难处理金精矿的生物氧化浸出过程是一种新型、低污染、清洁的生产工艺.该生物氧化过程是在气液固三相生物搅拌釜反应器中进行的.在气液固三相生物搅拌釜反应器中,离底悬浮状态具有较低剪应力、较低能耗和较高相间传质系数的特点,是保证生物反应持续高效进行的一个优化条件.为了优化设置搅拌桨离底高度以实现生物氧化浸出反应过程的节能和高效,本文提出了一种通用的计算离底悬浮转速的公式,并采用实验数据进行验证.结果表明:针对精金矿体系气液固三相离底悬浮转速的计算误差低于20％,所提出的公式和研究方法能够快速地确定工程设计的优化参数,以实现节能和减少生物浸出的污染.

Solvothermal reaction of Pb(NO3)2·6H2O with rigid linear ligand terephthalic acid (H2pta) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) produced a new three-dimensional (3D) lead(II) coordination polymer [Pb2(pta)1.5(μ4-OH)(DMF)]n 1, and its structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. In polymer 1, the μ4-OH bridges the nearby lead(II) ions into an infinite one-dimensional (1D) chain, and then the organic ligand pta joins the neighbored chains into a 3D structure by two similar connection modes in different configurations. The solid-state photoluminescent studies revealed that 1 exhibits a strong greenish emission mainly originating from ligand-to-metal charge transfer between the delocalized π bonds of the aromatic carboxylate ligand pta and the p orbitals of the Pb centers.

Porous peach activated carbon(TAC)was modified directly using tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)and HNO3 +TEPA,and the effect of modification on TAC’s adsorption of CO2 was investi-gated.The results show that the specific (BET)surface areas and pore volumes of TAC decrease after denaturization (oxidization process),while the pore diameter of TAC increases.Directly modi-fied TAC by TEPA has no significant effect on CO2 adsorption capability,however,TAC’s com-pound modification by HNO3 oxidation plus TEPA has significant effect on CO2 adsorption capabili-ty.The CO2 adsorption amount of N-TEPA-TAC measured increases from 0.39 mmol/g before modi-fication to 0.73 mmol/g at 303 K.The dosage of TEPA affects TAC’s modification result with the optimum dosage being 20 %.

Porous cocoanut activated carbon w as modified using tree chemical methods:tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) modified directly (AC) ,firstly oxidized by HNO3 solution (10% ) for 4 h at 353 K then TEPA modi‐fied (HNO3 + TEPA) and firstly alkalified by KOH solution (5 mol/L) for 4 h at 353 K then TEPA modified (KOH+ TEPA) .The results show that KOH reduction on AC improved the effect of the modification ,HNO3 oxidation on AC has no significant effect on modification .The CO2 adsorption capacity of OH‐TEPA‐AC meas‐ured using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA ) in simulated flue gas conditions (10vol% CO2 ,90vol% N2 ) was about 1 .182 mmol/g at 303 K , the dynamic adsorption capacity was between 1 .192‐1 .215 and 0 .970‐1 1.52 mmol/g with or without the presence of water during ten cycles of adsorption/desorption .Dynamics anal‐ysis shows that the average isosteric heat of adsorption was about -52 kJ/mol ,so OH‐TEPA‐AC was likely to be satisfactory in practical applications of capturing CO2 .

抗生素工业废水难处理,特别是以抗生素工业废水为主的混合工业废水经二级生化处理后的尾水.有鉴于此,本文用MicroFA四相催化氧化技术对二级生化出水进行深度处理,发现效果好,其FeSO4和H2O2控制投加量分别为6.5mg/L、5.5mg/L,对重铬酸盐指数(CODcr)、TP的平均去除效率分别为50.48%、94.71%,出水CODcr、TP能达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级排放标准,甚至可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准.该工艺一次性投资较高,但运营管理较简单,处理效果稳定可靠,运行成本0.92元/吨、相对合理.该工艺为难生物降解的抗生素类制药为主的混合工业废水二级出水的深度处理提供了新途径.

Acco rding to the refractory feature of antibiotic industrial wastewater , the combined process , anaerobic hydrolysis+MSBR+ozonation+flocculation+BAF has been used in a wastewater treatment plant in the industrial centralized district for treating the mixed industrial wastewater ,which is antibiotic pharmacy-based mixed industrial wastewater . The results show that when the average concentration of COD , NH3-N and TP in the influent are 485,41.2 and 7.66 mg/L respectively,and the average concentration in the effluent is 81,9.3 and 0.331 mg/L, respectively,reaching all the indexes stipulated in the first grade of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978—1996). The successful application of this composite process provides a new method for treating mixed industrial wastewater which has been impossibly hard to be degraded.

