Berberine demonstrates protective effects against diabetic kidney disease (DKD), yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigated whether berberine alleviates DKD through modulation of the gut microbiota and the sodium butyrate-mediated HDAC1/GPX4 axis (Histone deacetylase 1 / glutathione peroxidase 4). In diabetic (db/db) mice, berberine treatment significantly ameliorated renal injury, reduced proteinuria and serum creatinine, increased the abundance of the butyrate producing bacterium Lachnospiraceae and plasma butyrate levels, while downregulating renal HDAC1 and upregulating GPX4 expression. In high glucose (HG) stimulated human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs), sodium butyrate enhanced cell viability, improved tube formation, and suppressed lipid peroxidation, effects counteracted by the ferroptosis inducer RSL3. Sodium butyrate inhibited HG-induced HDAC1 expression, increased H3K9 acetylation, and enriched H3K9ac binding to the GPX4 promoter. Overexpression of HDAC1 attenuated sodium butyrate's protective effects against HG-induced injury and ferroptosis. In conclusion, berberine attenuates DKD by increasing sodium butyrate, which modulates the HDAC1/GPX4 axis to inhibit ferroptosis in glomerular endothelial cells, providing a novel mechanistic insight and potential therapeutic strategy.

Objective Placenta-derived inflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). IL-32 is a novel pro-inflammatory cytokine and metabolic regulator involved in the development of metabolic disease. We investigated the effect of IL-32 in GDM. Materials and Methods First-trimester C-reactive protein (CRP) level was monitored in a case-control study of 186 women with GDM and 186 women without. Placental tissue was lysed and analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Circulating level of inflammatory cytokines IL-32, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA kits. The expression of placenta-derived macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, and related pathway proteins were assessed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence. Results First-trimester CRP level in peripheral blood was closely associated with glucose and insulin resistance index and was an independent correlation with the development of GDM. High-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that placenta-derived CRP expression was dramatically elevated in women with GDM. Interestingly, the expression of placenta-derived IL-32 was also increased and located in the macrophages of placental tissue. Meanwhile, the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and p-p38 were up-regulated in the placental tissues with GDM. Either IL-6 or TNF-α was colocated with IL-32 in the placental tissue. Importantly, circulating IL-32 throughout pregnancy was increased in GDM and was related to placental-derived IL-32 expression, circulating IL-6, and TNF-α, glucose and insulin resistance index. Conclusion Increased circulating IL-32 throughout pregnancy was closely associated with placenta macrophage-derived IL-32 expression and GDM. First trimester IL-32 level in peripheral blood may serve to predict the development of GDM.

Objective:To investigate the effects of persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimester of pregnancy on complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted in 784 pregnant women including 111 cases of persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimester of pregnancy and 673 pregnant women with normal thyroid function as control group. All women were registered and delivered in the Department of Obstetrics of our hospital from April 2016 to April 2017. The complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy in the two groups were analyzed.Results:Age, body weight before pregnancy, body mass index(BMI), 1 h plasma glucose and 2 h plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test in persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia group were higher than those in control group( P<0.05), with increased incidence of anemia during pregnancy( P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the incidences of gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension between the two groups( P>0.05). No significant statistical differences were found in macrosomia, stillbirth, neonatal malformation, postpartum hemorrhage, acute delivery, premature delivery, fetal intrauterine development delay, and small full-term infants between the two groups( P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age( OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.1, P=0.002) and pre-pregnancy body weight( OR=1.0, 95% CI 1.0-1.1, P=0.046) were risk factors for the occurrence of persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimesters was associated with anemia during pregnancy( OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2, P=0.024). Conclusions:Pregnant women who are older and heavier before pregnancy should pay more attention to their thyroid function. Pregnant women with persistent isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first and second trimesters should be concerned for anemia.

