considered to have great potential as next-generation energy storage batteries because of their plentiful K resources and affordable price. Investigating anode materials depending on the dual conversion-alloying mechanism of potassium storage will encourage the rapid development of high energy density PIBs. This work synthesized self-assembling Bi2S3@C nanorods with sea urchin-like structures using hydrothermal synthesis combined with thermal decomposition. The staggered nanorod shape maximizes the electrolyte contact area, providing space for K+ embedding and volume expansion, and shortening its diffusion length to accelerate the electron transfer rate. Furthermore, the conductivity of Bi2S3 is significantly improved by the C-coating, while reducing the bulk effect of K+ de-embedding. The non-in situ XRD and non-in situ TEM results reveal that the Bi2S3@C electrode has a twofold storage K mechanism of conversion-alloying. Under the synergistic effect described above, the Bi2S3@C electrode maintained an excellent rate capability of 204.3 mAh center dot g(-1) even at a current density of 3C, and reversible capacity of 171.0 mAh center dot g(-1) after 600 cycles at a current density of 0.2C. This research serves as a reference and provides a pathway for the design of next-generation rechargeable energy storage materials.

In this study, La2(MoO4)3 doped with Eu3+ was synthesized by the high-temperature solid-state method. The phase composition of the Eu3+-doped La2(MoO4)3 sample was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the microstructure was observed via the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under the excitation at 211 nm, the room temperature emission spectra of Eu3+ in the samples with different doping levels were recorded. In addition, the prepared La2(MoO4)3:xEu3+ (x = 0-0.25) phosphors were color tunable. A non-contact optical thermometer with high sensitivity and high-temperature resolution was fabricated based on the different thermal quenching behaviors of the Mo-O group and Eu3+ center. The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR), tem-perature resolution (Delta T), maximum absolute and relative sensor sensitivity (Sa and Sr) of La2(MoO4)3:Eu3+ were calculated according to different thermal quenching effects between room temperature (298K) and 573K of Eu3+ and Mo-O group. These results show that La2(MoO4)3:Eu3+ has excellent sensitivity and temperature resolution, good reversibility and reliability, as Sa = 0.0525 K-1, Sr = 0.3724. % K-1, Delta T = 0.0806 K and the FIR error was only 0.62%. Therefore, the Eu3+-doped La2(MoO4)3 is a promising candidate material for high performance non-contact optical thermometers.

Environmental pollution and the energy crisis have promoted the development of clean energy as well as new-generation energy storage systems. Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as a possible alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant reserves, low cost, and impressive electrochemical performance. However, the search for suitable cathode materials has become particularly crucial. Recently, Prussian blue (PB) has been investigated as a potential cathode material for PIBs, which has an open three-dimensional framework to accommodate a large volume of potassium ions and adjustable composition for different applications. In this review, Prussian blue and its analogues (PBAs) and their application in PIBs were summarized detailly. We presented the composition, structure, potassium ion storage mechanism, preparation process of PBAs, and then focus on the performance optimization methods of the PBAs, including transition metal doping and conductive material adding into PBAs. Finally, the challenges as well as the outlook on the future development of PBAs were proposed for further application in this battery system.

The exploitation of ecofriendly luminescent materials is crucial for advancing phosphor applications. Herein, Eu3+ self-reduction was performed using the energy-saving high-temperature solid-phase method in air environment. Achieving controllable self-reduction is challenging for high-valent rare-earth and transition metal ions. Therefore, we incorporate charge compensators, such as Li+/K+ to control the reaction and obtain hetero-valent Eu2+/Eu3+. Experimental results indicate that charge compensators can eliminate vacancies, suppress self-reduction, and affect luminescence properties. Moreover, a nonequivalent substitution mechanism about self-reduction using a charge compensation model is discussed here. Notably, Eu2+ shows a strong blue narrow-band emission peak at 410 nm with a full width at half maxima of 34 nm, overlapping well with that of chlorophyll. The phosphors are nontoxic and exhibit high contrast under ultraviolet light, which can be utilized for forensic science detection. The precisely controllable self-reduction of phosphors can contribute to the development of next-generation smart and green materials. Advanced applications of the phosphors for plant growth, fingerprint visualization, and screen printing are also explored.

