We investigated intimidation of conservation social scientists, which is ongoing and aimed at silencing or discrediting research findings. Although social scientists share with conservation biologists the desire to understand and address the biodiversity crisis, their analysis of structural power relations and contradictions in conservation is sometimes not appreciated. Intimidation can take place before and during fieldwork, during the publication process, and after publication in academic and public spheres. We examined our diverse experiences of intimidation, including legal threats, character assassination, physical threats, job exclusion, and curtailment of academic freedom. Diverse actors, including national research granting bodies, international policy makers, donors, ethics bodies, and conservation biologists and organizations, may target research that does not align with their political, economic, financial, and ideological interests. We refer to intimidating practices to suppress or alter unwelcome perspectives or research findings as epistemological violence. Tactics of epistemological violence relate to structural, systemic, symbolic, discursive, and material violence and have significant implications for understanding and improving long-term conservation. Epistemological violence can impede the progress, effectiveness, and social justness of conservation and suppress critical or differently informed perspectives crucial for a well-functioning academia. Intimidation hampers crucial collaborations among disciplines and with societal partners. Epistemological violence has detrimental consequences for affected individuals, the broader conservation community, people living in or near conservation areas, and conservation achievements.

With the universal human under suspicion in modern philosophy and in anthropology, where do we stand in the Anthropocene that seems to place the human back at the center of things? Serres uses the marine world to construct his understandings of “human” and “world.” This chapter uses Serres to interpret two films about the ocean and its creatures ethnographically (one, a tale of progress in the biography of mariner Jacques Cousteau, and the other, an exploration of human/animal relationality in an encounter with an octopus). As the world returns to the “human after the human,” it can no longer count on the environment to support its reproductive capacity, longevity, agriculture, or air. Serres’s work points toward a more planetary consciousness and toward an understanding of the human as one element among many in what he calls “the great story of the Universe.”

Little is known how stigma theories apply to women living with HIV (WLWH). To apply stigma theories to WLWH, and locate within the dimensions of the Social-Ecological Model (SEM). Using a literature review and a theoretical subtraction to apply stigma forms to the SEM dimensions. WLWH begin to self-stigmatize, receive stigma based on fear from the family and community. Healthcare providers and society stigmatize WLWH by ascribing character flaws to them. The SEM allowed us to locate the dimensions of stigma and identify areas for future interventions for WLWH in Indonesia and other countries.

ABSTRACT Little is known how stigma theories apply to women living with HIV (WLWH). To apply stigma theories to WLWH, and locate within the dimensions of the Social-Ecological Model (SEM). Using a literature review and a theoretical subtraction to apply stigma forms to the SEM dimensions. WLWH begin to self-stigmatize, receive stigma based on fear from the family and community. Healthcare providers and society stigmatize WLWH by ascribing character flaws to them. The SEM allowed us to locate the dimensions of stigma and identify areas for future interventions for WLWH in Indonesia and other countries.

In the mid-2000s, Indonesia became ‘ground zero’ for an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, the H5N1 strain, which global health experts feared would cause a devastating pandemic. When asked to participate in global health measures, Indonesia’s minister of health argued that the country had ‘viral sovereignty’ and refused to share samples with the World Health Organization’s Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System. The global health community claimed, in response, that such refusal put all humanity at risk. Both sides of the debate expressed paranoia, resentment, and mistrust as their different ideas of security came into play. In the midst of these accusations and counteraccusations, little attention was paid to the larger social and ecological context in which the virus had emerged and flourished. I argue that when vital matter gets taken up within frameworks of security, human and animal bodies, narratives, and politics get scripted through concerns for biological and political vulnerability. Paranoia, resentment, and mistrust resonate as the multiple vulnerabilities of bodies and their social positioning frame uncertain futures.

Few international studies document the concerns of women living with HIV (WLWH) who were infected by their intravenous drug-using husbands. Our content analysis described the concerns of this population by analyzing 12 interviews with WLWH. Three main concerns were discussed by the women: dealing with anger and being a dedicated wife, going home to one's parents as the only place to go, and being strong and staying alive for the children. Dealing with their own emotional responses to the HIV diagnosis, lacking financial resources after the husband's death, and remaining focused on staying healthy were major issues in their stories. Indonesia needs large-scale public HIV education campaigns about the risks women encounter as wives to husbands who use intravenous drugs as well as campaigns to educate husbands about their risks. Nurses need to encourage women to get tested during prenatal care to prevent infecting their children.