Objective To explore the relationship between estradiol (E2) and thyroid function during the second trimester of pregnancy and the effect of E2 on sodium iodide transporter (NIS) expression in cultured thyroid cells. Materials and methods We analyzed relationships between E2 and thyroid function in 196 pregnant women during the second trimester. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed between E2 and thyroid function. The human thyroid Nthy-ori3-1 cells were cultured in different E2 concentrations, and the mRNA levels of NIS, estrogen receptor (ER)-α, and ER-β were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Their protein levels were assessed by western blot. Results E2 was positively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and negatively correlated with free thyroxine (FT4) (P < 0.05). When we corrected for age, BMI, alanine aminotransferase, and serum creatinine, E2 was still negatively correlated with FT4 (P < 0.5) during the second trimester. In Nthy-ori3-1 cells treated with 10 nM E2, NIS and ER-β mRNA levels were significantly reduced, while ER-α mRNA level was not altered (P > 0.5). Moreover, 10 nM E2 significantly decreased protein levels of ER-β, phosphorylated versions of protein kinase A (p-PKA), phosphorylated versions of cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), and NIS, while treatment with the ER-β inhibitor restored the expression of p-PKA, p-CREB, and NIS (P < 0.05). Conclusion High concentration of E2 has a negative correlation with FT4. High concentration of E2 can inhibit the NIS expression through the ER-β-mediated pathway, which may cause thyroid hormone fluctuations during pregnancy.

CONTEXT:The immune system plays a central role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Monocytes, the main innate immune cells, are especially important in the maintenance of a normal pregnancy. OBJECTIVE:Here, we investigated the potential effect of monocytes in GDM. METHODS:Monocyte count was monitored throughout pregnancy in 214 women with GDM and 926 women without in a case-control and cohort study. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, placenta-derived macrophages, and their products were measured. RESULTS:Throughout pregnancy, monocyte count was significantly decreased in women with GDM, and was closely associated with glucose level, insulin resistance, and newborn weight. First-trimester monocyte count outperformed that of the second and third trimester as a risk factor and diagnostic predictor of GDM and macrosomia both in the case-control and cohort study. In addition, our cohort study showed that as first-trimester monocyte count decreased, GDM and macrosomia incidence, glucose level, and newborn weight increased in a stepwise manner. Risk of GDM started to decrease rapidly when first-trimester monocyte count exceeded 0.48 × 109/L. Notably, CD206 and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were significantly lower, whereas CD80, CD86, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were higher both in GDM placental tissue and peripheral blood. First-trimester monocyte count was positively related to IL-10 and CD206, but negatively related to CD80, CD86, TNF-α, and IL-6. CONCLUSION:Decreased monocyte count throughout pregnancy was closely associated with the development of GDM, macrosomia, and the chronic inflammatory state of GDM. First-trimester monocyte count has great potential as an early diagnostic marker of GDM.

目的 分析孕中期孕妇血清铁蛋白(SF)水平与甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO-Ab)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TG-Ab)的关系.方法 以2016年12月至2017年7月该院产科门诊入选的1592例孕中期孕妇为研究对象,以SF 12μg/L为截点将研究对象分为铁缺乏组和铁正常组,分析两组间甲状腺功能指标及甲状腺自身抗体的差异,探讨孕中期孕妇SF水平与甲状腺自身抗体的关系.结果 铁缺乏组游离甲状腺素水平明显低于铁正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组间促甲状腺激素水平、检出TPO-Ab或TG-Ab阳性率及亚临床甲状腺功能减退症比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).Logistic回归分析证实铁缺乏症为孕妇单纯TG-Ab水平异常升高的危险因素[OR=2.840,95％CI(1.385～5.825),P<0.05],不是孕妇TPO-Ab水平异常升高的危险因素[OR=0.712,95％C I(0.296～1.711),P>0.05].结论 孕中期铁缺乏症是TG-Ab水平异常升高的危险因素.

