目的 研究空投到不同地面的冲击过载对血液性能的影响,考察自制缓冲箱的抗冲击过载的效果.方法 2016年1月,以自行研制的缓冲箱为载体,用2.5 m高处自由落体跌落试验模拟以7 m/s的速度坠落在不同硬度的地面上,对试验前后全血血液的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、K+浓度、游离血红蛋白(FHB)的变化进行检查对比分析.结果 跌落于软土地面、硬土地面上缓冲箱对跌落冲击过载的衰减率分别为52.7％和62.5％,跌落于水泥地面上缓冲箱对跌落冲击过载的衰减率大于45.0％.经缓冲箱缓冲后跌落于软土地面、硬土地面、水泥地面的全血血液制品所受冲击过载值分别为123、312、550 g.与试验前相比,跌落试验后全血红细胞形态检查结果均出现少量钝锯齿形红细胞,软土、水泥地面坠落试验后,FHB显著增高,平均值分别为(35.60±_2.80)mg/L和(43.88±11.57)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但未超出临床血液正常值(≤2 000 mg/L),全血血液样本依旧满足使用要求.结论 2.5 m高处自由落体跌落对血液中FHB影响最大,缓冲箱能够有效起到抗冲击过载作用,保护血液制品投送需求.

The article investigates the impact levels and influence level of environment on human and the range of environmental factors,explains the relationship between the impact levels of environment on human,the range of environmental factors and limit value,provides the definition and main contents of the work efficiency limitation,and analyzes the main environmental factors that influence the work efficiency of special vehicles.And it analyzes the work efficiency limits of temperature/humidity and vibration under the current standards,offers the suggestions for further study on work efficiency limits of noise,harmful gas/dust and electromagnetic radiation,and provides a reference for cabin environmental control design of special vehicles in future.

选择三种履带式装甲车辆在起伏路面以20 km/h的速度行进2h,测量驾驶员和乘员位的噪声、振动强度,温湿度和有害气体浓度;选择90名乘员进行问卷调查,调查舱内环境对乘员作业的影响程度、出现的失误及自觉症状情况.结果表明履带车行进时舱内噪声和振动影响乘员作业和健康,应采取控制措施.

测试与评价了某型车载榴弹炮底盘平顺性,为其振动控制与设计改进提供技术参数.连续记录车载榴弹炮在两种路面条件以不同速度行驶时座椅座垫上方、座椅靠背处、脚支撑面处的三轴向振动信号,并对试验记录到的数据进行频谱分析,得到0.5~80 Hz频率范围内各测点三个轴向的1/3倍频带振动加速度均方根值,分别按照国军标的相关规定计算、查表得出驾驶员"舒适性降低限-允许暴露时间"及驾驶员的主观感觉.试验结果表明,该车载榴弹炮以30~80 km/h行驶时驾驶员全身振动暴露的"舒适性降低限-允许暴露时间"为0.25—1 h,驾驶员的主观感觉为不舒服或很不舒服.该车载榴弹炮系统底盘平顺性需进一步提高.

目的:研制乘员医药急救装备,用于乘员战伤的自救互救,以提供生命支持.方法:该装备包括战位急救包和整车急救包2个部分.战位急救包外形尺寸为130 mm×130 mm×45 mm,包内配备有卡式止血带、弹性绷带、止痛药剂和手电筒;整车急救包外形尺寸为380 mm×330 mm×140 mm,包内配备呼吸急救模块、止血包扎固定模块、急救药品模块和辅助器材模块.结果:该装备在急救物品配备和数量上提供了有力的保障,弥补了以往乘员急救装备品种单一、救治能力弱的不足,使急救更为高效.结论:该急救装备可满足乘员战伤后自救互救的需要,对提高乘员的生存能力,保证装甲部队战斗力具有重要意义.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mental health status in armored vehicle crew (commanders, gunners, and drivers) , to know the level of mental health in them, and to provide educational intervention.METHODS:In April 2009, 120 male armored vehicle crew with >2 driving years were enrolled as battle group, and 70 male persons within the same age group who were not engaged in armored vehicle operation were enrolled as control group. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was used to evaluate the mental status of the 180 subjects.RESULTS:Compared with the control group, the battle group showed significantly higher scores on the subscales of obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation (t=2.323, 3.250, 3.158, 2.712, 2.391, and 2.137, all P<0.05) , as well as significantly higher total score, number of positive items, and average score of positive symptoms (t=4.128, 4.357, and 4.632, all P<0.05). In the battle group, the scores on the subscales of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and additional items, total score, number of positive items, and average score of positive symptoms were significantly lower than the military reference values (t=4.364, 5.127, 5.280, 3.783, 7.012, 5.361, 4.369, 6.167, 6.476, 3.558, 6.357, 4.379, and 6.763, all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:A survey should be performed on the mental health status of armored vehicle crew, including obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety. Mental health service for the crew should be enhanced to improve their psychological quality.

