Background and aims tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have attracted growing attention for their involvement in various diseases, but their role in intracranial aneurysm (IA) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential of tsRNAs, specifically tRF-GluCTC, in the development and progression of IA. Methods High-throughput sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed tsRNAs in the plasma exosomes of IA patients. The expression of tRF-GluCTC was analyzed in both exosomes and IA tissues. Functional assays in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were conducted to examine the effects of tRF-GluCTC on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict and validate the target gene of tRF-GluCTC. In vivo experiments were carried out using an IA animal model to assess the impact of tRF-GluCTC knockdown on IA formation and vascular pathology. Results tRF-GluCTC was found to be significantly upregulated in both plasma exosomes and IA tissues. Functional assays revealed that tRF-GluCTC promotes apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in VSMCs. Mechanistically, tRF-GluCTC was shown to bind to the 3'UTR of its target gene TYRO3, leading to its downregulation and suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which modulates VSMC function. In animal models, knockdown of tRF-GluCTC attenuated IA formation, improved vascular pathology, and reduced VSMC apoptosis and oxidative stress. Additionally, both exosomal and free plasma tRF-GluCTC levels were elevated in IA patients, with exosomal tRF-GluCTC showing superior diagnostic performance compared to free plasma tRF-GluCTC. Conclusion These findings highlight the critical role of tRF-GluCTC in the pathogenesis of IA and its potential as a novel biomarker for diagnosis. Additionally, tRF-GluCTC may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of IA.

The increasing requirements for wearable and portable electronics are driving the interests of high performance fiber supercapacitor. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is broadly used in electrode materials, owing to the adjustability of components and the unique lamellar structure. However, limited active sites and poor electrical conductivity hinder its applications. Herein, the core-shell heterostructured Ni(OH)(2)@activation Zn-Co-Ni layered double hydroxides (Ni(OH)(2)@A-ZnCoNi-LDH) electrode was fabricated by loading pseudocapacitance material on the A-ZnCoNi-LDH to improve the electrochemical performance. Significantly, benefits from the synergistic effect of the multi-metal ions and the core-shell heterostructure, the electrodes demonstrated a capacitance of 2405 mF.cm(-2) at 1 mA.cm(-2). Furthermore, Ni(OH)(2)@A-ZnCoNi-LDH was used as the core electrode and carbon nanotube (CNT) film coated with Fe2O3@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was wrapped around the core electrode to assemble coaxial fiber asymmetric supercapacitor, which illustrated an ultrahigh energy density of 177.7 mu Wh.cm(-2) at 0.75 mW.cm(-2). In particular, after consecutive charging and discharging 7000 cycles, the capacitance retention of the device was 95 %, indicating the excellent cycling stability. Furthermore, the device with high flexibility can be woven into textiles in different shapes. The fabricated device has an excellent development prospect as an energy source in wearable electronic devices.

The increasing requirements for wearable and portable electronics are driving the interests of high performance fiber supercapacitor. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is broadly used in electrode materials, owing to the adjustability of components and the unique lamellar structure. However, limited active sites and poor electrical conductivity hinder its applications. Herein, the core-shell heterostructured Ni(OH)(2)@activation Zn-Co-Ni layered double hydroxides (Ni(OH)(2)@A-ZnCoNi-LDH) electrode was fabricated by loading pseudocapacitance material on the A-ZnCoNi-LDH to improve the electrochemical performance. Significantly, benefits from the synergistic effect of the multi-metal ions and the core-shell heterostructure, the electrodes demonstrated a capacitance of 2405 mF.cm(-2) at 1 mA.cm(-2). Furthermore, Ni(OH)(2)@A-ZnCoNi-LDH was used as the core electrode and carbon nanotube (CNT) film coated with Fe2O3@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was wrapped around the core electrode to assemble coaxial fiber asymmetric supercapacitor, which illustrated an ultrahigh energy density of 177.7 mu Wh.cm(-2) at 0.75 mW.cm(-2). In particular, after consecutive charging and discharging 7000 cycles, the capacitance retention of the device was 95 %, indicating the excellent cycling stability. Furthermore, the device with high flexibility can be woven into textiles in different shapes. The fabricated device has an excellent development prospect as an energy source in wearable electronic devices.