Objective:To Investigate comprehensive predictive ability of first-trimester complete blood count combined with maternal characteristics for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:From May 2015 to July 2018, 1 412 pregnant women were retrospectively screened at the Fifth People′s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University. We recruited 258 women who developed GDM and 1 154 women who had normal glucose level during pregnancy. At the first visit, clinical data and complete blood count result were obtained. GDM prediction models were established through logistic regression analysis of GDM related risk factors and the prediction abilities of each model were compared.Results:Logistic regression analyses identified age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, previous GDM history, family history of diabetes mellitus, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts were significantly independent predictors of GDM. In the entire cohort, the predictive ability of neutrophil and monocyte counts together with maternal basal characteristics model for the development of GDM [areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC)=0.809, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI)=0.056, P=0.001] was the best among various models (basal characteristics model, AUC-ROC=0.753; Monocyte count+ basal characteristics model, AUC-ROC=0.764; neutrophil count + basal characteristics model, AUC-ROC=0.775). Similar results obtained by the same way in all pregnant women without previous GDM history. Conclusion:It could improve the prediction of GDM with model incorporated maternal characteristics and first-trimester neutrophil and monocyte counts.

Background: Previous studies have reported an association between iron deficiency (ID) and increased thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-ab) during early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between ID and thyroid dysfunction, as well as thyroid autoantibodies, during the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A total of 1592 pregnant women (13-28 weeks gestation) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. According to serum ferritin (SF) concentrations, they were divided into ID (SF <20 μg/L) or non-ID (SF ≥20 μg/L) groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between ID and subclinical hypothyroidism (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] >4.0 mIU/L and free thyroxine [FT4] within the reference range) and thyroid autoimmunity. Results: The prevalence of ID was 23.43% (373/1592). Compared with the non-ID group, the ID group had lower FT4 levels (13.94 [8.91-29.82] vs 14.63 [8.22-47.24] pmol/L, p<0.001]) and higher TSH levels (1.85 [0.01-7.84] vs 1.69 [0.01-10.2] mIU/L, p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed ID as a risk factor for increased thyroglobulin antibody (TG-ab) (odds ratio 1.974; 95% confidence interval 1.065, 3.657; p<0.05), but not for subclinical hypothyroidism or increased TPO-ab. Conclusions: ID is associated with increased TG-ab during the second trimester of pregnancy.

目的:探讨原发性醛固酮增多症(primary aldosteronism,PA)患者胰岛素敏感性和胰岛 β细胞功能变化情况.方法:选取2014年1月至2015年12月复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院收治的PA患者95例和原发性高血压(essential hypertension,EH)患者210例.根据有无糖尿病病史分层分析PA患者和EH患者中胰岛素抵抗和胰岛 β细胞功能的情况.根据醛固酮/肾素活性(aldosterone to active renin ratio,ARR)是否大于50,将PA患者分为PA高值组(45例)及PA低值组(50例).采用QUICK指数、HOMA指数评估胰岛素敏感性,HOMA-β、早时相胰岛功能(ΔI30/ΔG30)评估胰岛β细胞功能.结果:单因素分析中,无糖尿病病史人群,PA高值组HOMA-β低于EH组(P<0.05),PA高值组及低值组 ΔI30/ΔG30均低于EH组(P<0.05);而在有糖尿病病史患者中,仅PA高值组HOMA-β低于EH组(P<0.05).多元线性回归显示,无糖尿病病史人群中,立位醛固酮水平对LnΔI30/ΔG30有显著负性影响(β=-0.375,P<0.05);有糖尿病病史人群,立位醛固酮对LnHOMA-β有显著负性影响(β=-0.367,P<0.01).无论有无糖尿病病史,醛固酮水平对胰岛素抵抗指标无影响.结论:PA引起的糖代谢异常可能与醛固酮增高致胰岛功能分泌障碍有关.