Across the world, elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus is increasingly killing elephant calves and threatening the long-term survival of the Asian elephant, a species that is currently facing extinction. This article presents three open-ended stories of elephant care in times of death and loss: at places of confinement and elephant suffering like the zoos in Seattle and Zurich as well as in the conflict-ridden landscapes of South India, where the country's last free-ranging elephants live. Our stories of deadly viral-elephant-human becomings remind us that neither human care, love, and attentiveness nor techniques of control and creative management are sufficient to fully secure elephant survival. The article introduces the concept of "viral creep" to explore the ability of a creeping, only partially knowable virus to rearrange relations among people, animals, and objects despite multiple experimental human regimes of elephant care, governance, and organization. The viral creep exceeds the physical and intellectual contexts of human interpretation and control. It reminds us that uncertainty and modes of imaging are always involved when we make sense of the world around us.

Attempts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions or manage the effects of climate change traditionally focus on management or policy options that promote single outcomes (e.g., either benefiting ecosystems or human health and well-being). In contrast, co-benefits approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation address climate change impacts on human and ecological health in tandem and on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The article engages the concept of co-benefits through four case studies. The case studies emphasize co-benefits approaches that are accessible and tractable in countries with human populations that are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. They illustrate the potential of co-benefits approaches and provide a platform for further discussion of several interdependent principles relevant to the implementation of co-benefits strategies. These principles include providing incentives across multiple scales and time frames, promoting long-term integrated impact assessment, and fostering multidimensional communication networks.

This study considers the establishment of parks and protected areas in relation to local governance in Indonesia through the example of the Togean Islands National Park in Central Sulawesi. Effective management of the park requires collaborative processes that engage local resource users. Co-management provides an important model for sustainable governance, but creating a co-management system is complicated and time consuming. The authors examine the initial stages of planning and establishing the park and outline four successful social developments within these processes that can aid in the creation of a co-management system.

Through an index case in Tangerang, West Java, the Orthomyxoviridae virus H5N1 influenza became visible in Indonesia and propagated rapidly across the archipelago. This viral event incited fears of a human influenza pandemic, disrupting existing arrangements among species, peoples, institutions, and nations, and remaking their biopolitical relations and specific ontologies along the way. On the basis of ethnographic field work in technoscientific, agricultural, and security communities in Indonesia, this essay examines how a set of strains and species-the H5N1 influenza virus, wild birds, domestic poultry, and, finally, humans-combined with one another, and with ongoing Indonesian and transnational concerns over pandemic preparedness, biosecurity, and national integrity, to create a multispecies cloud. The concept of multispecies cloud refers to the narratives and material practices floating around the H5N1 event and its multiple species companions in Indonesia. As I conceptualize the cloudiness of H5N1, its key feature is the uncertainty of precisely what social and biological forms were interacting in the outbreak scenario or might consequently emerge as a consequence of entering into engagement with the virus. The influenza virus, as a quasi-species or cluster of genomes in any case of infection, is a potent source for exploring an array of biopolitical concerns in human communities that emerged alongside the virus. Risk, scale, and speculation are discussed in turn as rubrics for understanding the microbial and multispecies sociality of H5N1 influenza. Examples are drawn from the sciences of virology and ornithology, and the global health practice of disease communication, as well as from poultry agriculture.

Questions of biodiversity conservation, national parks, ecoregions and social development are often pursued through transnational collaboration. Rather than a flow of authoritative knowledge moving from the ‘west to the rest’, the problems of nature conservation can usefully be formulated in dialogue across boundaries of spatial and social difference. National parks are especially salient spaces for thinking through what it means for Southeast Asians and Euro-Americans to work together. For one, environmental problems, like smoke from forest fires or fish that spawn in coastal mangroves and school in mid-ocean, do not respect the authority or borders of nation-states. In terms of society, models for thought and social action also engage many kinds of actors across national boundaries and across lines of difference within the nation-state. Projects of biodiversity conservation continually emerge within these collaborative spaces.

