Based on equilibrium and evolutionary theory, the role playing by the government in the technology development of China＇ s automobile industry is demonstrated from a view of technology chain. It is argued that the technology development of Chi- na＇ s automobile industry is from product architecture technology, then to core component technology, finally to frontier research and development. Government plays different roles in the three parts of technology chain. It is a promoter for frontier research and development innovation, a supporter for core component technology innovation, and a guide for architecture technology innovation in turn. Different roles of government lead to different policy measures, which mainly focus on correcting ＂market failure＂ under equilibrium frame in the part of frontier research and development, correcting ＂system failure＂ under evolutionary frame in the part of architecture technology, and paying attention to correct both of failures in the part of core component technology.

The paper makes proper review on strategic changes including concept,motivation and measure method based on the literatures home and abroad,and makes a prediction towards the research trend of organizational strategic changes.

The conversion of tacit knowledge plays a key role in the model of import-digestion-renovation,while the motivation of the research and development workers is an important management means in the promotion and acceleration of converting tacit knowledge in technology import.By analyzing the obstacles to the conversion of tacit knowledge for the research and development workers,the paper suggests that two problems should be solved.One is how to motivate the research and development workers individually to convert tacit knowledge industriously;the other is how to motivate the research and development workers to share or cooperate in converting tacit knowledge.It is concluded that un-symmetric cost-benefit and self-regard in the traditional culture are the obstacles to the conversion of tacit knowledge,and some operable motivation measures such as return of bonus,reciprocity and reputation are proposed.

In the consumer electronics industry,as the middle segment of the core technological chain and the core industrial chain,the core-component technology will act as the hub of technological catching-up with a connecting link between the preceding and the following.At the base of systematic deconstruction of the core-component technology,it's further analyzed that the technological catching-up effect can be achieved by the development of the core-component technology.And take China Hualu Panasonic co.as an example of the consumer electronics enterprises in the late-development countries to demonstrate the developing path of the core-component technology.It's regarded that the development of the core-component technology at the current technological trajectory experienced the reversed chasing process from manufacturing technology,architectural technology to assembly technology.And during the changing phases of the technological trajectory,it's the key to fulfill the breakthrough innovation of the next generation of the core-component technology that rapidly jump right into the application and development of the basic technology at the base of the above reversed chasing process.

环境污染事故涉及的利益主体包括中央政府、地方政府、污染企业、社会公众四个方面,文章通过对四者之间博弈的分析,揭示了我国环境污染事故发生的根本原因,提出了相应的政策建议。

This paper reviews the research fruits on the connotation and model of strategic change,which aims to systematize the related research,and give a reference further research on strategic change.Firstly,it analyzes the research fruits on the connotation of strategic change at home and abroad from two aspects of content and process.And then it compares the rational model,cognitive model,learning model,Hakan model emphasizing learning,Rajagopalan and Spreitzer model with multi-lens,Ginsberg model,strategic change model of Liu Yi and Li Yuan,the integrating strategic change measuring model of Feng Hailong.

Technology transfer can transfer technological capability between companies,and is an effective method for developing countries to catch up with the developed countries in the area of technology.Because the main body of technological capability is the tacit knowledge system,the systematic transformation of tacit knowledge system can promote the assimilation and reconstruction of transferred technology.Based on the systematically recognizing tacit knowledge of technology transfer,the transformation process is analyzed and transformation methods that could promote the transformation of tacit knowledge are pointed out.

Network competences are the ability of a firm to sustain its competitive advantages by acquiring, integrating and restructuring the internal and external competences. The paper analyzes paths of the network competences of latecomer firms which evolve from absorptive capacity, integrative capability, transfer capability and innovation capability, and discusses the evolutionary mechanism in terms of knowledge base, knowledge framework, dynamic knowledge network and knowledge innovation. Finally, a case study about Toyota Corporation is presented

From the view of product,technology can be regarded as product technology chain consisting of key techniques which supports the invention and improvement of the terminal product,including three technical taches of the architecture technology,the core component technology and the dominant design(technology standard).Enterprises in the developing countries should set up their technology chain from the architecture design to the dominant design(technology standard)through which the enterprise's technology catching up should go and in turn,the setting up of technology chain embodies in the integrative innovation of terminal product,the progressive catching up of core component and the technology surpass of dominant design transition.This paper demonstrates systematically the three technology breakthrough modes of the technology chain through three cases of FAW Car Company,China Hualu Matsushita AVC Co.Ltd and Datang Telecom.The comparative analysis of the three cases above verifies once more that it is only the setting up of the integrated technology chain that can make the enterprise in the developing countries realize the technology catching-up indeed and the flexible application based on the absorption and innovation of external technology acquisition can accelerate the development of the technology chain.

External technology acquisition is an effective means to develop technology for enterprises in developing countries. However, the technology enhancement is very limited if the external technology is just for the application. So being different from the dynamic process of technological development based on technology innovation in the leading enterprises, the technological development of enterprises in the developing countries ought to be the reverse capability building from technology application to innovation and that the key to the above dynamic process is to systematically convert the tacit knowledge embedded in the research, development and application of the external technology. So on the basis of the identification of tacit knowledge above, this paper systematically analyzes the dynamic process of the tacit knowledge conversion.

The industrial development includes the dual development of market and technology.Thus this paper proposes the concept of core industrial chain based on the analysis of core technological chain.What is more,in the process of industrial transition,the technological development of leading enterprises in consumer electronics industry represents positive cooperativity between core technological chain and core industrial chain.But because of the lack of technological accumulation,the chasing enterprises as CHPAVC could only cut in from the low end and progress gradually to the high in the core industrial chain,which manifests as negative cooperativity.

我国企业要真正获得竞争优势必须最终依靠自主技术创新,即必须最终依赖本企业成长起来的技术知识和利用技术知识的能力.根据技术创新的过程,从企业微观层面分析了企业技术知识系统的要素组成、要素中的技术知识及管理,期望通过加强企业技术知识系统管理,充分挖掘企业技术创新的潜能.