Objective: To explore the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) level during the first trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 1 276 participants, who underwent scheduled prenatal examination and normal singleton delivery at the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Hospital of Intergrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Minhang District, from January 2016 to May 2018 were included. There were 99 cases of GDM (GDM group) and 1 177 cases of normal (control group) pregnant women.Based on the serum Hb level during the first trimester of pregnancy, participants were divided into three groups, 236 cases of low Hb level group (Hb<110 g/L), 868 cases of normal Hb level group (110 g/L≤Hb<130 g/L), and 172 cases of high Hb level group (Hb≥130 g/L). Maternal clinical data were collected, including Hb level during the first trimester of pregnancy, three-point blood glucose (BG) of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fasting insulin during the second trimester of pregnancy. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic β cell function index (HOMA-β) were used to evaluate insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function. Results: (1) Hb level during the first trimester of pregnancy in GDM group was significantly higher than that in control group [(123±10),(119±11) g/L, P<0.05]. There were no significant difference in gravidity, parity, index of liver and renal function (all P>0.05). (2) Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), 1-hour BG and 2-hour BG of OGTT were significantly increased in the high Hb level group during the first trimester of pregnancy, which were (23±4) kg/m(2), (7.3±2.0) mmol/L, and (6.5±1.4) mmol/L (P<0.05), respectively. The pre-pregnancy BMI, 1-hour BG and 2-hour BG of the normal or low Hb level group were (22±3) kg/m(2), (6.7±1.6) mmol/L, (6.1±1.2) mmol/L; (22±3) kg/m(2), (6.5±1.5) mmol/L, (5.9±1.1) mmol/L, respectively. There were no statistically significant difference in levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β within 3 groups (all P>0.05). (3) In the high Hb level group, prevalence of pregnancy overweight or obesity and GDM were the highest, which were 37.2%(64/172) and 15.1%(26/172), respectively; the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (4) The serum Hb level in the first trimester was positively related with pre-pregnancy BMI (r=0.130, P<0.05), 1-hour BG (r=0.129, P<0.05), 2-hour BG (r=0.134, P<0.05), fasting insulin (r=0.096, P<0.05), and HOMA-IR (r=0.101, P<0.05).Logistic regression indicated that Hb≥130 g/L during the first trimester of pregnancy was an independent risk factor for GDM (OR=2.799, 95%CI: 1.186-6.604; P<0.05). Conclusion: The high level of Hb (Hb≥130 g/L) during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with GDM.

为了探讨妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者各种糖代谢指标对妊娠结局的预测价值,入选1 092例妊娠正常糖耐量(normal glucose tolerance,NGT)者、68例GDM患者和21例孕前糖尿病(pregestational diabetes mellitus,PGDM)患者.测定血脂、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后血糖(1 HBG和2HBG)、糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin Alc,HbA1c)、孕前体重指数(body mass index,BMI)和空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS)等指标.采用稳态模式(homeostasis model assessment,HOMA)评价胰岛素抵抗(HOMA insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)、胰岛p细胞功能(HOMA β cell function,HOMA-β)和处置指数(desposition index,DI).GDM及PGDM组孕前BMI、FBG、1HBG、2HBG、HbA1c和LnHOMAIR高于NGT组(P＜0.05),PDGM组1HBG和HbA1c高于GDM组(P＜0.05).NGT、GDM及PGDM组大于胎龄儿(largefor gestaional age,LGA)发生率分别为6.8％、13.8％和20.0％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Spearman相关分析显示,新生儿体重与孕前BMI(r=0.183,P＜0.001)、FBG(r=0.070,P=0.019)、1HBG(r=0.183,P＜0.001)、2HBG(r=0.125,P＜0.001)、三酰甘油(r=0.112,P=0.001)、LnHOMA-IR(r=0.102,P=0.033)呈正相关.多元逐步回归显示,新生儿体重与FBG和孕前BMI呈独立正相关(P＜0.05).随着糖代谢紊乱加重,LGA发生率逐渐增加,FBG及孕前BMI是影响LGA的独立危险因素.