Considering the refractory features of antibiotic industrial wastewater,especially difficulty of biodegradation for the effluent of the mixed industrial wastewater after the secondary biochemical treatment ozone pretreatment+flocculation+BAF combined process was applied in this research. The results showed that the removal rate of COD treated by BAF process alone was 4.7%failing to meet the effluent standards. Ozonation can changes the structure and property of some organic components in wastewater,making further biodegradation possible. Ozone pretreatment can improve the biodegradability of effluent after secondary biochemical treatment and improve treatment efficiency of BOD. The optimal ozone concentration was 20mg/L. The average removal rate of COD,NH3-N and TP was 40.7%,34.4%and 79.1%,respectively. The concentration of COD,NH3-N,and TP in effluent achieved the first grade of Comprehensive Discharge Standard for Sewage (GB8978-1996). This combined process provided a new way for the advanced treatment of effluent of refractory antibiotic industrial wastewater after secondary biochemical treatment.

The intrinsic kinetics of new cobalt molybdenum sulfur-tolerant catalyst for shift reaction was studied in an isothermal integral tubular reactor under the reaction condition of temperature(550-750) K,pressure(2.0-3.5) MPa and space velocity(15-30) L·(g·h)-1.The intrinsic kinetics model taking the form of power function which included the pressure was built as follows: r=-dNCO dW=39981.876exp(-68424.0 RT) P0.4176COP0.9297H2OP-0.5516CO2P-0.7503H2(1-β).Using particle swarm optimization and Runge-Kutta algorithm,the parameters in the kinetics model were fit to the experimental data.The accuracy and the correlating degree of experimental data and calculated model were verified by F-test and correlation index test.The results showed that the reaction rate was not sensitive to pressure change of CO component but was sensitive to the pressure of H2O component.High catalytic activity was obtained under high steam gas ratio.

The success of CO2 capture from flue gas with solid sorbent is dependent of a low cost sorbent with high CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity. Modifying surface texture of activated carbon with impregnating amines is expected to offer the benefits of liquid amines in the typical adsorption process routes. In this work, cocoanut activate carbon (AC) is firstly alkalified by KOH solution, then modified by impregnation of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), triethylenetetramine (TATA), and triethanolamine (TEA) to form a new type of sorbents. The effects of alkalifying treatment and temperature on CO2 adsorption capacities of the sorbents are investigated. Results indicate that the activate carbons modified by combining alkalification pretreatment firstly and then impregnated amines at low temperature are profitable for CO2 adsorption. The adsorption capacities of CO2 are enhanced with TEPA and TETA impregnation on the activate carbon pretreated by KOH solution. And CO2 adsorption capacity of new sorbents is stable after many adsorption and desorption cycles.

采用膨润土为甲醇制氢催化剂,考察了不同焙烧温度下对膨润土在甲醇制氢反应中的催化活性的影响.采用XRD和IR测试手段,对膨润土催化剂的结构进行了表征.结果表明,在焙烧温度为800℃时,最高氢含量可达88.3％.高于此温度膨润土结构被破坏,低于此温度则膨润土层间水分、孔隙中的杂质不能完全脱失.

The ability of chemical engineering design was one of the most important capacities of students who majored in chemical engineering.Aimed at solving the problems exiting in the teaching system for cultivating the student's engineering design ability,several teaching reform measures were put forward,such as the intensification of engineering consciousness,the improvement for computer aided process design,the integration of related professional courses,and the additional help from professional design institutes.

Using sodium carbonates as a catalyst,the steam gasification kinetics of Jianxin high metamorphosed anthracite was studied by isothermal thermo-gravimetric analysis under ambient pressure in this paper.The reaction activity of anthracite loaded with different sodium carbonate concentrations(0—18%)was investigated within the tem-perature range from 800—950,℃.The loading saturation level of the sodium carbonate in catalysts under experimental conditions was determined.The catalytic steam gasification reaction could be well fitted by the shrinking-core model and the kinetic parameters were determined.Results show that sodium carbonate remarkably reduces the activation energy of gasification reaction.It is exhibited that compensation effect exists clearly in catalytic gasification kinetics in the kinetic analysis.The compensation effect is expressed by ln,A0=8.66×10-5E-0.282,7,and the isokinetic tem-perature is 1 389 K.

Zr-pillared Montmorillonites (Zr-PILM) were prepared by the hydrothermal method with montmorillonite as raw material and zirconium oxychloride as Zr source of pillaring agent. The properties of the samples were characterized by XRD,BET, SEM, TEM, XPS. Effects of the synthesizing conditions on the structures of Zr-PILM were investigated. The results indicate that Zr-PILM retains complete layered and sheeting structure, and its BET surface area and micropore volume increases greatly. ZrO2 exists in Zr - PILM layers.The catalytic reaction result of MTO shows that Zr-PILM has high catalytic activities for MTO reaction.

