The purpose of this research is to support and nurture tacit knowledge whilst simultaneously leading to the development of machine-based intelligent systems which incorporate machine readable knowledge for the benefit of society. This paper starts with an introduction to the persistent power struggle between human and technology and shines a light on Professor Michael Cooley’s involvement with the Lucas Plan in the 1970s and his PhD work which focused on the transition from manual draftsmanship to Computer Aided Design in engineering. A research lab is identified as a ‘complex adaptive system’ and forms the basis of a longitudinal case study on the Human Centered bottom-up approach to digitisation of cultural heritage. Components required to support and nurture the growth of a Participation Action Research lab are identified. The novel ‘ENRICHER’ method embodies human centeredness and is operationalized, tested, evaluated and findings discussed. Examples of emergence are also discussed. A metric of the ENRICHER method initially identified where the lab did not fully meet all the methods 8 points. Subsequent actions adjusted the holonic lens focus to metadata and the ongoing work on the creation of a cataloging tool for the librarians. The use of XML technologies integrates the work into a larger model of intelligence. It positions the work on the semantic web technology stack and opens up the pathway to ontology generation and development and management of large language models. The ENRICHER method is a way of developing human–machine symbiotics that also incorporate AI e.g. transcription, metadata generation.

This paper uses the INSYTE-Cooley Research Lab (I-CRL) as a case study. The view of the I-CRL as a Complex Adaptive System is expressed. Preliminary results from the analyzed data present the ‘themes’ and underlying ‘codes’ from a subset of transcripts. The research methodology uses a meta-methodology of Participation Action Research (PAR) and within the PAR framework the research method is qualitative. Reflective Thematic Analysis (RTA) is used on the transcripts. The transcripts come from regular fortnightly meetings of the I-CRL and some informal meetings. These ‘themes’, ‘codes’ and what they identify are discussed. The study is a longitudinal study. The key outcomes are the creation of a Human-Centered Systems approach to the curation and digitization of cultural heritage both tangible and intangible. The knowledge gained shows a framework within which a new method called the ENRICHER method is being operationalized, tested and evaluated. Some of the findings, so far, show tension points between human centric and techno centric world views and the importance of understanding the curation processes as a forerunner to the formation of a human-machine symbiosis.

This paper is a consolidated sharing of different types of experiences in using the Internet for specific purposes that include online teaching, meetings, conferences, webinars, developing interactive internet-based sessions and discussion panels, writing e-books or connecting the unconnected. It is written by a diverse group of members of three committees sponsoring this paper: IEEE Control Systems Society (CSS) Technical Committee on Stochastic Systems and Control (SSC), IEEE Society for Social Implications of Technology ( SSIT) Technical Activity on Universal Access of Technology (UAT) and IEEE Systems Council Committee on DEI. The paper is presented in the form of the collection of sections ending with open discussion on reflections and perspectives. The contributors represent seven different cultures on four continents. This diverse group of co-authors reflects beautifully and powerfully a multidisciplinary character of control as a field that spans all STEM fields.

This paper presents a detailed discussion of the data modelling and functional implementation of a semantically-enabled knowledge base related to the creation, digitisation and archiving of large-scale public art works. Based on principles of international best practice, standards and interoperability, the paper focuses on the use of the CIDOC-CRM ontology used in conjunction with the Arches Digital Cultural Heritage data management system to model street art-related entities and their semantic relationships. The work presented here is an extension of the work of the mementoArtem Digital Street Art Archive Project being carried out in conjunction with the INSYTE-Cooley Research Laboratory (I-CRL), South East Technological University (SETU), Waterford, Ireland.

This paper presents the experience of a class of third level students in the South East Technological University, Waterford of using assets from digital cultural heritage research to aid software engineering in the classroom. Seven students are involved in this research study. The assets are from research being carried out by the lecturer, a PhD student, in the digital cultural heritage area. The value of the assets used to illustrate metadata standards and how these standards are used, is evaluated by means of an analysis of ‘Reflective Sheets’ completed by the students as co-researchers. A single Participation Action Research (PAR) spiral is implemented. NVIVO is then used by the lecturer to enable the generation of ‘codes’ and ‘themes’ from the contents of the students reflective sheets. An analysis of these ‘codes’ and ‘themes’ is then performed.