目的 探讨T2DM患者正常范围内血清直接胆红素(DBIL)与尿微量白蛋白(UmAlb)的相关性.方法 选取2011年10月至2013年10月于上海市第五人民医院内分泌科住院的T2DM患者1122例.按照DBIL四分位数分为Q1组(<2.5μmol/L)、Q2组(2.5～3.4μmol/L)、Q3组(3.4～4.3μmol/L)、Q4组(≥4.3μmol/L),分析血清DBIL与UACR的相关性.结果 随着DBIL水平降低,UACR升高(P<0.05).Pearson相关分析显示,DBIL与病程、Scr、UACR呈负相关(P<0.01),与性别无相关性.多元逐步回归分析结果显示,DBIL是UACR的独立影响因素(β=-0.248,P<0.01).Logistic回归分析结果显示,校正性别、年龄、病程、BMI、SBP、HbAlc、TC、TG、LDL–C、Scr、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、吸烟史和饮酒史因素后,Q1组发生UmAlb和显性白蛋白尿的风险是Q4组的1.543倍和3.534倍(95％CI 1.150～2.071,1.597～7.818,P<0.01),Q2组是Q4组的1.364倍和2.068倍(95％CI 1.018～1.926,1.029～4.601,P<0.05).以UACR 30 mg/g、300 mg/g为分界值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),DBIL最佳切点值为3.45μmol/L和2.75μmol/L.结论 T2DM患者血清DBIL与UmAlb密切相关.

Background: Berberine (BBR), a natural alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis, has frequently been reported as an antidi- abetic reagent, partly due to its lipid-lowering activity. Evidence suggests that BBR ameliorates palmitate-induced lipid deposition and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), which tracks in tandem with the enhancement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). The study aim was to investigate the roles of BBR in renal lipotoxicity in vitro, and investigate whether PPAR-alpha was the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods: Human TECs (HK-2 cells) were injured with palmitic acid (PA), and then treated with BBR, BBR+PPAR-alpha inhibitor (GW6471), and PA+PPAR-alpha agonist (fenofibrate). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was assessed by measuring the expression of prospective evaluation of radial keratotomy (PERK), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). Lipid metabolism was assessed by determining lipid anabolism-associated genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), as well as lipid catabolism-associated gene, including carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1). Inflammatory response of HK-2 cells was evaluated by measuring interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Cell apoptosis and protein levels of cleaved-caspase-3 were evaluated. Results: PA downregulated PPAR-alpha and induced server lipotoxicity in HK-2 cells by ER stress, increasing lipid deposition, and elevating inflammatory response of HK-2 cells accompanied with inducting cell apoptosis and cleaved-caspase-3, which were obviously reversed by additional treatment of BBR or PPAR-alpha agonist. However, the protective effect of BBR in PA-induced lipotoxicity in HK-2 cells was significantly ameliorated by PPAR-alpha inhibitor. Conclusions: BBR attenuated PA-induced lipotoxicity via the PPAR-alpha pathway.

目的 探讨Graves病患者血清磷水平与甲状腺功能的相关性.方法 纳入初次发病或复发但未使用药物治疗的Graves病患者348例,收集电解质、肝肾功能、甲状腺功能、促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)、摄碘率等临床资料.以血清磷正常参考值范围上限1.45 mmol/L为切点数值将其分为高磷组和正常磷组,采用非参数检验比较两组间各参数的差异,logistic回归分析评估可能影响血清磷水平的相关因素.结果 348例患者中,144例(41.38％)出现高磷血症.高磷组患者年龄和BMI均明显低于正常磷组(P＜0.05),而三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、TRAb、3小时摄碘率(3h RAIU)、24小时摄碘率(24h RAIU)和血清钙(Ca)均明显高于正常磷组(P＜0.05).Graves病患者的年龄(r=-0.158)和BMI(r=-0.146)与血清磷水平呈负相关,T3(r =0.188)、FT3(r =0.134)、3h RAIU(r=0.159)、24h RAIU(r =0.186)与血清磷水平呈正相关(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析结果示,年龄(OR=0.982,95％ CI 0.966～0.998,P=0.032)、性别(OR =0.555,95％ CI 0.346 ～0.891,P=0.015)、FT3(OR=1.030,95％ CI1.007～1.053,P=0.011)是Graves病患者血清磷水平的影响因素.结论 Graves病患者存在磷代谢异常,年龄偏低、女性、FT3水平升高患者更易出现高磷血症.