MIL-88A crystals with three different metal ligands (Fe, Al, Fe-Al) were prepared by hydrothermal method for the first time. The three materials' crystal structure and surface morphology are different, leading to different adsorption properties of Congo red (CR). The maximum adsorption capacities of MIL-88A (Fe), MIL-88A (Fe-Al), and MIL-88A (Al) are 607.7 mg center dot g(-1), 536.4 mg center dot g(-1), and 512.1 mg center dot g(-1) respectively. In addition, MIL-88A was combined with chitosan (CS) respectively, and MIL-88A/CS composite sponge was prepared by the freeze-drying method, which not only solved the defect that MIL-88A powder was difficult to recover but also further improved the removal ability of CR by the adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacities of MIL-88A (Fe-Al)/CS, MIL-88A (Fe)/CS, MIL-88A (Al)/CS, and CS are 1312 mg center dot g(-1), 1056 mg center dot g(-1), 996.7 mg center dot g(-1), and 769.6 mg center dot g(-1), respectively. The structure and physicochemical properties of the materials were analyzed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and Zeta. The adsorption process of CR follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir, Sips isotherm model. Combined with thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption behavior was described as endothermic monomolecular chemical adsorption. The removal of CR is attributed to electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, metal coordination effects, and size-matching effects.

Micro-nano metal-organic framework (MIL-68(Fe)) for efficient adsorption of azo anionic dye Congo red (CR) was successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal method under acidic environment. And a MIL-68(Fe)/ chitosan composite sponge (MIL-68(Fe)/CS) was prepared under the coating of chitosan (CS). After comparing the performance of MIL-68(Fe) and MIL-68(Fe)/CS, we focus on exploring MIL-68(Fe)/CS. It ensured the CR removal efficiency while reaching the adsorption equilibrium faster than MIL-68(Fe), and solved the defect that the powder was difficult to be stripped by water after adsorption. The physicochemical properties and surface morphology of the adsorbent were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and Zeta potential. The effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial solution concentration and temperature on the adsorption performance of the adsorbent were systematically analyzed. The pseudo-second-order model and the Sips model were most consistent for the adsorption process, indicating that the adsorption process of MIL-68(Fe)/chitosan composite sponge on CR is a complex physicochemical process. The removal rates of CR by MIL-68(Fe) and MIL-68 (Fe)/chitosan composite sponge reached the maximum values of 99.55 % and 99.51 % at 318 K, respectively. And the maximum adsorption capacity of CR by MIL-68(Fe)/chitosan composite sponge at 318 K was 1184.16 mg center dot g(-1). After six cycles of adsorption and desorption, the removal rate of CR was still higher than 80 %. The synergistic effects of pi-pi stacking, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and pore filling have important effects on CR removal.

In this paper, the physicochemical properties, surface charge, and crystal defects of MIL-88A (Al) were controlled by adjusting the ratio of metal ligands and temperature in the synthetic system without the addition of surfactants. The adsorption properties of different crystals for Congo red (CR) were studied. Among them, MIL-88A (Al)-130 and MIL-88A (Al)-d have the best adsorption properties. The maximum adsorption capacities are 600.8 and 1167 mg · g-1, respectively. Compared with MIL-88A (Al)-130, the adsorption performance of MIL-88A (Al)-d was increased by 94.2%, and the adsorption rate was increased by about 4 times. It can be seen that increasing the proportion of metal ligands within a certain range will improve the adsorption capacity. The structure and morphology of the adsorbent were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, TGA, BET, and zeta potential. The effects of time, temperature, pH, initial solution concentration, and dosage on CR adsorption properties were systematically discussed. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal model can well describe the adsorption process, which indicates that the adsorption process is a single-layer chemisorption occurring on a uniform surface. According to thermodynamics, this adsorption is an endothermic process. The mechanism of CR removal is proposed as the electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond, metal coordination effect, π-π conjugation, crystal defect, and pore-filling effect. In addition, MIL-88A (Al)-d has good repeatability, indicating that it is a good material for treating anionic dye wastewater.

