Objectifs Caractériser l’impact d’une multi-exposition post-natale à un mélange de pesticides sur le statut oxydatif et l’intégrité tissulaire en explorant la réversibilité des dommages. Méthode Un modèle murin juvénile a été exposé durant 21jours à un mélange de pesticides (organochlorés, organophosphorés, pyréthrinoïdes, herbicides et fongicides) calibré sur les quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3) d’imprégnation réelle mesurés dans le sang de cordon et le lait maternel de la cohorte Pmetox. La croissance pondérale, les poids relatifs des organes, les marqueurs de stress oxydant rénaux (MDA, GSH, SOD, catalase) et l’examen histopathologique ont été analysés à J21 et après une phase de récupération de 60jours. Résultats L’exposition induit un ralentissement significatif de la vitesse de croissance pondérale durant le traitement (p=0,032). Une hypertrophie rénale dose-dépendante est observée, avec un poids relatif passant de 1,17 à 0,03g/100g (témoins) à 1,61 à 0,02g/100g (Q3, p<0,001). Sur le plan biochimique, le stress oxydant est caractérisé par une augmentation du MDA (p=0,021 pour Q3) et une chute du GSH, déclenchant une induction compensatoire de la SOD et de la catalase (p<0,05). L’analyse histopathologique à J21 montre une gradation lésionnelle: néphropathie interstitielle aiguë (NIA) en Q1, évoluant vers une nécrose tubulaire aiguë (NTA) focale en Q3. Après 60jours de récupération, les paramètres biochimiques et pondéraux se normalisent. Toutefois, l’évaluation tissulaire révèle une récupération incomplète: une réparation tubulaire est amorcée en Q1 et Q2 malgré une inflammation persistante, le groupe Q3 présente une intensification de la NTA, marquant une chronicité des lésions malgré l’arrêt de l’exposition. Conclusion La sévérité de la toxicité observée résulte d’interactions critiques. En situation de mono-exposition, les PYR sont rapidement hydrolysés par les carboxylestérases. Toutefois, la présence d’OP (profénofos) inhibe irréversiblement ces enzymes par liaison covalente, augmentant la biodisponibilité et la demi-vie des PYR (Tang et al., 2008). Ce mécanisme de potentialisation est aggravé par la présence de fongicides triazoles, inhibiteurs des cytochromes P450 (CYP3A/CYP2C), limitant davantage le métabolisme oxydatif des toxiques. Inversement, les OC agissent comme de puissants inducteurs du CYP450, risquant de générer des métabolites réactifs secondaires (Kefi et al., 2021). Cette compétition enzymatique et ces inhibitions réciproques, couplées à l’immaturité des systèmes de défense néonataux, créent une charge oxydative excessive. L’hétérogénéité des effets observés en conditions réelles s’explique par ce réseau complexe d’interactions fonctionnelles qui surpasse les capacités de résilience organique. Ces résultats démontrent qu’une exposition post-natale à un mélange complexe de pesticides, aux doses environnementales réelles, provoque une toxicité rénale médiée par le stress oxydant. Si les signes systémiques et biochimiques semblent réversibles, la persistance et l’aggravation des lésions histologiques aux fortes doses soulignent un risque de séquelles rénales à long terme. Ce projet a été réalisé avec l’assistance financière de Centre de recherche pour le développement international (CRDI) et du ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation (MESRI) à travers le FIRST, dans le cadre du programme de financement SGCI2.

Bioavailable trace metals in sediments can be a significant source of contamination for aquatic organisms. The present study aims to evaluate the overall toxicity of the bioavailable fraction of Pb and Cd in sediments from the Senegalese coast on the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri. Surface sediment samples were collected at five sites (Rufisque, Soumbedioune, Saint-Louis, Hann, and Kayar) on the Senegalese coast during the dry and wet seasons, and trace metals content were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed a high level of contamination at the Rufisque and Soumbedioune sites, mainly related to lead and more pronounced during the dry season. In contrast, cadmium had the highest bioavailable fraction, exceeding 80% during the dry season at the Soumbedioune, Rufisque, and Saint-Louis sites, suggesting an anthropogenic origin for these metals. The results of the test carried out on the marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri confirm this observation by highlighting a proven higher toxicity of sediments during the dry season at the Soumbedioune site, followed by Rufisque, compared to the Kayar control site. Ultimately, this work has shown that even though lead contributes more to sediment contamination, the harmful effects on aquatic life are more related to cadmium due to its higher bioavailability. These effects are more pronounced in the dry season and at Soumbedioune due to the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater without prior treatment.