Objective To investigate the threshold values of insulin resistance ( IR) assessed by homeostasis model and the prevalence of IR in elderly people over 60 years old in Minhang district of Shanghai, and to evaluate the relationship between IR and metabolic syndrome ( MS) . Methods A total of 3003 elderly people aged 60 and over in the Jiangchuan community of Minhang District, Shanghai, were recruited, including 1286 males and 1717 females. Blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, blood routine, serum creatinine, blood lipids, glucose, and fasting insulin were measured in all populations studied. Homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA) was used to estimate IR, and MS, and defined according to three diagnostic criteria including NCEP-ATPIII, IDF, and CDS. Results 75th percentile, 80th percentile and 90th percentile of HOMA values in 268 subjects with normotensive and normal BMI, glucose tolerance were considered as the thresholds of IR. The cut-off values were 2. 78, 3. 01 and 3. 56, respectively. And the prevalence of IR were 50. 0％, 42. 1％, and 27. 2％, respectively. IR level was significantly higher in people with MS. Based on the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve analysis, HOMA-IR and QUICKI index predicted MS well, and the optimal thresholds for diagnosing MS of HOMA-IR were 3. 17 for NCEP-ATPⅢ, 3. 02 for IDF and 3. 03 for CDS. BMI was the best factor for diagnosing IR among different MS components. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, WC, BMI, SBP, HDL-C, TG, FBG and WBC were independent risk factors for IR. FBG≥5.84 mmol/L was the most dangerous factor of IR (OR=3.603,P<0.01), followed by WC≥85.4 cm(OR=2.152, P<0.01) and BMI≥24.6 kg/m2(OR=2.150,P<0.01). Conclusion The cut-off values of IR estimated by HOMA and the prevalence of IR were higher in elder subjects than other populations. IR was significantly positively correlated with MS. Excluding the conditions that insulin measurement were affected by external factors, HOMA-IR may predict the risk of MS. The components of MS were relative specific measurements of IR, FBG, BMI and WC were important risk predictors of IR in the elderly.

Objective: Macrosomia is closely associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) but its relationship with maternal intermediate state gestational blood glucose (ISGBG; normal fasting blood glucose and 7.8 mmol/L <1 hour blood glucose [BG] <10 mmol/L or 6.7 mmol/L <2 hour BG <8.5 mmol/L) is unclear. Here, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes and explored risk factors for macrosomia in women with ISGBG. Methods: A total of 847 women with normal glucose tolerance gestation, 330 with ISGBG, and 99 with GDM were included. Maternal and fetal clinical data were collected and 3-point BG following oral glucose tolerance test, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and blood lipids profile were measured. Results: The incidence rate of macrosomia among the neonates of women with ISGBG was as high as 10.9%. In the ISGBG group, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and the proportion of women with excessive GWG (eGWG) were significantly higher in women with macrosomia compared with those who delivered a normal weight neonate. In women with ISGBG, neonate weight was positively correlated with maternal prepregnancy weight (r = 0.183, P<.01), prepregnancy BMI (r = 0.135, P<.01), and GWG (r = 0.255, P<.01), and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.172, P<.01). Nonetheless, only eGWG was an independent risk factor (odds ratio = 3.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.26 to 7.88, P<.05) for macrosomia. The risk of macrosomia in pregnant women with prepregnancy BMI <25 kg/m(2) or BMI >= 25 kg/m(2) and eGWG was 3.39 and 3.27 times, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence rate of macrosomia is increased in women with ISGBG and eGWG is the strongest independent risk factor. In order to reduce the risk for macrosomia, timely lifestyle intervention to promote appropriate weight gain during pregnancy deserves evaluation.

