Objective To study the effect of Clothianidin stress on the content of GSH and Protein in Brassica pekinensis. Methods The content of GSH and Protein in Brassica pekinensis is determined by Coomassie brilliant blue and Ellman methods. Results The results showed that the synthesis of GSH and protein was suppressed under the Clothianidin stress in the high and low concentration groups.The concentrations in study groups were lower than controls significantly.At last,it is consistent with the control group. Conclusion The content of GSH and protein in Brassica pekinensis suffered Clothianidin stress changes significantly in early time.So it could be served as sensitive biomarker under Clothianidin stress in Brassica pekinensis.

Objective To study the cleanup-rate of methomyl in blood sample after hemoperfusion.Methods We put methomyl standard solution into the health human blood,and took it through a HA230 resin hemoperfusion cartridge having the huge absorption capacity.Then the blood samples were extracted by acetic ether,at last the contents of methomyl were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The limit line of methomyl in mankind blood was 0.02ng.The recoveries of low,middle and high three kinds added were between 93.32% and 103.24%.The relative standard deviations(RSD) was between 2.63% and 4.88%.The cleanup-rate was 98.68%~99.64%.Conclusion The poisons mostly are removed out from blood after poisons absorption through HA230 resin hemoperfusion and the concentration of methomyl in blood is reduced rapidly.

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.

Objective Study of blood organophosphorus pesticides by gas chromatography,improve detection process,optimizing the detection of conditions,establish simple and efficient extraction and purification method is accurate,rapid and sensitive detection method Chromatography.Methods Of blood poisoning after extraction with ethyl acetate,using capillary gas chromatography to determine their contents.Results Analysis of the detection limit of 0.8ng,the low,middle and high concentrations of recoveries is 95.4%±5.85%,91.2%±11.5% and 92.8%±5.5% resperctively.Conclusion The method is sensitive,accurate,reliable and suitable for human blood Proenofos testing.

Objective To adjust the influencing factors in the MBTH Spectreophotom etry method for determination of formaldehyde in the air(GB/T 18204.26).Methods Analysis the experiment on color development temperature and reaction time;absorption wave length and the acidity of color development reaction.Results The detection limit is 0.058μg/5mL,the linear range is 0.1～2.0μg/5mL,and covery efficiency varied from 93%～97%.Conclusion The method could meet the precisionand accuracy of the detection,It is simple、and rapid and it is suitable for determining trace formaldehyde in the air.

Objective To study the effects of imidacloprid stress on the content of protein in salad. Methods The activities of protein and GSH are determined by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 and Ellman methods. Results The results showed that the synthesized protein and GSH were suppressed under the imidacloprid stress in the high and low concentration groups. They increased slowly after reached the rock bottom;At last,it was consistent with the control group. Conclusion The contents of protein and GSH in salad suffered imidacloprid stress change significantly in the early time,so they can be served as sensitive biomarker under imidacloprid stress in salad.

Objective To establish a sensitive and simple method for determination of residual clothianidin Brassica chinensisl.Methods The sample was extracted with acetone,and cleaned up with an LC-Si column.Separation was carried out on ODS-C18column(250mm×4.6mm,filling-material:Kromasil,grading:5μm) with CH3OH-H2O(45:55 V/V) as mobile phase,with a flow rate of 1.0ml/min.Ultraviolet detection was performed at 265nm.Results The average recovery was between 90.23%～94.4% with the relative standard deviation of 3.3%～5.4%(n=6).Conclusion The lowest detection limit of instrument for clothianidin was 0.02ng,and the limit of quantification in Brassica chinensis was 0.004mg/kg.This method can meet the requirement for determination of residual clothianidin.

百草枯是高效除草剂,属中等毒性农药.在生产和生活中百草枯中毒较为常见,且百草枯中毒患者的总病死率为85%～95%[1],已经引起世界各方面的密切关注.因此,有必要建立生物体液中百草枯的快速分析检测方法,为法医学及临床诊断和治疗提供依据.近年来,血液灌流被广泛用于百草枯农药中毒的抢救,并收到较好的治疗效果[2,3].我们选用包膜活性炭做灌流吸附剂对血液中百草枯灌流清除,以期为临床血液灌流治疗及改进提供有价值的参考数据.