A range of Eu3+-doped AMoO4 (A = Ca and Ba) phosphors were successfully synthetized, and their crystal structures, optical performance, and temperature measurement sensitivities were investigated in detail. Peak doping concentration of CaMoO4:Eu3+ phosphor was 0.18, while peak doping concentration of BaMoO4:Eu3+ phosphor may be greater than 0.18. Then, temperature-dependent photoluminescence emission spectra of representative CaMoO4:0.09Eu3+ and BaMoO4:0.03Eu3+ phosphors were recorded. CaMoO4:0.09Eu3+ phosphor exhibited abnormal thermal quenching, which was attributed to defects caused by heterovalent substitution of ions and increase in the temperature, and good thermal stability. Finally, the possibility of using both phosphors as optical thermometers was discussed, which exhibited good temperature sensitivity. However, CaMoO4:0.09Eu3+ phosphor exhibited two peak absolute (Sa, 1.28 %K-1 and 1.39 %K-1) and relative sensitivities (Sr, 1.21 %K-1 and 1.20 %K-1). In addition, variation trend of Sr value with temperature was considerably peculiar. Two optimum Sa and Sr values were attributed to abnormal thermal quenching of CaMoO4:0.09Eu3+ phosphor. Peak Sa and Sr values of BaMoO4:0.03Eu3+ phosphor was 12.39 %K-1 and 0.89 % K-1, respectively. In addition, Sa of AMoO4:Eu3+ phosphor was negatively related to Eu3+ central asymmetry, while peak Sr value was more inclined to appropriate ionic central asymmetry.

In this work, novel shape-stabilized silicon carbide/paraffin composite phase change materials were prepared by a vacuum impregnation method. The silicon carbide increased the thermal conductivity of the composite, and its porous structure acted as the support material to improve the mechanical integrity of the composite. The pore sizes in the shape-stable silicon carbide matrix were easily adjusted by optimizing the pyrolytic conditions used to prepare the precursor. Composite phase change energy storage materials were prepared by impregnating the different porous silicon carbide support with paraffin. The prepared silicon carbide/paraffin composites were characterized with X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. The results showed that the paraffin was adsorbed within the porous structure as well as on the surface of the SiC, and there was no chemical reaction between the two components. The results of differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the melting temperatures and latent heats of the composites were 58.36 degrees C and 89.76 J/g, respectively, and the thermal storage capacity of the composites was as high as 99.36 %. Notably, the thermal conductivity of the composite was as much as 4.28 times higher than that of pure paraffin. The excellent thermal conductivity and good thermal storage capacity of the composites prepared here make them promising materials for storing thermal energy in practical applications.

A series of optical thermometers based on Eu3+/Tb3+ doped Y3Ga5O12 with self-excited GaO6 group phosphors were designed through controllable energy transfer and local crystal field perturbation simulated using the density-functional theory approach and related structures. Color-tunable properties of the phosphors could be achieved through controllable energy transfer. In addition, the thermometers exhibited superb temperature sensitive properties. Over the entire temperature range (298.15-598.15 K), maximum values of the absolute sensitivity and relative sensitivity are 0.028 K-1 and 7.03 %K-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the thermometer has outstanding resolution (Delta T = 0.0043 K) and repeatability (98.37%).

Molybdate and tungstate with scheelite-type structure are excellent self-luminescent materials, which can be used as ideal hosts for the doping of rare-earth ions. In this study, a series of Eu3+-activated SrAO4 (A = Mo and W) phosphors were successfully synthesized, and their crystal structures, photoluminescence properties, and temperature measurement performance were analyzed in detail. These phosphors were excited by UV light (291 nm and 247 nm, respectively), with clear energy transfer (ET) (MoO42--> Eu3+ or WO42--> Eu3+). According to fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) and Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory, compared to SrWO4:0.01Eu3+ phosphor, SrMoO4:0.01Eu3+ phosphor exhibited better thermal stability, with relatively low Sa value (maximum values were 5.082 %K-1 and 20.74 %K-1, respectively), and their Sr values were not significantly different (maximum values were 0.864 %K-1 and 0.83 %K-1, respectively). Sa value was negatively correlated to central asymmetry of Eu3+, but the optimal Sr value tended to be more suitable for central asymmetry of Eu3+. In addition, Eu3+ exhibited stronger central asymmetry as well as covalency of Eu-O bond in SrMoO4. Results reveal that SrMoO4: xEu3+ and SrWO4:xEu3+ can be used for luminescent thermometers.