Objective To explore the effect of " hospital informationized blood glucose management" on perioperative diabetic patients. Methods Three hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who underwent selective operations from orthopedics, general surgery, urological surgery, and thoracic surgery were divided into two groups: 150 cases of blood glucose information management group and 150 cases of traditional blood glucose monitoring and management group. The blood glucose on target rate, percent of hypoglycemic events, percent of hyperglycemic events, the blood glucose level on the first postoperative day, the average hospitalization day, perioperative infection rate were evaluated for efficacy. Results The blood glucose on target rate in informationized blood glucose management group was significantly higher than that of the control group [(52.52 ± 18.31)%vs (14.88 ± 8.39)%, P＜0.01]. The frequency of hyperglycemia, the average daily blood glucose, the average blood glucose on fasting, after three meals and at night, the fasting and postprandial blood glucose level on the first postoperative day in informationized blood glucose management group were significantly lower than that of the control group [( 45. 31 ± 18.87)%vs (84.41±8.86)%, (8.59±1.34 vs 12.47±2.37) mmol/L, (7.33±1.41 vs 10.01±1.99)mmol/L, (8.89 ±2.34vs13.61±3.47)mmol/L,(9.47±1.94vs13.46±2.77)mmol/L,(9.40±2.72vs13.28±2.94)mmol/L, (8.28±2.11vs11.31±2.89)mmol/L,(8.29±2.51vs11.58±3.52)mmol/L,(8.25±3.67vs17.65±19.68) mmol/L, all P＜0.01]. In addition, the average hospitalization day of the informationized blood glucose management group was significantly shorter than that of the control group [(16±7 vs 21±15)d, P＜0.05]. The infection rate of the management group and the control group were 41. 2% and 58. 8% respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion The " hospital informationized blood glucose management" is simple and practical, which may significantly improve the rate of blood glucose control in each period, reduce the average hospitalization day, and decrease perioperative infection tendency.

爆发性1型糖尿病(fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus,FT1DM)最先于2000年由Imagawa等报道[1],因其发病率低且预后差,临床上受到极大的关注.据Imagawa等[2]报道FT1DM在日本的发病率为20％,然而在我国其发病率仅为1.5％～5.45％[3],且常发生于孕期,在妊娠晚期诊断发现妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM),产后发生FT1DM非常罕见,本院近期收治1例,现报道如下.

目的:探讨小檗碱减轻高脂诱导肾脏损害与Toll样受体的相关性.方法:50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机均分为正常喂养组(NF组)、正常喂养小檗碱组(NF+LBBR组)、高脂喂养安慰剂组(HF组)、高脂喂养低剂量小檗碱组(HF+LBBR组)和高脂喂养高剂量小檗碱组(HF+HBBR组).前两组正常喂养8周,其余3组高脂喂养8周;喂养4周后,NF+LBBR组、HF+LBBR组和HF+HBBR组分别予不同浓度的小檗碱干预,其余2组予等量溶剂干预.干预结束后,取血标本、肾脏组织,测定代谢及肾功能指标.采用单因素方差(ANOVA)分析各组间指标的差异.相关危险因素分析采用Pearson法和logistic回归分析法.结果:HF组大鼠的体质量、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、空腹血糖(GLU)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、尿微量白蛋白(MAU)、尿白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-6的水平明显升高(P<0.05),肾脏发生损害.与HF组相比,HF+LBBR组和HF+HBBR组上述指标水平降低(P<0.05),肾脏损害改善.Pearson相关分析显示,ACR与GLU(r=0.35)、FINS(r=0.82)、FFA(r=0.49)、IL-1(r=0.77)、TNF-α(r=0.78)、IL-6(r=0.76)正相关(P<0.05).logistic多因素回归分析显示,IL-6与ACR独立相关[OR=1.18,95％CI 1.03～1.35,P=0.014].HF组大鼠肾脏组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)、TLR2的表达减少,核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达增加(P<0.05);给予小檗碱后,这一趋势被逆转(P<0.05).结论:小檗碱能改善高脂喂养大鼠肾脏损伤,这可能与小檗碱提高大鼠肾脏组织Toll样受体(TLR4、TLR2)的表达水平有关.