农药通过抑制昆虫乙酰胆碱酯酶或脑细胞微管蛋白聚合等方式来达到除虫效果,对害虫具有触杀和胃毒作用,用在植物病虫害防治上效果明显.当植物接触一定量农药后,通常通过检测农药在植物体内的残留来判断植物受农药污染的程度,所以对植物中农药残留量测定的研究报道较多.但近年来许多研究者开始关注农药污染对植物生物标志物影响的研究.

Objective:An experiment was carried out to study the effects of clothianidin stress on the activities of peroxydase(POD) in brassica chinensisl.Methods:POD activities were measured by the method of guaiacol,and the change of 0.01 of A470 within 1 minute was selected as one unit of the activity of peroxidase.Results:POD activities in brassica chinensisls were induced by clothianidin with the two concentrations.The concentrations in study groups were higher than those in controls significantly.With the degeneration of clothianidin,the concentrations in study groups were similar with the controls at the end of study.Conclusion:POD was changs significantly with the influence of clothianidin,and can be used as the biomarker of the pollution and edibility of brassica chinensisl.

Objective To study the rapid determinantion of orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticide and the cleanup-rate in blood sample after hemoperfusion.Methods We put orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticides into healthy sheep blood,and take it through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus,and then monomers residue of orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticides were determined by CGC.Results The recovery rate of low,middle and high three kinds added were between 89.3% and 104.4%.The relative standard deviations(RSD) were between 2.2% and 11.6%.Before hemoperfusion,concentration of dichlorovos is 9.84μg/ml,and concentration of methyl parathion is 9.96μg/ml.But after 3.0h,concentration of dichlorovos and cleanup-rate is 0.68μg/ml ~1.59μg/ml、13.7μg/min ~15.2μg/min respectively,and concentration of methyl parathion and cleanup-rate is 0.20μg/ml~0.59μg/ml、15.6μg/min ~16.1μg/min respectively.Conclusion Orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticides mostly were removed out from blood after hemoperfusion with activated carbon,and the concentration of each monomer of orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticides in blood was reduced rapidly.However,Time of hemoperfusion and dosage of membrane coated activated charco should be chosen according to poisoning degree.

Objective In order to discriminate different violatile organic compounds(VOCs)with two different core sizes of n-octanethiolate-capped gold nanoparticles as chemically sensitive layers on chemiresistor vapor sensors which have different resistance and capacitance responses to VOCs.Methods Octanethiol monolayer-protected gold(nano)clusters(MPCs) at the Au/thiolate mole ratio of 4:1 and 8:1 were synthesized by a Brust two-phase method and purified with column chromatograph,respectively,and used as chemically sensitive layers on chemiresistor vapor sensors for detection of VOCs.Results The results indicate that nanoparticle size,impurities of nanoparticles and the dielectric constant of analyte displayed influence on the resistance and the capacitance.The four sensors have different resistance and capacitance responses for VOCs).Conclusion The response pattern showed that the sensor array could discriminate VOCs with different functional groups.

我国的生物监测工作始于50年代初,但由于仪器设备及科学知识的局限,监测指标主要是体液中的毒物及其代谢产物,监测方法主要是化学法或薄层层析法.

Objective An experiment was carried out to study the effects of imidacloprid stress on the activities of polyphenoloxidase(PPO) in Lett uce Lett uce.Methods The activities of ppo was determined by spectrophotography method.Results The results showed that the activity of PPO was promoted under the imidacloprid stress in two concentration groups.Its concent is obviously higher than control group,Then declined.At last,it is consistent with the control group.Conclusion The activity of PPO in salad suffered Imidacloprid stress changes significantly in the early time,so PPO could be served as sensitive biomarker under Imidacloprid stress in salad.