MIL-53(Fe)/chitosan composite hydrogel spheres were formed by chitosan (CS) coating MIL-53(Fe). The struc-tural and physicochemical properties of the material were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and Zeta potential. The adsorption properties of the adsorbents were systematically analyzed for different conditions, such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and temperature. The experimental data were fitted using adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption thermodynamics models. The results show that the pseudo-first-order model and Liu model are fitted to the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm respectively. The adsorption capacity of CR reached the maximum value of 590.8 mg g-1 at 298 K. The adsorption efficiency of the composite material for CR was high, and when 100 mg L-1 CR solution was used, 99.97% of CR could be removed by reaching adsorption equilibrium. After three times of adsorption, the re-covery was still close to 85%. The adsorption mechanism is mainly the synergistic effect of pore filling, ionic interactions, and hydrogen bonding.

Purpose:Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is more representative and accurate than biopsy and is also conducive to dynamic monitoring, facilitating accurate diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish and validate a novel amplified method for the detection of IDH1 R132H and BRAF V600E, which were associated with the genetic diagnosis of glioma.Patients and Methods:A dual-signal amplification method based on magnetic aggregation and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) was constructed for the simultaneous detection of ctDNAs. When target ctDNAs are present, the CHA reaction is initiated and leads to the assembly of Au-Ag nanoshuttles (Au-Ag NSs) onto magnetic beads (MBs). Further enrichment of MBs under an external magnetic field facilitated the dual-signal amplification of SERS.Results:The limit of detection (LOD) for IDH1 R132H and BRAF V600E in serum was as low as 6.01 aM and 5.48 aM. The reproducibility and selectivity of the proposed SERS analysis platform was satisfactory. Finally, the platform was applied to quantify IDH1 R132H and BRAF V600E in the serum of subcutaneous-tumor‑bearing nude mice, and the results obtained by SERS were consistent with those from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Conclusion:The present study showed that the dual-signal amplification method is a simple and ultrasensitive strategy for gliomas-associated ctDNAs detection, which is crucial for early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring.

This paper presents the first investigation of the adsorption performance of methylene blue by the nitro-functionalized metal-organic framework (MIL-88B-NO2). MIL-88B-NO2 has a specific surface area of 836.0 m2/g, which is 109.8 % higher than MIL-88B. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue is 383.6 mg/g, which is 68.2 % higher than that of MIL-88B. This phenomenon can be attributed to the great increase in specific surface area and the introduction of nitro-functional groups. However, its microcrystalline nature makes it difficult to remove in practical applications and quickly causes secondary pollution. Therefore, the composite of MIL-88B-NO2 and calcium alginate (CA) to form aerogel maintains the inherent properties of the two materials and makes it easy to recycle. The utmost adsorption capability of MIL-88B-NO2/CA-2 aerogel is 721.0 mg/g. Compared with MIL-88B-NO2, the adsorption performance of MIL-88B-NO2/CA-2 aerogel is further improved by 88.0 %. The higher adsorption capacity of the adsorbent may be due to the synergistic interplay of electrostatic attraction, π-π conjugation, hydrogen bonding, metal coordination effect, and physicochemical properties. Also, MIL-88B-NO2/CA-2 aerogel has good recyclability, indicating that it has broad application prospects in the removal of positive dyes in contaminated water.

A hydrogel (Chitosan@UiO-67) adsorbent was prepared by a green and simple method for the adsorption of Congo red. SEM, FT-IR, TGA, BET, and XRD were used to characterize CS@UiO-67 hydrogel. The effects of temperature, initial CR concentration, contact time, pH, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption properties of CS@UiO-67 hydrogel were studied in batch adsorption experiments. FT-IR analysis showed that the hydroxyl group of chitosan had covalent coordination with Zr, which enhanced the stability of chitosan after complexation with UiO-67. As for the adsorption experiment, the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent calculated by the Langmuir model was 1001.2 mg center dot g(-1) at room temperature (301 K). Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of congo red on CS@UiO-67 hydrogel conformed to the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process accorded with the Langmuir model by isotherm analysis. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption of CR on CS@UiO-67 hydrogel spheres was mainly attributed to electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonds, and pi-pi bonds. After four cycles of regeneration, the material removal rate can still reach about 65 %. The new adsorbent has good application prospects.