目的 建立舱室环境主要有害因素对乘员作业安全影响的综合评价方法,为装甲车辆设计、改造提供依据.方法 应用模糊综合评价方法建立评价模型,影响等级为小、较小、大、很大四个等级,影响因素为高温、有害气体、噪声和振动,应用层次分析法确定权重系数,通过主观感受调查问卷建立隶属函数,计算等级值进行等级判断.选择某车型的30名乘员进行了调查问卷,对该车型舱室环境对乘员作业安全影响程度进行了综合评估.结果 该型车的综合评价表明舱室环境对乘员作业安全影响等级为较小.结论 基于主观感受调查问卷建立模糊综合评价方法,使设计部门能够对车舱环境对乘员作战的影响有总体了解,以改善作业环境.

结合计算机辅助人机工程学软件JACK,构建P95百分位虚拟人并进行实验设计,探讨坐姿状态下人视水平线上方、下方显示器设计时不同倾斜角度对头部舒适度的影响(以头部关节舒适度值作为依据).实验时自变量为显示器倾斜角度,因变量为头部关节舒适度.实验结果显示:1)坐姿状态下,显示器中心在人视水平线上方时,当顶端固定,显示器倾斜角向偏离虚拟人眼的方向逐渐增大时,舒适性无明显变化;当底端固定,显示器倾斜角向虚拟人眼的方向逐渐靠近时,舒适性越来越差;2)坐姿状态下,显示器中心在人视水平线下方时,当顶端固定,显示器倾斜角向虚拟人眼的方向逐渐增大时,显示器倾斜角与舒适性成正比;反之,当底端固定,显示器倾斜角向偏离虚拟人眼的方向逐渐增大时,显示器倾斜角与舒适性成反比.

Simulation computation is performed for the drop process of a package using the computer simulation technology.A drop simulation analysis is conducted for the package using finite element soft-ware ABAQUS/Explicit.Finally,we obtain the indicators of stress,strain and energy change cloud quan-titative and the curve of change over time stress of the transport package.Based on the model simulation result,the impact on the transport package is analyzed to provide a basis and reference for drop and impact resistant design.

目的 探讨某型通风装置在特种车辆中的应用效果,判断其是否能够满足国军标对人员通风量的规定和要求.方法 运用风速仪分别测试车辆舱室出风口处和人员头部风速,运用直尺测量并计算舱室内空气容积,按照GJB5421规定的风口风量法计算新风量和空气交换率,并进行对比.结果 该通风装置通风量为716.02 m3/h,空气交换率为47.73/h,驾驶员和载员头部平均风速分别为1.73 m/s、1.36m/s和0.70m/s,满足GJB5421中通风量相关要求.结论 该型通风装置能够满足该特种车辆舱室内人员对通风需要的新风量、空气交换率和头部风速的要求.

This paper designs a type of intelli-gent electronic anti snore apparatus,which is in the integration of curative treatment,query effect and timing inquires wake function.This device is with the ATmega48 as the core and single battery power supply,uses ultra low power booster circuit LY1308 to achieve that the power supply is stable. It uses simple line linked serial interface LCD dis-play that facilitate the patients’query of relevant information.According to the principle that in-stantaneous discharge momently when shut off,the device uses less component to achieve large boost-er,will 3 V DC voltage up to 200 V or so of im-pulse voltage,to realise awakening function of irri-tating skin.