In late Suharto-era Indonesia, “indigeneity” became a solution to the problem of political representation in popular natural-resource struggles. Using examples from Sumatra and Sulawesi, we examine how the concept of indigeneity was used as a means to strengthen community rights over and against state and corporate claims. In Sulawesi, scientists studied Togean Island peoples' “indigenous knowledge” as a way to affirm residents' rights to inhabit a new national park. In Sumatra, Sosa people became “customary law” peoples (masyarakat adat) as a means to claim rights to oil-palm lands that had been taken over by state and private corporations. In each case, the formation of communities as customary or indigenous was a response to the possibilities and limitations of political discourse in Indonesia, rather than a natural outcome of a certain affiliation between communities and land, place, or tradition. The political nature of this solution becomes apparent in comparing this contemporary strategy with the way claims made during the early Sukarno years in newly independent Indonesia. In 1950s Indonesia, “class” was the rubric that united communities in land struggles.

Preface vii Acknowledgments xiii List of Abbreviations xvii INTRODUCTION: Between the Human and the Wild Profusion 1 PART ONE: Diversity as Milieu 27 CHAPTER ONE: Making the Monkey 33 CHAPTER TWO: The Social Turn 53 PART TWO: Togean Cosmopolitics 75 CHAPTER THREE: Extraterrestrial Others 81 CHAPTER FOUR: On the (Bio)logics of Species and Bodies 106 PART THREE: Integrating Conservation and Development 129 CHAPTER FIVE: Fishing with Cyanide 135 CHAPTER SIX: The Sleep of Reason 154 Appendix: Scientific, Military, and Commercial Explorations in the Togean Islands and Vicinity: 1680-1999 167 Notes 171 References 181 Index 193

Culture and the Question of Rights: Forests, Coasts, and Seas in Southeast Asia. Charles Zerner, ed. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003. 289 pp.

Seaweed farming is a popular alternative livelihood approach that has been included in Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) projects in many tropical developing countries. Using a comparison of various sites in the southern Philippines and northern Indonesia, this paper examines the assumption that as fishers engage in more lucrative livelihoods, such as seaweed farming, pressure will be reduced on the fisheries. It concludes that in some cases seaweed farming has reduced certain types of fishing activities, but it should not be assumed that seaweed farming alone will result in reduced fishing effort. Appropriately combined with other resource management tools, seaweed farming can contribute to an integrated seascape management approach by providing one component of a diversified household livelihood strategy.

Research Article| February 01 2004 The Potential of People: An Interview with Chayan Vaddhanaphuti Celia Lowe Celia Lowe Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google positions (2004) 12 (1): 71–91. https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-12-1-71 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Celia Lowe; The Potential of People: An Interview with Chayan Vaddhanaphuti. positions 1 February 2004; 12 (1): 71–91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-12-1-71 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll Journalspositions Search Advanced Search 2004 by Duke University Press2004 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Articles You do not currently have access to this content.

Indonesian scientists inhabit a postcolonial world where they are both elite (within the nation) and subaltern (within transnational science) at precisely the same moments. A study of science that is neither "ethno" nor "Euro" requires a postcolonial refiguration not only of how science's matter is made but of where and by whom. In the 1990s, the Togean macaque (Macaca togeanus) was proposed as a new species endemic to the Togean Islands, the proposed site of a new conservation area in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In the scientific production of biodiverse nature, Indonesian primatologists identified the monkey first as a "new form," then as a "dubious name," and subsequently, as an "endemic species." Throughout these acts of making, unmaking, and remaking the monkey, its unique and endemic status was important for developing Indonesian conservation biology, attracting foreign donors, and enlisting government and public interest in Togean Island nature, even as forms of nature important to Togean peoples were overwritten in this process.

Beyond Great Walls: Environment, Identity, and Development on the Chinese Grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Dee Mack Williams. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. xi. 251 pp., notes, bibliography, index.