With the exponentially increase of dye pollutants, the purification of dye wastewater has been an urgent ecological problem. As a novel type of porous adsorbent, metal-organic frameworks still face challenges in recyclability, agglomeration, and environmentally unfriendly synthesis. Herein, MOF-525 was in-situ growth onto the surface of the chitosan (CS) beads to fabricate MOF-525@CS aerogel. CS was utilized as substrate to uniformly disperse MOF-525, thereby significantly mitigating agglomeration and improving recyclability of MOF-525. The characterization results shown that MOF-525@CS aerogel had a high specific surface area of 103.0 m2·g-1, and MOF-525 was uniformly distributed in the 3D porous structure of CS, and the presence of benzoic acid was detected. The MOF-525@CS aerogel had a remarkable adsorption capacity of 1947 mg·g-1 for Congo red, which is greater than the sum of its parts. MOF-525@CS aerogel also inherited the rapid adsorption ability of MOF-525, removing 80 % of Congo red within 600 min. Such excellent adsorption performance can be attributed to the benzoic acid trapped by CS via CN band to enhance the π-π stacking interactions. Additionally, the utilization of benzoic acid makes the synthesis process of MOF-525@CS aerogel more environmentally friendly. The high-efficient MOF-525@CS aerogel is a competitive candidate for dye pollution adsorption.

Monitoring ferroptosis-related miRNAs is crucial for the treatment and prognosis of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. In this work, a novel hydrophobic paper (h-paper)-based plasmonic substrate was produced by dropping DS Au nanorods with a narrow range of sizes and morphologies onto h-paper. Raman reporter molecules were adsorbed to the array surface, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra at randomly selected points reveal uniform and significant SERS enhancement. Hairpin DNAs labelled with Raman reporters and hybridized with placeholder DNAs were decorated on SERS substrate to fabricate SERS biosensor. Target miRNAs initiated the “inverse Molecular Sentinel” process. During the process, PHs were removed and the conformation of HPs changed toward the hairpin structure, thus eliciting the proximity of Raman reporter to substrate and a stronger SERS signal. The proposed SERS biosensor performs well in terms of stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. The limits of detection of miR-122-5p and miR-140-5p in serum were 4.17 aM and 4.49 aM, respectively. Finally, the fabricated SERS biosensor was applied to detect miR-122-5p and miR-140-5p in ICH patients and healthy subjects, and the results obtained by SERS were consistent with the results from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, revealing the accuracy of the method. This simple, rapid approach offers great potential for the simultaneous detection of miRNAs in practical clinical applications.

Zirconium alginate/graphene oxide (ZA/GO) hydrogel spheres were prepared by crosslinking sodium alginate and GO with Zr4+. Then Zr4+ on the surface of the ZA/GO substrate acted as the metal nucleation site of the UiO67 crystal and interacted with the organic ligand biphenyl 4-4 '-dicarboxylic acid (BPDC) to make UiO-67 grow in situ on the surface of the ZA/GO hydrogel sphere by the hydrothermal method. The BET surface areas of ZA/GO, ZA/UiO-67, and ZA/GO/UiO-67 aerogel spheres were 1.29, 47.71, and 89.33 m2/g respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of ZA/GO, ZA/UiO-67, and ZA/GO/UiO-67 aerogel spheres for methylene blue (MB) at room temperature (298 K) were 145.08, 307.49, and 1105.23 mg/g respectively. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process of MB on the ZA/GO/UiO-67 aerogel sphere was consistent with the pseudo-firstorder kinetic model. Isotherm analysis showed that MB was adsorbed on ZA/GO/UiO-67 aerogel spheres as a single layer. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process of MB on the ZA/GO/UiO-67 aerogel sphere was exothermic and spontaneous. Adsorption of MB on ZA/GO/UiO-67 aerogel spheres is mainly dependent on 7C-7C bond, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bond. After 8 cycles, ZA/GO/UiO-67 aerogel spheres still showed high adsorption performance and good reuse ability.