Energy storage relies on the subtle interface engineering of carbon and other materials to achieve high performance. Herein, a novel electrode nanocomposite material of 1,2,3-benzene tricarboxylic acid diazonium-functionalized carbon nanotube (f-CNTs) with immobilized silver nanoparticles (Ag) is proposed. The physicochemical properties of the resulting nanocomposite f-CNTs@Ag were investigated by SEM, ATG, DRX, XPS, Raman, FT-IR, and UV–vis characterization to account for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and their deposition on the arylated carbon nanotubes. Electrochemical performances, i.e., capacitive behaviors and kinetic reactions on the electrode’s surface, were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). EIS was used to impedance of the surface-modified electrodes. The maximum specific capacitance of f-CNTs@Ag is 127.68 F g−1 at a sweep rate of 10 mV s−1, and the specific capacitance retention rate is 95

This review underscores the urgent need to evaluate and regulate pesticide use, while promoting sustainable agricultural practices to safeguard the health of children and pregnant women. Raising public awareness about the dangers of these chemical substances and strengthening research capacity in Africa are crucial steps, especially given the scarcity of regional data on this issue. This article is published in HRA Vol 3 (12), December 2025.

La consommation de riz au Sénégal représente en moyenne 77 % de la consommation céréalière. Le riz est fortement impliqué dans l’exposition alimentaire à l’arsenic inorganique. Nous avons mené une étude transversale, de janvier à mai 2022, à visée analytique basée sur le schéma standard d’évaluation des risques proposé par le Codex Alimentarius. Après minéralisation humide, nos 56 échantillons ayant donné 14 échantillons composites de riz (blanc et brun) prélevés dans trois marchés de Dakar (Tilène, Castor et Grand Dakar) ont été analysés au laboratoire de toxicologie et d’hydrologie (LTH) de la faculté de médecine de pharmacie et odontologie (FMPO) de l’université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) par la technique de spectrometrie d’absorption atomique par générateur d’hydrure (SAA-GH). La teneur moyenne en arsenic inorganique (0,6834μg/g ; 0,7779μg/g et 0,8617μg/g respectivement pour le riz parfumé, non parfumé et local) dans les échantillons analysés dépassait la norme du Codex Alimentarius, qui est de 0,3mg/kg. La valeur de l’apport journalier en arsenic (2,1283μg/kg/j ; 2,4226μg/kg/j et 2,6836μg/kg/j respectivement pour le riz parfumé, non parfumé et local) s’avère élevée par rapport à la valeur toxicologique de référence proposée par US-EPA : 0,3μg/kg de poids corporel par jour (pc/j). Le calcul du quotient de danger (QD) ainsi que l’excès du risque individuel (ERI) sont supérieurs aux valeurs seuil. Ce qui suggère que la consommation de riz commercialisée à Dakar à raison de 218g/jour par un adulte de 70 kg peut être associée à un risque sanitaire potentiel.

The production of electronic waste (e-waste) continues to increase every day, especially in developing countries. This study investigated the subacute toxicity of e-waste contaminated soils on male Wistar rats by evaluating selected biochemical and haematological parameters. Six groups of five adult rats were exposed for 28 days through bedding contact to 1 kg of soils from collection, repair and dismantling e-waste sites, composite mixture soil, commercial soil (Fontainebleau sand), and control soil (Bambilor, no e-waste activity). Soil analysis revealed elevated concentrations of lead (637.2 ppm) and cadmium (6.31 ppm) in dismantling soil, copper (442.58 ppm) and chromium (99 ppm) in composite soil, exceeding control levels (lead: 0.31 ppm, cadmium: 0.44 ppm, copper: 4.14 ppm and chromium: 0.81 ppm) (p<0.05). Biochemical assays showed no-significant increases in hepatic (AST: 237.20 ± 66.69 U/L; ALT: 117.60 ± 28.38 U/L) and renal markers (urea : 143.40 ± 20.51 mg/dl) in dismantling group compared to controls (AST: 170.40 ± 15.58 U/L; ALT: 97.80 ± 9.07 U/L ; urea : 128.00 ± 11.90 mg/dl) (p<0.05). Haematological analysis also revealed non-significant elevations in white blood cells, red blood cells in all exposure groups compared to the control group. These results demonstrate that e-waste contaminated soils, in particular dismantling sites, may induce significant toxicity linked to lead, cadmium and copper bioaccumulation. The results underscore the urgent need for regulated e-waste management in developing regions to mitigate health risks for exposure populations. Major Findings: The study found that Wistar rats exposed to e-waste contaminated soil, particularly dismantling site with high lead and cadmium levels, showed significant increases in liver and kidney toxicity markers. These results demonstrate that e-waste pollution poses a serious health risk, underscoring the urgent need for regulated e-waste management in developing regions.