Street art, and its close relation, graffiti, can possess a dramatic visual, aesthetic and political power. However, artworks are subject to damage and harm by many means such as weather, removal of unsanctioned works by public authorities, defacement, vandalism and even demolition. Artists themselves often regard their work as purely temporary creations. In a word, street art is fragile. The MementoArtem project was established in 2021 to explore a variety of human-centered technologies and emerging standards to document and archive, not only the physical work of street artists, but also the tacit knowledge of a variety of sources that go into their production. In this way, street art, like other cultural heritage artefacts, may be digitally preserved for future generations. It is with this in mind that we propose a metaframework for the documentation, storing and dissemination of a semantically-enabled archive of street art.

This paper looks at artificial intelligence (AI) and society and posits the idea of AI on the World Wide Web as a brain comparing it to the human brain. It frames the WWW as 'friend' to all and follows this disturbing train of thought. It speaks to tacit knowledge and tools and compares the work, skill knowledge of the librarians/curators to that of the artisan crafts person. It positions the work of the INSYTE-Cooley Research lab at the heart of this situation. Furthermore, it speaks of an 'altered reality' where a dangerous disconnection is occurring, where people are becoming observers of reality because of the abstraction that the screen provides. This spectator view is desensitizing people to what is happening in front of them and will be further fueled by the creation of the 'metaverse' in the future. It speaks of the danger of AI going from judgement to calculation without employing human reason and of the danger of humans becoming a passive audience. In this techno centric world it speaks of the amplified importance of tacit knowledge and the development of Human Centered Systems (HCS). It echoes Michael Cooleys thoughts on technology and the place of humanity within a techno-centric world. It speaks of the ethical and moral obligations to society and the danger of disregarding them.

The digital social sustainability gap narrative (O'Neill, and Stapleton 2022) endeavours to address the digital social sustainability gap by using digital technology for social benefit i.e. opening up dark archives in the digital cultural heritage area. It raises issues of the interoperability between institutions for knowledge sharing, thereby breaking the disciplinary silos and also breaking the data silos within institutions. It argues for multidisciplinary collaborations, the valorisation of tacit knowledge of co-researchers so that technology does not replace the work of the human but forms a beneficial human machine symbiosis. Further it provides an insight into the ethos-centric perspective of the ENRICHER method developed by the INSYTE-Cooley Research Lab (I-CRL). This study uses an experimental technique within the Participation Action Research (PAR) methodology to valorise human tacit knowledge and intellectual capacity so that they are placed at the heart of the development process. Action research with a combination of the Human Centered Systems (HCS) approach to systems development are combined so that a multidisciplinary group with diverse world views can collaborate to create a new human centered framework for the digitisation of cultural heritage.

A research activity proposed for the South East Technological University (SETU), Waterford in Ireland from its CONNEXIONS Catalyst pathway grant is the development of an interdisciplinary research cluster within INSYTE, which spans the schools of Business, Education, Science, Engineering and Industry. It aims to co-evolve cutting-edge models of educational delivery. This research cluster has emerged from the work of the INSYTE Centre located in the INSYTE-Cooley Research Lab (ICRL) in the Digitization Hub of the Luke Wadding Library at SETU, Waterford. Educational techniques have evolved over the past decades and these advances have not necessarily filtered down to various disciplines, e.g. engineering. The focus of this research cluster is to have the ‘Learner’ at the center of the ‘Learning Experience’ and to wrap the technology around them. This in turn, will increase the adoption and usage of such technologies. It will do this by cross-fertilization of knowledge over diverse domains to produce customised human-centred solutions for communities. Equality, diversity and inclusion are critical strands in this research. This paper shows that the European Union (EU) is supportive of changes in education required to close the skills gap in engineering and to enable reskilling to support Industry 5.0. In addition to the creation of cutting-edge models of educational delivery the vision of this multidisciplinary human centered research cluster is the establishment of a state-of-the-art pilot factory as an Irish national initiative in SETU, Waterford.

We report the proceedings of the Diversity and Inclusion panel session at the international stability and systems engineering international IFAC conference held in Kosovo in 2022. This session brought together contributions from a range of disciplines and sectors to explore new avenues of research and practice for the IFAC Diversity and Inclusions initiatives. The session arose from a special proposed session which emphasised the social effects of control and automation systems and applications, especially their tendency to exclude and marginalise, exacerbating challenges of access to technology. The effects, overall, contribute to potential international instability and the panel raised challenges and opportunities for technologists, engineers and scientists. The following paper sets out the main contributions to the panel which was chaired by Larry Stapleton and includes contributors from the United Nations Development Programme, higher education and industry.