The standards and methods of evaluating the hand-transmitted vibration are comparative analyzed.A special wheeled vehicle as a research object was taken.By driving on two different road-surfaces,the experimental data of the vehicle is recorded at different velocities,and the processed data is analyzed in frequency domain.The hand-transmitted vibration of the special wheeled vehicleu0027s steering wheel can be evaluation by two methods specified in the international standard and the national occupational health standard.The result of vehicle test shows that the 8 hours energy equivalent frequency-weighted vibration total value of the special wheeled vehicle u0027s steering wheel is 0.382 72 m / s2,and it meet the requirements specified by the EU directives; The 4 hours energy equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration to vibration are all less than the limit value(5 m / s2) specified by standard GBZ 2.2—2007.

针对乘员反映的某型装甲车辆行驶过程中座椅,尤其是座椅靠背不舒适的问题,在车辆行驶状态下以座椅-靠背处、座椅支撑面为测点,对车长位原座椅以及另一拟更换安装座椅分别进行了随机振动测量试验;并在采用GB/T 13441.1-2007规定的方法处理试验结果数据的基础上,通过振动总量及频谱分析比较了两种座椅的动态舒适性.弥补了以往座椅振动试验研究中仅针对座椅支撑面进行测量评价,而未考虑座椅-靠背、座椅坐垫支撑面振动对舒适性综合影响的不足,为该装甲车辆座椅系统选择提供了依据.

作者通过查阅相关资料,简单归纳了高原高寒地区的气候和环境特点,并针对高原高寒环境特点,分析了高原高寒环境对机体的生理和心理功能的影响,重点从血氧饱和度和心率等生理功能指标、红细胞、中性粒细胞等免疫功能指标、感觉、记忆、思维等心理功能指标等方面阐述了高原低氧对机体生理、免疫和心理功能的影响,并从机体的体温和代谢、神经系统、循环系统等生理功能的改变情况分析了低温对机体的影响,最后从供氧、高原习服、低氧预适应、被动加温等角度提出预防高原反应以及高原病的防护措施.

[Objective]To study the effect of the fuel calorifier in armored ambulance,and make a decision whether it satisfies the demand of GJB about the cabin temperature in cold regions environment or not under conditions of typical clothing. [Methods]In cold regions environment,the temperature of location of head,abdomen and foot of wounded soldier decubitus in the ambulance cabin were measured,and then the average temperature was calculated and compared according to the methods of GJB 3991.[Results]Starting calorifier for 75 min,the average temperature of ambulance cabin reached 7. 4 ℃,the temperature difference between head and foot was 4. 9 ℃ which satisfied the demand of temperature for keeping comfortable in GJB 3991. After 90min,the average temperature of ambulance cabin reached 12. 6 ℃,it's consistent with the demand of temperature for normal comfortable in GJB 3991. [Conclusion]This calorifier can satisfy the demand of the cabin air heating and treatment of the wounded in armored ambulance under severe cold environment.

Objective:to test drivers and passengers’ seat surface vibration in the process of driving,analyze the vibration characteristics and propose vibration protection measures.Methods: to measure vibration acceleration of seat position by having road test for special vehicle A and B,test and analyze the vibration acceleration of drivers and passengers 'seat surface,and analyze the change law for corresponding exposure time of fatigue-ergonomics lower limits(Tfd).Results/Conclusions: the Tfd of corresponding seat surface presented obvious directional differences,vibration environment of the driver seat was worse,so the key should be improving vibration protection level of the driver seat.

This paper discussed the ergonomics requirements for mechanical characteristics of the control device.A multi-body dynamic model of the truck was established based on the ADAMS/Car,and simulation test on truck steering portability was conducted.The simulation results proved that the mechanical characteristics of steering wheel meet the ergonomics requirements,and the truck possessed good steering portability.

针对商用汽车电动助力转向(EPS)系统中存在的车辆低速行驶时转向回正不足而高速行驶时又容易出现回正超调的现象,提出了一种模糊控制策略,该控制策略可以根据车速和转向盘转角之间的变化关系自动调整回正力矩的大小。仿真结果表明在回正控制中,采用模糊控制策略能有效改善车辆低速时的回正性,抑制车辆在高速时的回正超调现象。