独生子女和老龄化现象在中国越来越普遍.老龄化后,如何更好地对老年人进行健康监测和管理已成为社会关注的热点.另外,随着我国对孩子健康和安全的关注越来越重视,如何研制一款智能远程监护设备,并利用该设备实时检测孩子的各项生理指标参数,使父母能够及时掌握孩子的身体状况,也是当前社会关注的焦点.传统的健康监护设备由于其体积较大、功能单一、操作复杂、时效性差,数据处理滞后等问题,已无法满足当下需求.随着人工智能、数据分析、集成电路、MEMS等科学技术的日趋发展以及如何应用这些新型技术,建立"医养结合"的远程智能健康监护系统,给用户带来智能化、便捷化的健康管理服务,已经引起了越来越多的关注.文章将融合当前的人工智能技术和无线通信技术,搭建一种基于可穿戴设备的远程生理健康信息监控系统,并将详细介绍该系统的架构设计、功能实现及技术应用.

目的 探求基于心率变异性的特种车辆乘员作业工效的评价指标及可行性.方法 以在平原地区、海拔3650m和海拔4320m的高原地区作业的特种车辆乘员作为观察人群,采集作业前后长时程动态心电信号,按1小时时程截取作业前、作业过程的HRV(心率变异性)值,对不同地域环境下乘员作业前、作业过程中的时域指标和频域指标值进行了显著性、相关性对比分析.结果 与作业前相比乘员作业过程中时域指标maxRR(最大RR间期)、SDNN(周期长度变异性)、RMSSD(相邻RR间期差值均方根值)、PNN50(相邻RR间期差值大于50ms的心搏个数占比)和频域指标ULF(超低频功率)、VLF(极低频功率)、LF(低频功率)、HF(高频功率)均有不同程度降低,其中A、B两个地区的maxRR、RMSSD、PNN50、ULF、LF、HF降低明显(P<0.05),另外海拔3650 m地区的SDNN、VLF指标也有明显降低.乘员作业过程LF/HF(平衡比)指标较作业前明显升高(P<0.05),同时LF/HF随着海拔高度的升高逐渐升高,2个高原组显著高于平原组(P<0.05).表明乘员作业引起交感-副交感神经均衡性向交感神经张力增强的方向发展,副交感神经系统在心脏调控作用下降,导致乘员作业中心率增加,乘员作业负荷增加、作业能力下降.结论 低频高频平衡比LF/HF指标可以作为乘员作业工效评价指标.

针对肩抗式发射武器显控装置人机尺寸的不合理设计会增加操作人员静态肌肉疲劳情况,应用人机工程学理论提出该装置人机尺寸优化设计方法,并在VB软件平台开发"肩抗式发射武器人机尺寸设计建议"应用程序.将Jack软件获取的操作者肩、肘、腕、头部关节角度值输入到VB应用程序,调用人体尺寸数据库,得到装置人机尺寸设计建议值.通过某肩抗式发射武器优化设计实例表明提出的方法快捷、易操作,可提高操作者舒适性.

Innovation is a process in which new knowledge or technology is applied to the production of human beings and the structural change of productivity,It is extremely important for research institutes. The author discusses the purpose, content and method of scientific research by means of personal work experience, At the same time put forward the scientific research workers should have the courage to innovate, scientific research institutes should actively improve the mechanism, collaborative innovation, and jointly promote the scientific research level.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mental health status in armored vehicle crew (commanders, gunners, and drivers) , to know the level of mental health in them, and to provide educational intervention.METHODS:In April 2009, 120 male armored vehicle crew with >2 driving years were enrolled as battle group, and 70 male persons within the same age group who were not engaged in armored vehicle operation were enrolled as control group. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was used to evaluate the mental status of the 180 subjects.RESULTS:Compared with the control group, the battle group showed significantly higher scores on the subscales of obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation (t=2.323, 3.250, 3.158, 2.712, 2.391, and 2.137, all P<0.05) , as well as significantly higher total score, number of positive items, and average score of positive symptoms (t=4.128, 4.357, and 4.632, all P<0.05). In the battle group, the scores on the subscales of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and additional items, total score, number of positive items, and average score of positive symptoms were significantly lower than the military reference values (t=4.364, 5.127, 5.280, 3.783, 7.012, 5.361, 4.369, 6.167, 6.476, 3.558, 6.357, 4.379, and 6.763, all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:A survey should be performed on the mental health status of armored vehicle crew, including obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety. Mental health service for the crew should be enhanced to improve their psychological quality.