This paper is a survey of standards being used in the domain of digital cultural heritage with focus on the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) created by the Library of Congress in the United States of America. The process of digitization of cultural heritage requires silo breaking in a number of areas—one area is that of academic disciplines to enable the performance of rich interdisciplinary work. This lays the foundation for the emancipation of the second form of silo which are the silos of knowledge, both traditional and born digital, held in individual institutions, such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums. Disciplinary silo breaking is the key to unlocking these institutional knowledge silos. Interdisciplinary teams, such as developers and librarians, work together to make the data accessible as open data on the “semantic web”. Description logic is the area of mathematics which underpins many ontology building applications today. Creating these ontologies requires a human–machine symbiosis. Currently in the cultural heritage domain, the institutions’ role is that of provider of this  open data to the national aggregator which in turn can make the data available to the trans-European aggregator known as Europeana. Current ingests to the aggregators are in the form of machine readable cataloguing metadata which is limited in the richness it provides to disparate object descriptions. METS can provide this richness.

As set out in 2021, the profile of the International Federation of Automatic and Control (IFAC) has been evolving in the area of Diversity and Inclusion (O'Neill et al, 2021). The paper presented by O'Neill et al, 2021 raised the profile of D&I within IFAC. Momentum was gained with the statement of values in the process of being adopted by the IFAC D&I Committee. The original contribution of this paper is that it details some of the solid positive progress made within IFAC in the interests of D&I since then. As with all change, when there is a strategy that is well communicated to the organization, then it is more likely to have a successful outcome. Kotter and Schlesinger discuss a systematic way to select an organizational strategy with a set of specific approaches for implementing an organizational change effort (Kotter, J. P. and Schlesinger, L. A. 2008). Progress is being made but change is slow. This paper outlines progress to date and speaks to future possibilities and connecting with other large groups such as the IEEE to see how they explore the diversity and inclusion potential within their organization as a means of moving forward. It aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development goal 5 Gender Equality. It presents a leadership opportunity for IFAC as an organization. Finally, this paper acts as an opportunity to open the discussion and be more inclusive. Inputs are sought rather like a green paper which could potentially lead to a policy document.

The paper focuses on three aspects. The first focus of this research is to investigate the challenges of women working as engineers in Kosovo and Ireland. The second focus is to investigate the challenges of both men and women working as engineers in Kosovo and Ireland. The third focus is to investigate the awareness of applicable laws regarding human rights and/or gender equality and the possibility of the inclusion of human rights and/or gender equality laws within education to help deal with discrimination problems that may arise in the future. A comparison is made between similar groups in Kosovo and Ireland. The survey asks questions about the perceived socio-economic difficulties, flexibility issues and lack of opportunity for career advancement for women and men working as engineers. In addition the survey reviews the possibility of the inclusion of human rights and/or gender equality laws during education to help deal with discrimination problems that may arise in the future.

ABSTRACTIn many political science journals, fewer than half of the invitations sent to potential reviewers are accepted. These low acceptance rates increase workloads for editors and lengthen the review process for authors. This article reports analyses of reviewer invitation acceptance at the Canadian Journal of Political Science between 2017 and 2020. We first describe predictors of invitation acceptance using a coded dataset of almost 1,500 invitations. We find that reviewers who are personally familiar to editors, located in the same country as the journal, and more junior scholars were more likely to accept invitations. We then report the results of an experiment that tested the effect of three letters on invitation acceptance. We find that a short personal note from the editor to accompany the auto-generated system message may increase reviewer acceptance rates but highlighting the journal’s prestige or reviewer recognition does not. We conclude by discussing the practical implications of our findings for editorial-team design and the editorial process.

This article adds to our understanding of the gendered impact of informal rules and norms for party leaders. Specifically, it examines the gendered nature of party leader tenures and exits. Using original data collected on party leader experiences in Canada, we test for the existence of gender differences in leader tenures and exits, and examine two potential explanations for any differences. We find that leader tenures and exits are indeed gendered but only within parties with the potential to form government, ones where the political stakes are highest. Within these major parties, women's tenures as party leaders are significantly shorter than men's and they are significantly more likely to be forced to resign from the position. We find clear evidence of the existence of the glass cliff phenomenon in major parties but unclear evidence of its role in women's shorter tenures. Instead, women's shorter tenures are explained by the harsher set of standards being applied to women party leaders.