A chitosan/alginate/graphene oxide/UiO-67 (CS/SA/GO/UiO-67) amphoteric aerogel was synthesized successfully. A series of characterization experiments of CS/SA/GO/UiO-67 amphoteric aerogel was performed by SEM, EDS, FT-IR, TGA, XRD, BET, and zeta potential. The competitive adsorption properties of different adsorbents for complex dyes wastewater (MB and CR) at room temperature (298 K) were compared. Langmuir isotherm model predicted that the maximum adsorption quantity of CS/SA/GO/UiO-67 for CR and MB was 1091.61 and 1313.95 mg/g, respectively. The optimum pH values of CS/SA/GO/UiO-67 for the adsorption of CR and MB were 5 and 10, respectively. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of MB and CR on CS/SA/GO/UiO-67 was more suitable for the pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order kinetic model, respectively. The isotherm study revealed that the adsorption of MB and CR was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic study demonstrated that the adsorption process of MB and CR was exothermic and spontaneous. FT-IR analysis and zeta potential characterization experiments revealed that the adsorption mechanism of MB and CR on CS/SA/GO/UiO-67 depended on π-π bond, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic attraction. Repeatable experiments showed that the removal rates of MB and CR of CS/SA/GO/UiO-67 after six cycles of adsorption were 67.19 and 60.82 %, respectively.

For nanomaterials, such as GO and MOF-525, aggregation is the main reason limiting their adsorption performance. In this research, Alg-Cu@GO@MOF-525 was successfully synthesized by in-situ growth of MOF-525 on Alg-Cu@GO. By dispersing graphene oxide (GO) with copper alginate (Alg-Cu) with three-dimensional structure, MOF-525 was in-situ grown to reduce aggregation. The measured specific surface area of Alg-Cu@GO@MOF-525 was as high as 807.30 m2·g−1, which is very favorable for adsorption. The synthesized material has affinity for a variety of pollutants, and its adsorption performance is significantly enhanced. In particular, tetracycline (TC) was selected as the target pollutant to study the adsorption behavior. The strong acid environment inhibited the adsorption, and the removal percentage reached 96.6% when pH was neutral. Temperature promoted the adsorption process, and 318 K adsorption performance was the best under experimental conditions. Meanwhile, 54.6% of TC could be removed in 38 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 533 mg·g−1, far higher than that of conventional adsorption materials. Kinetics and isotherms analysis show that the adsorption process accords with Sips model and pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic study further shows that the chemisorption is spontaneous and exothermic. In addition, pore-filling, complexation, π-π stack, hydrogen bond and chemisorption are considered to be the causes of adsorption.

In this study, composite hydrogels were prepared by a simple synthetic technique to adsorb methylene blue from water. The hydrogel was composed of polyacrylamide (PAM) as the carrier, grafted with pullulan polysaccharide, and modified with graphene oxide. The morphology and properties of PUL/PAM/GO composites were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Then, the adsorption performance of PUL/PAM/GO hydrogel for MB was researched, including the dose, temperature, contact time, pH, adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption thermodynamics and swelling properties. The effects of various salts in real wastewater on adsorption were simulated. The removal rate of MB by PUL/PAM/GO was high-speed, and the sample can remove 83.2% of the dye in 140 min. The adsorption kinetics was more consistent with pseudo-second-order reaction, and the Langmuir model was suitable for describing the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity was 438.7 mg g−1. Thermodynamic parameters covered the enthalpy changes (ΔH0), free energy (ΔG0), and entropy (ΔS0), which stated that adsorption by the PUL/PAM/GO hydrogels was exothermic and spontaneous.