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法,研究了50%噻虫胺水溶性分散剂在小白菜上的残留动态和最终残留量.样品经丙酮提取、极性硅胶柱净化后进行高效液相色谱分析,选用ODS-C18色谱柱,以V(甲醇):V(水)=45:55为流动相,流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为265 nm.在此条件下,噻虫胺的平均加标回收率在93.02%～94.4%之间,相对标准偏差为3.3%～5.4%(n=6).该方法的最小检知量为0.02 ng,在小白菜中的最低检出浓度为0.004 mg/kg.噻虫胺在不同设施浓度时的残留消解程均符合一级动力学方程,低浓度和高浓度设施组的降解方程分别为y=28.633e-0.4301x、y=35.816e-0.3374x,降解半衰期分别为1.61天和2.05天.推荐剂量和加倍剂量各施药3次,12 d后残留量均低于0.2 mg/kg.

Objective:To study the rapid determinantion of orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticide and the cleanup-rate in blood sample after hemoperfusion.Methods:We put orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticides into healthy sheep blood,and take it through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus,and then monomers of orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticides were determined by GC.Results:Before hemoperfusion,concentration of dichlorovos is 9.84 μg/ml,and concentration of methyl parathion is 9.96 μg/ml.But after 3.0 h,concentration of dichlorovos and cleanup-rate is respectively 0.68~1.59 μg/ml,13.7~15.2 μg/min,and concentration of methyl parathion and cleanup-rate is respectively 0.20~0.59 μg/ml,15.6~16.1 μg/min.Conclusion:Orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticides mostly were removed out from blood after hemoperfusion with activated carbon,and the concentration of each monomer of orgnaophosphorus mixed pesticides in blood was reduced rapidly.However,time of hemoperfusion and dosis of membrane coated activated charco should be chosen suitably on the basis of the poisoning degree.

Objective To compare the clearance efficiencies of blood profenofos by hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal and HA230 absorption resin. Method Profenofos standard solutions were mixed with blood samples from healthy subjects, and the profenofos in blood samples was adsorbed by hemoperfusion through a column containing membrane coated activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin. The remaining profenofos in blood was then extracted by ethylacetate and determined by capillary gas chromatography. Result The lowest limit for blood methamidophos measurement by this method was 0.8ng. The recovery rate to low, middle and high concentrations of blood profenofos was 95.1%～101.2%, with the relative standard deviation of 1.11%～10.97%. By hemoperfusion using membrane coated activated charcoal column and HA230 absorption resin column, the clearance efficiencies were 78.2%～85.8% and 84.5%～93.8%, respectively. Conclusion Blood profenofos can be cleared efficiently and rapidly by hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.

虫啉(Imidacloprid),1-(6-氯吡啶-3-基甲基)-N-硝基亚咪唑烷-2-基胺,它是一种新型高效氯代烟碱类内吸性广谱杀虫剂,其胃毒与触杀作用较为突出.吡虫啉作用机制独特,表现为极高的触杀、胃毒及优良的内吸作用,它能选择性地抑制昆虫神经系统中的乙酰胆碱受体,并能与昆虫中枢神经系统中烟酸乙酰胆碱受体有效结合,从而破坏昆虫中枢神经的正常传导,杀死害虫.

随着活性炭包膜材料的采用和改进以及新型吸附材料的不断开发,血液灌流(HP)应用范围越来越广,动物实验及临床研究发现,HP不但对重症毒物、药物中毒有良好的疗效,而且对许多慢性、顽固性和疑难性疾病也有一定疗效.但在灌流过程中的许多不良反应仍是困扰其发展应用的瓶颈,很多研究者为克服或减小其不良反应对灌流吸附装置及操作程序做了不少改进.本文在HP的临床应用及技术改进方面作一综述.

Objective In order to study the Cleanup-rate of Methyl parathion in blood sample after hemoperfusion.Methods We put dimethoate standard solution into the health human blood,and take it through HA230 absorption resin and membrane activated charcoal hemoperfusion adsorption column,and then the blood samples were extracted by ethyl acetate,at last the contents of dimethoate were determined by Capillary Gas Chromatography(GC).Results When each milliliter blood adds 30μg methyl parathion and the amount of used absorbent is 80mg,the percentage clearance of HA230 resin reaches 97% and closes to the platform;the percentage clearance of active carbon is approximately 80%,but the percentage clearance can reach 96% and gradually approaches the platform.Conclusion The Membrane activated charcoal and HA230 resin can both effectively eliminate the majority of methyl parathion in the blood,and the percentage clearance of the HA230 resin is higher than the membrane activated charcoal.