结合计算机辅助人机工程学软件JACK,构建P95百分位虚拟人并进行实验设计,探讨坐姿状态下人视水平线上方、下方显示器设计时不同倾斜角度对头部舒适度的影响(以头部关节舒适度值作为依据).实验时自变量为显示器倾斜角度,因变量为头部关节舒适度.实验结果显示:1)坐姿状态下,显示器中心在人视水平线上方时,当顶端固定,显示器倾斜角向偏离虚拟人眼的方向逐渐增大时,舒适性无明显变化;当底端固定,显示器倾斜角向虚拟人眼的方向逐渐靠近时,舒适性越来越差;2)坐姿状态下,显示器中心在人视水平线下方时,当顶端固定,显示器倾斜角向虚拟人眼的方向逐渐增大时,显示器倾斜角与舒适性成正比;反之,当底端固定,显示器倾斜角向偏离虚拟人眼的方向逐渐增大时,显示器倾斜角与舒适性成反比.

Objective To investigate the relationship between psychological quality and performance capacity of the crew in armored equipment so as to provide scientific evidence for the training of crew .Methods The psychological quality of 82 crew members of armored cavalry was tested and analyzed by neurobehavioral testers and questionnaires .Results and Conclusion The education level and age had no significant effect on the performance capacity among the armored crew . The test results of psychological quality parameters showed the same trend as the performance capacity of the crew , but their psychological health status had obvious effect on the performance capacity .The psychological quality of the crew had great influence on their performance capacity ,so we should pay attention to mental intervention ,enhance psychological protection ability of the crew , and improve their combat effectiveness continuously .

The fundamental factors measuring popularity of an institute and core competitiveness are the level and quality of scientific research. It is an important work that the scientific research management departments should organize declare project and carry out research. For innovative research projects,extensive knowledge and high risks, at different stages of research projects,must take the appropriate project management methods in order to complete the research tasks on time with high quality.

目的 通过估算装甲车辆作业过程中乘员血中的碳氧血红蛋白含量,为车辆改进和人员防护提供依据.方法 采用PGM 2000复合式电化学气体检测仪,连续测量车辆以20～50 km/h速度在混合路面上密闭行进120 min时舱内的CO浓度,计算CO时间加权平均浓度和短时间接触浓度,同时计算行进20、40、60、80、100和120 min时舱内的CO平均浓度,依据碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)与CO浓度、暴露时间的公式,估算乘员血中的COHb含量.结果 驾驶舱的CO时间加权平均浓度为16.7 mg/m3,短时间接触浓度为95.6 mg/m3,作业舱的CO浓度时间加权平均浓度为13.8 mg/m3,短时间接触浓度为87.2 mg/m3,驾驶舱和作业舱的CO短时间接触浓度均超过了标准限值规定;驾驶员和作业舱乘员作业结束时血中的COHb含量分别为5.1％和4.3％,驾驶员血中的COHb含量超过了标准限值规定.结论 应采取措施严格控制装甲车辆舱室内CO浓度.

作者通过查阅相关资料,简单归纳了高原高寒地区的气候和环境特点,并针对高原高寒环境特点,分析了高原高寒环境对机体的生理和心理功能的影响,重点从血氧饱和度和心率等生理功能指标、红细胞、中性粒细胞等免疫功能指标、感觉、记忆、思维等心理功能指标等方面阐述了高原低氧对机体生理、免疫和心理功能的影响,并从机体的体温和代谢、神经系统、循环系统等生理功能的改变情况分析了低温对机体的影响,最后从供氧、高原习服、低氧预适应、被动加温等角度提出预防高原反应以及高原病的防护措施.