With the establishment within IFAC of the Diversity and Inclusion Working Group in TECIS in Sozopol, Bulgaria in September 2019 the issue of Diversity and Inclusion within the discipline of engineering has been strengthened with both a new platform and a voice (Doyle-Kent et al, 2019:2020). It captures the themes already live in IFAC and is a very positive and forward thinking initiative. IFAC is a worldwide organization with over 20,000 individual members. This paper shows the core values at the heart of the new Diversity and Inclusion Working Group. It is precisely because of the establishment of this group that this “Statement of Values” has emerged in order to crystalize the strongly held beliefs and values that are at the core - the group’s “raison d’être” so to speak. This statement of values has been accepted by the members of the Diversity and Inclusion Working Group. Going forward it will be proposed as a companion document to the IFAC “Code of Conduct” and it is hoped that it will be included on the IFAC website and at conferences. This paper shows the journey to date and acts as a discussion document in which inputs are sought rather like a green paper.

This paper serves as an introduction to a problem statement for the task of designing a digital ecosystem of public employment services(PES) supported by human-machine processes. It looks at AI and algorithms and the nature of their usage in PES and, also, how, by aligning with the Human Centered ethos of Professor Michael Cooley PES can be improved for the benefit of society. As a basis from which to start, this paper shines a light on an ongoing Horizon 2020 funded collaborative project called HECAT – Disruptive Technologies Supporting Labour Market Decision Making which started from February 2020 and runs to July 2023. The HECAT project is co-ordinated by Waterford Institute of Technology and supported by partners across Europe. It has been worked on by colleagues of the authors and is concerned with the development of new technologies that valorise the PES customer. It aims to improve the PES user experience by leveraging AI and algorithms to provide real-time evidence-based insights to improve services. Professor Michael Cooley founded, with many others, the Human-Centred Systems (HCS) movement. The HCS approach valorises human tacit knowledge and strives to augment but not replace the work of the human with technology using socially useful production for the benefit of society. This paper synthesises the work of HECAT research so far and similar works so far. This work embodies new trans-disciplinary research at the convergence point of artificial intelligence and the social sciences which is, in this paper, viewed through the lens of the collective works of Professor Michael Cooley.

Background The Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de science politique (CJPS/RCSP) is a well-established international journal with a wide readership published by Cambridge University Press that serves the Canadian and international political science community. Analysis In addition to reviewing the journal’s current operations, this article reviews the main challenges faced in attempting to serve as a primary outlet for research on Canadian politics and government, as well as an omnibus journal of interest to an international audience. Additionally, operating as a fully bilingual journal and adapting to the new open access publishing model precipitated by changes to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council’s Aid to Scholarly Journals program each present their own challenges. Conclusion and implications This article concludes by reviewing options for addressing the open access challenge. Contexte La Revue Canadienne de science politique/Canadian Journal of Political Science(RCSP/CJPS)est une publication internationale bilingue bien établie. Publiée par les Presses de l’Université Cambridge,elle rejoint un large public en desservant les communautés canadienne et internationale de chercheurs s’intéressant à la science politique. Analyse En plus de passer en revue son fonctionnement actuel, l’article porte sur les défis que les éditeurs.trices ont dû relever depuis la publication du premier numéro. À titre d’exemple, la revue possède le double mandat de servir de débouché pour la recherche dans le champ de la politique canadienne tout en demeurant une revue omnibus s’adressant à un plus large public. À ceci s’ajoute les difficultés liées au fait de produire une revue bilingue. Enfin, plus récemment, la RCSP/CJPS a été placée devant le dilemme de se conformer ou non aux changements apportés au Programme d’aide aux revues savantesdu Conseil de recherche en sciences humaines du Canadavisant l’implantation du modèle du libre accès pour toutes les revues financées. Conclusion L’article conclut en explorant les solutions à emprunter pour faire face au défi du passage au libre accès aux publications savantes.

Michael Cooley was a founding member of the Human Centred Systems movement, which argued for a symbiosis in which the complementary strengths of machine and human were balanced in the development of automation and control systems. Cooley’s pioneering work and the research that followed, placed social effects and human factors at the heart of intelligent human-machine systems development and profoundly influenced the CC9 group of IFAC technical committees. In this paper we concentrate on his vision of human-machine symbiotics, applying it to web-based intelligent systems engineering. Following a survey of the literature the paper concludes that human-machine systems engineering praxis, as embodied in contemporary ontology engineering methodologies, overlooks critical aspects of human knowledge and craftmanship. Some basic principles are established by which to enhance and reframe systems development methodologies, and human-machine control and automation systems engineering research trajectories are offered to address the gaps.