Rice consumption in Senegal represents on average 77% of cereal consumption. Rice is strongly involved in dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic. We conducted a cross-sectional study, from January to May 2022, with analytical aims based on the standard risk assessment scheme proposed by the Codex Alimentarius. After wet mineralization, our 56 samples, which were composed by 14 composite samples of rice (white and brown) collected from three markets in Dakar (Til & egrave;ne, Castor and Grand Dakar), were analyzed at the Laboratory of Toxicology and Hydrology (LTH) of the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology (FMPO) of the Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD) using the Hydrid Generator Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (SAA-GH) technique. The average inorganic arsenic content (0.6834 mu g/g; 0.7779 mu g/g and 0.8617 mu g/g for fragrant, non-fragrant and local rice respectively) in the analyzed samples exceeded the Codex Alimentarius standard of 0.3 mg/kg. The daily intake value of arsenic (2.1283 mu g/kg/d; 2.4226 mu g/kg/d and 2.6836 mu g/kg/d for fragrant, non-fragrant and local rice respectively) was found to be high compared to the Toxicological Reference Value proposed by US-EPA: 0.3 mu g/kg of body weight per day (bw/d). The calculation of the hazard quotient (HQ) as well as the excess individual risk (ERI) are higher than the threshold values. This suggests that the consumption of rice marketed in Dakar at a rate of 218g/day by an adult weighing 70 kg may be associated with a potential health risk. (c) 2025 Societe Franc,aise de Toxicologie Analytique. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

The title compound, (C2H10N2)2[(C10H12N2O8)(MoO3)2]·4H2O, which crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group, was obtained by mixing molybdenum oxide, ethyl-enedi-amine and ethyl-enedi-amine-tetra-acetic acid (H4edta) in a 2:4:1 ratio. The complex anion contains two MoO3 units bridged by an edta4- anion. The midpoint of the central C-C bond of the edta4- anion is located on a crystallographic inversion centre. The independent Mo atom is tridentately coordin-ated by a nitro-gen atom and two carboxyl-ate groups of the edta4- ligand, together with the three oxo ligands, producing a distorted octa-hedral coordination environment. In the three-dimensional supra-molecular crystal structure, the dinuclear anions, the organo-ammonium counter-ions and the solvent water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯Ow, N-H⋯Oedta and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, (C2H10N2)2[(C10H12N2O8)(MoO3)2]·4H2O, which crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group, was obtained by mixing molybdenum oxide, ethylenediamine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (H4edta) in a 2:4:1 ratio. The complex anion contains two MoO3 units bridged by an edta4− anion. The midpoint of the central C—C bond of the edta4− anion is located on a crystallographic inversion centre. The independent Mo atom is tridentately coordinated by a nitrogen atom and two carboxylate groups of the edta4− ligand, together with the three oxo ligands, producing a distorted octahedral coordination environment. In the three-dimensional supramolecular crystal structure, the dinuclear anions, the organoammonium counter-ions and the solvent water molecules are linked by N—H...Ow, N—H...Oedta and O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In this paper, two new compounds, (1) and (2), have been synthesized by a one pot process at the reflux condition. Both compounds were characterized by infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques, as well as by X-ray diffraction. The compound (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P21/n and the compound (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic system but with the space group P21/c. The structure consists of a non-protonated heptamolybdates polyanions, stabilized by organoammonium groups and water molecules. The cohesion of the three-dimensional structure is ensured by hydrogen bonds between the polyanions, the organoammonium groups, and the water molecules, thereby providing significant stability to the compound.

(C8H20N)8[Mo10O34] comprises a centrosymmetric deca­molybdate polyanion linked through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to di­butyl­ammonium counter-cations.