A chiral zigzag chain with two chiral components and a 61 right-handed helical chain with three chiral components have been synthesized by using a flexible multidentate organic bridging ligand and changing the size of the central metal ion. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra and second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency measurements of these two compounds confirmed that they are of structural chirality in the bulk samples. The luminescence properties of the materials indicated that they may have potential applications as optical materials. The present study provides an effective method for preparing chiral coordination polymers with multiple chiral components and demonstrates that the ionic radius of a metal ion is a crucial factor for the construction of coordination polymers.

Passivators for coke were made of boric acid,borax and aluminium silicate clay in different proportions(boricacid,1∶0∶1,3∶2∶5,2∶1∶7,0∶1∶1,borax).The kinetics of the reaction between passivated-coke and CO2 was studied by using the shrinking unreacted core model,and a relational expression of reaction kinetics was established.The kinetics parameters of the reaction between coke passivated by using different proportion passivators and CO2 were calculated by the relational expression.The kinetics parameters and resistance in various steps of the reaction process were analyzed.The results show that reaction of passivated-coke with CO2 is consonant with the shrinking unreacted core model.The order of the effects of different passivation on the passivated-coke reaction with CO2 is boricacid 2∶1∶7 1∶0∶1 3∶2∶50∶1∶1 borax blank and the effect is mainly reflected in the internal diffusion.The passivated-coke reaction with CO2 is controlled by a combination of chemical reaction and internal diffusion in the initial stage.After a period of time,the reaction is mainly controlled by the internal diffusion.

A new 21 left-handed helical chain with triple chiral components with the formula, {{Ag2[(1R,1′R,2R,2′R,N1S,N1′S,N2S,N2′S)-4-bppd]}⋅2NO3⋅CH3OH}n (1) [(1R,1′R,2R,2′R)-4-bppd=(1R,1′R,2R,2′R)-N1,N1′-(1,3-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(N2-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine)], has been synthesized by using a prolonged flexible multidentate organic bridging ligand with two (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane subunits. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra and second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency measurements of 1 confirmed that it is of structural chirality in the bulk sample. The luminescence properties of 1 indicated that it may have potential applications as an optical material.

The training on engineering ability and innovative sense has been running throughout the culturing of chemical engineering professionals by exploration and practice.The mode of chemical engineering education accompanied with engineering oriented quality training is preliminarily formed,which enables students to benefit from the reform of higher engineering education.

The surface diffusion model of DMF adsorbed on macroporous adsorption resin in intermittent stirred adsorption tank are established, based on the nonlinear adsorption isothermal equation, the internal and external mass transfer diffusion resistance and the surface diffusion coefficient dependence on the solid concentration. The adsorption model must be solved by numerical methods for its highly nonlinear. Therefore, to solve the adsorption mathematic model with Robin boundary conditions, the pdepe function of MATLAB must be modified, and boundary condition function should be established for the adsorption surface diffusion model. The model is solved by applying modified pdepe function and optimization toolbox under the condition of the stirring speed for 100 rpm and reaction temperature for 298 K. The diffusion coefficient D0 =1.04×10-10 m2/s and the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient KF =9.60×10-6 m/s are obtained by regression of the experimental data of adsorption rate curves compared with calculation values with model. The Root Mean Square(RMS) error are not more than 0.008. The results show that the adsorption process of DMF on NKAII could be described with the surface diffusion model, and the method presented in this work may be used to solve surface adsorption model with Robin boundary conditions simply, reliably and accurately.

以膨润土为载体,采用浸渍法制备了低铜含量负载型CuO/膨润土催化剂,考察了铜含量对催化剂物化性能和甲醇制氢反应性能的影响。结果表明,铜含量对催化性能有显著影响,随铜含量的增加,甲醇转化率和CO选择性均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,在铜含量为13.8wt%时,甲醇转化率为84.7%,一氧化碳选择性为92.5%。CuO/膨润土催化剂与目前工业上使用的采用共沉淀法生产的高铜含量(CuO质量分率约50%)Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂相比,具有低铜含量的特点。

为了开发高效的光催化臭氧氧化反应器,以不同孔径钛微孔气体分布器对臭氧气液传质性能进行了研究。考察了表观气速和表观液速对液相总传质系数的变化影响规律,获得了液相总传质系数与表观气速的关联公式和微孔板孔径与表观气速对液相总传质系数的经验关联公式。利用无因次吸收数对微孔分布器的性能进行了分析,得到不同表观气速下微孔分布器的性能变化规律,表明在较低气体流速时,小孔径钛微孔分布板具有较高的吸收数值,有利于提高臭氧的利用率。为光催化臭氧化反应器的工业放大设计提供依据。