目的探讨装甲车辆噪声对乘员听力的影响,为装甲车辆降噪技术和乘员的听力防护措施研究提供基础数据。方法选择3种车型,每车测试2点,噪声测试仪器于试验前0.5 h安装于装甲车内驾驶舱和战斗舱相应位置,在车辆行驶过程中连续测量噪声,听力在跑车前测量1次,并开展问卷调查。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ型车驾驶舱的等效声级分别为(90.2±1.89)、(90.1±2.53)dB(A),战斗舱的等效声级分别为(108.0±2.62)、(104.9±3.28)dB(A),Ⅲ型车驾驶舱等效声级为(99.7±3.05)dB(A);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型车操作乘员左右耳的语频平均听阈均高于对照;Ⅱ型车操作乘员左耳听力异常率(48.1%)和Ⅱ、Ⅲ型车操作乘员右耳听力异常率(40.7%、27.7%)明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01);问卷调查结果显示舱室内噪声舒适性差,影响车内、车间乘员间的有效沟通。结论装甲车内噪声对乘员的听力有较强影响,应当加强乘员听力防护和车辆降噪技术研究。

[Objective]To study the effect of the fuel calorifier in armored ambulance,and make a decision whether it satisfies the demand of GJB about the cabin temperature in cold regions environment or not under conditions of typical clothing. [Methods]In cold regions environment,the temperature of location of head,abdomen and foot of wounded soldier decubitus in the ambulance cabin were measured,and then the average temperature was calculated and compared according to the methods of GJB 3991.[Results]Starting calorifier for 75 min,the average temperature of ambulance cabin reached 7. 4 ℃,the temperature difference between head and foot was 4. 9 ℃ which satisfied the demand of temperature for keeping comfortable in GJB 3991. After 90min,the average temperature of ambulance cabin reached 12. 6 ℃,it's consistent with the demand of temperature for normal comfortable in GJB 3991. [Conclusion]This calorifier can satisfy the demand of the cabin air heating and treatment of the wounded in armored ambulance under severe cold environment.

The influence factors of human-fault are divided into design factor, maintainance factor, use factor, human factor, man-machine factor and environment factor according to the reasons of human-fault on armored equipment in testing and use. Six influence factors of human-fauh on armored equipment are discriminated and analyzed by gray related analysis method. It is found the factors causing human-fault rate on armored equipment from high to low are： maintainance factor, use factor, man-machine factor, design factor, environment factor and human factor. This result can provide the theory basis for the management and design of armored equipment.

This paper discussed the ergonomics requirements for mechanical characteristics of the control device.A multi-body dynamic model of the truck was established based on the ADAMS/Car,and simulation test on truck steering portability was conducted.The simulation results proved that the mechanical characteristics of steering wheel meet the ergonomics requirements,and the truck possessed good steering portability.

Objective The article provides theoretical basis about the selection standard formulation of crew member and the reasonable design of special vehicle,by measuring and analyzing the human body shape parameters of special vehicle crew members.Material and Methods the human body shape parameters were measured according to GB/T5703-1999.Results The body size mean value from each item of the human body shape parameter was not less than fifty but less than ninety-five hundred-cent-point in GJB1835.Conclusion The human body shape parameter of special vehicle crew members was still in the range of GJB1835,but it has been ascending.

Adrances in the researches of sand drift disasters and defense system were reviewed from the aspects of natural conditions,degree of sand drift disaster,mechanical,and biological defense system along the Trim desert highway.Research achievements recent more than 10 years were introduced.Problems and development trends of the research were discussed.

This article summarized the latest research production of occurrence theories,estimation and elimination methods about exercise fatigue.We provided the fundamentally technical data for the development of the exercise fatigue research,by summarizing the related researches of the exercise fatigue.