Two compounds of polyoxometalate, (NH4)5[IMo6O24]·3NH3.5H2O (1) and (NH4)6[TeMo6O24]·NH3.5H2O (2), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis IR and Uv-visible spectroscopy TG analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal data for these compounds are the following: 1, orthorhombic, Pccn, a=14.2765(4) Å, b= 14.9384(3) Å, c=14.6053(3) Å, α=90°, β = 90°, γ =90°, Z =10 2, orthorhombic, Pccn, a=14.2538(5) Å, b= 14.9475(5) Å, c=14.6598(5) Å, α=90°, β = 90°, γ =90°, Z =10. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited 2D networks derived from Anderson A-type [XMo6O24]5- (X=I (1) or Te (2) ) anions H2O and NHY(Y-3)+ (y= 3 or 4). The electrochemical and photochromic properties of these compounds were studied. And it reveals that compound (2) shows excellent redox and photochromic properties. Unlike compound (1) which has good redox properties but weak photochromic properties.

Synthesis strategy of hybrids Polyoxometalates have drawn a lot of attention owing to interesting. Herein, we describe, the one pot process used to synthesize a new hybrid polyoxotungstate, (C6H20N3)2[TeW6O24].8H2O, at a temperature of 200°C. This preparation was carried out by mixing equimolar amounts of H2WO4, C6H17N3, and H6TeO6. The compound was characterized by infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques, as well as by X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P21/c. The unit cell are: a = 8.74874(14) Å, b = 12.5894(2) Å, c = 18.5176(3) Å, α = 90°, β = 92.6078(14)°, γ = 90°. The compound consists of a non-protonated Anderson-type heteropolyanion [TeW6O24]6- stabilized by two organoammonium cations [C6H20N3]3+ and eight water molecules. The polyoxoanion [TeW6O24]6- adopts an Anderson-Evans type structure of class A. Thus, the polyanion is bult of six {WO6} units surrounding a {TeO6} octahedron. The six {WO6} are linked together by edges sharing and connected around the heteroatom, via oxygen atoms, forming a planar structure with approximate D3d symmetry. The cohesion of the three-dimensional structure is ensured by hydrogen bonds between the polyanions, the organoammonium groups, and the water molecules, thereby providing significant stability to the compound. UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy shows a strong absorption band at 296nm attributed to Ligand-Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) transition of the O→W and the main IR absorption bands of the polyanion appear at: 942 cm⁻¹, 875 cm⁻¹, 766 cm⁻¹ and 599 cm-¹.

In the title salt, (C8H20N)8[Mo10O34], the [Mo10O34]8− polyanion is located about an inversion centre and can be considered as a β-type octamolybdate anion to which two additional MoO4 tetrahedra are linked via common corners. The [Mo10O34]8− polyanions are packed in rows extending parallel to [001] and are connected to the dibutylammonium counter-cations through N—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions.

The title compound is a binuclear complex of molybdenum with a ethyl­enedi­amine­tretra­acetate ligand bridging two MoO3 units.

A new asymmetric bidentate Schiff base ligand was synthesized from a condensation reaction between 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde (C7H4Cl2O) and 1,3-pentanediamine (C5H14N2). A cadmium complex was prepared by adding Cd(II) iodide dissolved in methanol to a methanolic solution of the Schiff base ligand, in a ratio of 1:1. The ligand was characterized by elemental, spectroscopic (IR, 1H NMR), and thermogravimetric analyses. The ligand structure, thermally very stable, is revealed to be bidentate with two potential N-donor sites. The crystal structure of the Schiff base was elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound crystallizes in a monoclinic system with a space group P21/n and a number of units per unit cell Z = 4. The unit cell parameters are: a =7.3885(2), b =16.9332 (4), c = 15.5624(4), and β = 90.4306(10). In the asymmetric unit of the ligand, the benzene rings C08/C10/C09/C11/C21/C17 and C20/C15/C13/C18/C22/C24 are in trans position with the aliphatic group with respect to the bonds (C07-N05) and (C19-N06), respectively. In addition, these two aromatic rings are located in two different planes, forming an angle of 3.60º between them, given that the dihedral angle between the ring C08/C10/C09/C11/C21/C17 and the aliphatic group N05-N06 is 67.49º. The spectroscopic data of the complex reveals a mononuclear complex where the Cd(II) ion is housed in a N2I2 coordination site with a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. The conductance data indicate that the complex is a neutral electrolyte.