Ischemic stroke, one of the prevalent causes of death and disability worldwide, is linked to environmental and genetic factors, including polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene involved in homocysteine metabolism. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the MTHFR C677T variant, plasma homocysteine, and risk of developing large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (LAAIS) among Han Chinese. A population-based case-control study, which included 1810 patients with LAAIS and 1765 unrelated control subjects, was conducted. Compared to the controls, LAAIS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and alcohol consumption (P < .001), as well as significantly higher mean fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and plasma homocysteine levels (P < .001). The TT homozygous genotype correlated with increased risk of developing LAAIS, as indicated by a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) compared to the CT and CC genotypes, in both additive (OR = 3.215, P = .01) and recessive models (OR = 3.265, P = .01). The plasma homocysteine level was genotype-dependent according to the following trend: TT > CT > CC. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that, in spite of its low prevalence in both patients and controls (1.5% vs 0.8%), the MTHFR C677T variant could, at least in part, affect homocysteine levels and this, either alone or in combination with other factors, increases the risk of LAAIS.

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels play a key role in the regulation of arterial tone and blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine whether the association of calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C) rs1006737 with essential hypertension (EH) exists in both Chinese Han and ethnic Russian populations of Northeast Asia. We used a case-control study of 2 ethnic groups in the same latitude geographical area to investigate the association between the susceptibility of EH and rs1006737 polymorphism. A total of 1512 EH patients and 1690 controls in Chinese Han people (Heilongjiang Provence, China), 250 EH patients, and 250 controls in ethnic Russian people (Chita, Russia), participated in this study. All participants were genotyped using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay (Agena Company). Baseline characteristics and the minor allele frequencies of rs1006737 vary substantially among common Chinese Han and ethnic Russian people. Allele A was found to be a risk factor for EH in Chinese Han [(odds ratio) OR 1.705, (confidence interval) 95% CI: 1.332-2.182, P < .001] and ethnic Russian (OR 1.437; 95% CI: 1.110-1.860, P = .006). The GA genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR 1.538, 95% CI: 1.188-1.991, P = .001) for Chinese Han people, and the AA genotype (OR 2.412, 95% CI: 1.348-4.318, P = .003) for ethnic Russian people. The results of this study indicate that the A allele of the variant rs1006737 in the CACNA1C gene may be a useful genetic marker for EH risk prediction in Chinese Han and ethnic Russian populations.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an important role in the development of essential hypertension (EH). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of ACE2 gene polymorphisms and enzymatic activity with EH in the northeastern Chinese Han population. 34 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci of ACE2 were detected in 1024 EH patients and 956 normotensive (NT) controls by Sequenom Mass-ARRAY RS1000. Five SNPs (rs1514283, rs4646155, rs4646176, rs2285666, and rs879922) in ACE2 gene were determined to significantly associate with EH in female participants, while no SNP locus was linked to male group. Specifically, it was the first time to report that rs4646155 was significantly associated with EH in females. Furthermore, the correlation between ACE2 activity and clinical parameters were performed by Pearson correlation analysis in EH patients. We found that the ACE2 activity level was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), DBP, and pulse pressure, and significantly positively with ACE2 concentration, blood glucose and estrogen level in female EH patients. These results demonstrated that the genetic variants of ACE2 played vital roles in the development of EH. And the serum ACE2 activity can predict the development of cardiac dysfunction in EH patients.

Objective To explore the associations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene TaqIB, D442G and 1405V polymorphisms and haplotypes with essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese Mongolian population. Methods In this case-control study, 883 hypertensive patients (EH group) and 1,044 normal controls (control group) were randomly selected from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of PCR product were used to identify the genotypes. Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium and haplotypes distribution were analyzed using the Haploview software.Results There were no significant differences in the distributions of the alleles or genotypes of TaqIB, D442G or 1405V between the EH group and the control group (P>0.05); while the distribution frequencies of B2-G and B2-G-I haplotypes were significantly lower in the EH group than in the control group [B2-G: O^R =0.359 (95% CI: 0.188, 0.689), P = 0.001; B2-G-I: O^R = 0.329 (95% CI: 0.157, 0.691), P = 0.002]. Conclusions The TaqIB, D442G and 1405V polymorphisms of the CETP gene could not independently affect the risk of developing EH in Mongolian population, while B2-G and B2-G-I haplotypes obviously decrease the susceptibility to EH and may be protective factors for the development of EH in Mongolian population.