In order to remove tetracycline (TC) from sewage more effectively, the adsorption performance of TC on alginate composite aerogel beads containing carbon nanomaterials was studied systematically. Carboxylated functionalized carbon nanotubes (F-CNTs)@Cu-based metal-organic framework (Cu-BTC) carbon nanomaterial composites (F-C) were prepared by a hydrothermal method, and the F-C powders were coated and fixed by macromolecular polymer copper alginate (CA). Then, F-CNTs@Cu-BTC@CA composite aerogel beads (F-C-CA) were prepared by a vacuum freeze-drying method. The new composite was characterized by BET, SEM, FTIR, and TGA, and its physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The results of batch adsorption experiments showed that F-C-CA aerogel beads had excellent adsorption capacity for TC. At 303 K, 10 mg F-C-CA aerogel beads adsorbed 20 mL 100 mg·L−1 TC solution; the removal rate reached 94% after 48 h. After kinetic analysis, the adsorption process of F-C-CA on TC was found to be more coherent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (chemisorption process). The isotherm fitting analysis indicated that the adsorption behavior was more suitable to the Langmuir model (monolayer adsorption), and the fitted maximum adsorption was 297 mg·g−1.

Recently, removal of antibiotic contaminants such as tetracycline (TC) from wastewater has been widely studied. In this study, we innovatively used copper alginate as the substrate and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the framework to obtain copper alginate-carbon nanotubes (CA-CNTs) composite membrane which has the "muscle-skeleton " structure after vacuum freeze-drying, cross-linking reaction and natural drying. Its performance on TC removal was verified from both filtration and adsorption. As shown by various analytical methods, the prepared composite membranes have good filtration and adsorption performance, with a maximum filtration removal rate of 95.03 % and a maximal adsorption capacity of 230.17 mgmiddotg-1 at 318 K. The adsorption equilibrium data were well in accordance with the Langmuir isothermal model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, the thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption action of TC by CA-CNTs membranes was spontaneous and endothermic. In terms of principle and mechanism, copper alginate (CA) and CNTs were mainly bonded by hydrogen bonds, and the adsorption of TC was mainly accomplished by hydrogen bonds, cation bonding bridges and n-pi EDA interactions. Meanwhile, it still had good adsorption performance after five regeneration cycles. Therefore, the prepared composite membrane has a good prospect in the application of TC removal. (C) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Institution of Chemical Engineers.

In this study, zirconium alginate hydrogel fiber (ZAHF) with directional structure was prepared by gravity -assisted wet spinning method and its fabrication was confirmed by SEM, EDS, BET, XRD, FTIR and TGA. Compared with alginate materials crosslinked with divalent metal ions, Zr4+ has a strong affinity for hydroxyl groups, which further increases the content of oxygen-containing functional groups in ZAHF. Hydroxyl func-tional groups are considered to be important in providing adsorption sites, so ZAHF is very competitive in adsorption. Furthermore, the adsorption results shown that the synthesized ZAHF can easily adsorb methylene blue (MB) from water, and has the advantages of fast adsorption speed, large adsorption capacity and easy recycling. ZAHF can adsorb MB in a wide range of pH, and the lower the temperature, the better the adsorption performance. The actual adsorption capacity is up to 1165 mg/g at 25 ?. Furthermore, the adsorption rate is also fast, with 79% MB quickly removed in 90 min and saturated in 240 min. Meanwhile, the maximum adsorption capacity calculated was reaches 1538 mg/g, which is much higher and faster than other adsorbents. The reusability investigation indicated that over 75% MB can be removed after five cycles. Adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic, monolayer physical adsorption, adsorption sites on the surface of the adsorbent evenly distributed. Pores fitting, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction were the main adsorption mechanisms. Meanwhile, the molecular dynamics simulation of electron density distribution proven that electrostatic inter-action plays an important role in the adsorption process.

The acid-modified sodium alginate (AMSA) was synthesized utilizing a simple acidification method and its synthesis was confirmed by acid-base titration method, SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and BET. The sodium alginate after acidification, with a large number of carboxyl groups introduced, was favorable to the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from water. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir model was up to 1593 mg/g, which was significantly higher than the adsorption capacity of other adsorbents reported. The adsorption rate of MB by AMSA was very fast. After the addition of adsorbent, the adsorption removal rate reached 79 % in 30 min, and the adsorption was balanced in 120 min (94 % of MB was removed). Furthermore, electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding, pore-filling and chemisorption were considered as the main adsorption mechanisms. AMSA is expected to be an optimal candidate for efficient and rapid removal of MB due to its simple synthesis, abundant sources, easy separation and no secondary pollution.