BACKGROUND/AIM:This study aimed to explore the associations of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene TaqIB and D442G polymorphisms with essential hypertension (EH).MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this case-control study, 883 hypertensive patients and 1044 normal controls were randomly selected from the Mongolian population of China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of PCR products were used to identify the genotypes. Haplotype analysis was performed by estimating the haplotype frequencies using the online SHEsis package.RESULTS:The distribution frequency of the B2-G haplotype was significantly lower in the EH group than in the control group (0.7% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.001, OR = 0.359 [0.188-0.689]). Subjects with the B2B2 genotype showed significantly lower levels of total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.05). When subgrouped by sex, male subjects with the B2B2 genotype showed significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased TC levels (P < 0.05), and those with the B2 allele showed significantly lower triglyceride levels as compared to the subjects with the B1B1 homozygote (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:TaqIB and D442G polymorphisms of the CETP gene did not independently affect the risk of developing EH in the Chinese Mongolian population, while the B2-G haplotype obviously decreased the susceptibility to EH. The B2 allele could alter the blood lipid level and reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Low-frequency variants showed that there is more power to detect risk variants than to detect protective variants in complex diseases. Aldosterone plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and aldosterone synthase catalyzes the speed-controlled steps of aldosterone biosynthesis. Polymorphisms of the aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) have been reported to be associated with essential hypertension (EH). CYP11B2 polymorphisms such as -344T/C, have been extensively reported, but others are less well known. This study aimed to assess the association between human CYP11B2 and EH using a haplotype-based case-control study. A total of 1024 EH patients and 956 normotensive controls, which consist of north Han population peasants, were enrolled. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs28659182, rs10087214, rs73715282, rs542092383, rs4543, rs28491316, and rs7463212) covering the entire human CYP11B2 gene were genotyped as markers using the MassARRAY system. The major allele G frequency of rs542092383 was found to be risk against hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 3.478, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.407-8.597, P=.004]. The AG genotype frequency of SNP rs542092383 was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR 4.513, 95% CI 1.426-14.287, P=.010). In the haplotype-based case-control analysis, the frequency of the T-G-T haplotype was higher for EH patients than for controls (OR 5.729, 95% CI 1.889-17.371, P=.000495). All vertical bar D'vertical bar values of the seven SNPs were >0.9, and r(2) values for rs28659182-rs10087214-rs28491316-rs7463212 SNPs were >0.8 and showed strong linkage intensity. Haplotype T-G-T may therefore be a useful genetic marker for EH.

Oriented serving the staff, the servant leadership in essence goes beyond the previous organizational interests and innovates a new leading model. In public hospitals, the servant leadership model includes the models to treat employees, performance, and work. This paper discusses the models of servant leadership and the advantages of servant leadership in public hospitals to provide some references for the relative researchers.

Objective To explore interation effect of REN MboI polymorphism and environmental factors on essential hypertension.Methods A case-control study was performed in this study.Subjects (case:1 533,control:1 557)were from a field survey in the rural of Lanxi county of Heilongjiang province.The polymorphism was mainly genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).In addition,in order to make sure the accuracy of PCR-RFLP,10％ PCR products were randomly selected to be sequenced.Results There were positive muhiplication model of interaction between MboI polymorphism and sex,family history of hypertension,high density lipoprotein (HDL),the odds ratio of interaction (ORi) were 1.36,1.12 and 1.03,respectively;There were negative multiplication model of interaction between MboI polymorphism and age,abdomen circumference(AC),body mass index(BMI),triglyceride (TG),with ORi of 0.82,0.47,0.46 and 0.70 respectively.Conclusions When nale or having family history of hypertension or high level of HDL is accompanied with mutation of MboI locus,the risk for hypertension will increase;when high level of age or AC or BMI or TG is accompanied with mutation of MboI locus,the risk for hypertension will decline.

In order to adapt to the current development of science and technology discipline overlapping and mutual penetration, facing the paradigm shift towards integrating approaches of multiple disciplines, most college and universities creatively brought the " team" concept from enterprise to establish the commensurate transdisciplinary teaching and research teams. Construction of a transdisciplinary team is a major issue, and many challenges still need to be tackled in further steps of exploration. This article analyzed the nature and characteristics of commensurate transdisciplinary teaching and research teams, summarized the benefit significance of that. By diving deep into the current situation and existing problem of management structure, evaluation and engagement system, and team cultural construction. The corresponding solutions were proposed to provide benchmarking examples and guidelines for construction of transdisciplinary teams.

高校是国家科学研究和培养人才的重地,面对各学科相互交叉和相互渗透的科学发展的趋势,多数高校组建了能够与之相适应的高校跨学科教研团队.本文就高校跨学科教研团队的概念、建设的意义以及过程中出现的问题进行深入探讨,并提出相应的解决建议.

[目的]通过对民航飞行员高血压患病情况及危险因素进行分析,旨在为飞行员高血压等常见病的防治提供依据和技术支撑. [方法] 2011年按照民航总局飞行员健康检查标准,对我国部分民航飞行员常规健康检查,并对血压水平进行测量,分析不同组间高血压患病分布,并应用logistic回归分析探索危险因素.[结果]在18230名飞行员中,有904人患高血压,患病率为4.96％.不同年龄、性别、国籍、体质指数(BMI)、工种、高血压家族史和总飞行时间的飞行员高血压患病率不同.通过logistic回归分析,民航飞行员高血压患病的危险因素有年龄(OR=2.597)、性别(OR=1.290)、高血压家族史(OR=4.333)、BMI(OR=2.252)、工种(OR=1.377)、总飞行时间(OR=1.377)、总胆固醇(OR=1.178)、低密度脂蛋白(OR=1.304)和空腹血糖(OR=2.064). [结论]对年龄较大、有高血压家族史、超重或肥胖、工种为驾驶员或机械员、总飞行时间较长并且体内总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖值异常的民航飞行员应加强高血压的干预工作.

Gene polymorphisms of the renin–angiotensin system are involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension. We genotyped 4 polymorphisms of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene A-20C (rs5050), A-6G (rs5051), C3889T (rs4762), and C4072T (rs699) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 652 patients and 780 controls to examine the association of AGT and hypertension in a Northern Han Chinese population. There were significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies at C4072T between the patients and the controls (both P < .01); patients with CC genotype had a higher risk of hypertension (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.4–2.1). The distribution of genotypes at A-6G was significantly different between patients and controls (P < .05). No other significant differences in genotypes or frequencies were observed. No association was observed between the haplotypes of AGT and hypertension. The AGT-6A and 4072C alleles are associated with susceptibility to hypertension in this population.

高校科研工作的开展与高校科研管理机制密切相关。该文基于对地方普通高校教师科研需求的差异情况的调查分析,进一步系统地提出了高校科研管理机制建设的内容要点,以及当前高校科研管理机制方面需要注意的重点问题及其解决建议。

目的 通过对中国民航华北局等飞行驾驶员体检信息的整理,对主要系统疾病进行描述,了解飞行驾驶员的健康状况、常见病和多发病,为航卫保障工作提供参考依据.方法 从《民航航空人员体检合格证管理系统》中调取2011年飞行驾驶员的Ⅰ级体检合格证申请人的体检资料.运用Excel 2007、SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据分析.结果 分析结果表明,飞行驾驶员所患主要疾病患病率分别为高血压4.96％、血脂异常25.46％、脂肪肝12.95％、胆囊息肉4.40％、肝囊肿1.87％、肾囊肿1.87％、视力不良18.62％、老视13.18％、高频听力损失6.00％、高频听力下降4.02％、超重6.71％、肥胖3.66％,各疾病患病率随年龄增加而增大.结论 飞行驾驶员身体各系统均有发病,且各种疾病的患病率随年龄增加有增大的趋势.

<正>脑卒中(stroke)是严重危害人类健康的常见难治性疾病,是目前造成死亡和神经系统功能残疾的主要原因,全球每年有超过250万人患脑卒中,同时约460万人死于脑卒中,其中3/4发生于发展中国家。脑卒中发生率随年龄增长呈指数增加,因此在今天的老龄化社会,脑卒中已成为世界性的健康问题。

高校教师的绩效考核是指考核主体对照工作目标或绩效标准,采用科学的考核方法,评定高校教师的工作任务完成情况、工作职责履行程度和自身发展情况,并将上述评定结果反馈给教师的过程。学校发展目标是制订教师绩效考核方案的依据,学校发展定位是制定学校发展目标的前提。进行绩效考核的相关人员只有在对绩效考核有最根本的认识时,绩效考核的作用才能充分展现出来,才能引导组织成员和组织走向高绩效。

随着医学院校研究生招生规模的逐步扩大,研究生教育中普遍存在不注重研究生科研能力培养的现象,针对现存的这一问题,该文根据教学实践情况从提升研究生自身素质、培养研究生文献阅读能力、发挥导师的科研引导作用、加强学术交流、指导学位论文的撰写等主要培养环节来探讨研究生科研能力培养的可行途径。

University development,research first.Research for the development of the university,not only guide the work,but also promote the energy.Colleges and universities to increase the content,improve efficiency,facilitate change,the most effective way is to strengthen scientific research.This new situation for Chinese scientific research management in a number of problems,to further strengthen the management of university research proposals in order to advance the process of school research and development,research and development to ensure the goals of the school and contribute to the local economy.