Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) is a promising material for gas separation applications. It also serves as a prototype for numerous ZIFs, including amorphous ones, with a broader range of possible applications, including sensors, catalysis, and lithography. It consists of zinc coordinated with 2-methylimidazolate (2mIm) and has been synthesized with methods ranging from liquid-phase to solvent-free synthesis, which aim to control its crystal size and shape, film thickness and microstructure, and incorporation into nanocomposites. Depending on the synthesis method and postsynthesis treatments, ZIF-8 materials may deviate from the nominal defect-free ZIF-8 crystal structure due to defects like missing 2mIm, missing zinc, and physically adsorbed 2mIm trapped in the ZIF-8 pores, which may alter its performance and stability. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been used to assess the presence of defects in ZIF-8 and related materials. However, conflicting interpretations by various authors persist in the literature. Here, we systematically investigate ZIF-8 vibrational spectra by combining experimental IR spectroscopy and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations, focusing on assigning peaks and elucidating the spectroscopic signals of putative defects present in the ZIF-8 material. We attempt to resolve conflicting assignments from the literature and to provide a comprehensive understanding of the vibrational spectra of ZIF-8 and its defect-induced variations, aiming toward more precise quality control and design of ZIF-8-based materials for emerging applications.

With the adoption of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) to decrease microelectronic device dimensions, recent photoresist research has focused on the development of next generation metal-organic resist materials. To enhance lithographic capabilities and mitigate common drawbacks seen from traditional solvent based processes like spin coating and solution phase development, interest has shifted towards solvent-free "dry" deposition and development. These dry techniques can obviate extra processing steps, significantly reduce the amount of solvent waste generated, and even allow for reduced defect density and higher resolution. The process described herein avoids the use of solvents, and ultimately many issues associated with solvents, by depositing metal-organic resists using atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) and developing them using a selective thermal dry etching process. The low temperature (e.g., 100-120°C) thermal development conditions used in this study are notable in the context of lithography processes, as the high temperatures required in other dry etching processes can be difficult to implement in nanofabrication processes. Our previous work has focused on using amorphous zinc-imidazolate (aZnMIm) films in an all-dry resist technology, achieving resolution down to 22nm. Here, we explore the role of temperature and time on dry development and examine pattern transfer into silicon substrates. Preliminary pattern transfer experiments suggest that an etch selectivity of at least 7:1 exists for electron-beam treated aZnMIm over silicon using a pseudo-Bosch plasma etch. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of dry development at lower temperatures and times and suggest potential for aZnMIm as a high-resolution resist for nextgeneration lithography.

We report an extended measurement of the neutron cross section on argon in the energy range of 95-720 MeV. The measurement was obtained with a 4.3-hour exposure of the Mini-CAPTAIN detector to the WNR/LANSCE beam at LANL. Compared to an earlier analysis of the same data, this extended analysis includes a reassessment of systematic uncertainties, in particular related to unused wires in the upstream part of the detector. Using this information we doubled the fiducial volume in the experiment and increased the statistics by a factor of 2.4. We also shifted the analysis from energy bins to time-of-flight bins. This change reduced the overall considered energy range, but improved the understanding of the energy spectrum of incoming neutrons in each bin. Overall, the new measurements are extracted from a fit to the attenuation of the neutron flux in five time-of-flight regions: 140 ns - 180 ns, 120 ns - 140 ns, 112 ns - 120 ns, 104 ns - 112 ns, 96 ns - 104 ns. The final cross sections are given for the flux-averaged energy in each time-of-flight bin: $\sigma(146~\rm{MeV})=0.60^{+0.14}_{-0.14}\pm0.08$(syst) b, $\sigma(236~\rm{MeV})=0.72^{+0.10}_{-0.10}\pm0.04$(syst) b, $\sigma(319~\rm{MeV})=0.80^{+0.13}_{-0.12}\pm0.040$(syst) b, $\sigma(404~\rm{MeV})=0.74^{+0.14}_{-0.09}\pm0.04$(syst) b, $\sigma(543~\rm{MeV})=0.74^{+0.09}_{-0.09}\pm0.04$(syst) b.

Fibrous composite materials provide distinct advantages in large surface area and enhanced molecular transport through the media, lending themselves to diverse applications. Despite substantial development in synthetic methods, it is still lacking in insights into structure–property relationships that can correlate features of the functional materials to absorptive, transport, and catalytic performance of the composites. Herein, for the first time, a systematic structure–property–function analysis is provided for Zr‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) coated onto polypropylene nonwoven textiles. MOF fraction on the fabric and defect density in MOF microstructures are controlled by an in situ seeded growth, where fiber surfaces are pretreated with metal‐oxide by atomic layer deposition. The best performing MOF‐fiber composite shows a rapid catalytic hydrolysis rate for a chemical warfare agent simulant, p‐nitrophenyl phosphate with t1/2 < 5 min, and a significant permeation restriction of a real agent GD‐vapor through the composite. Of added advantage is the observed moisture vapor transport rate of 15 000 g m−2 day−1 for the composite, which is notably superior to that of other commercially available chemical‐protective fabrics. The chemical‐protective composites realized in this work overcome the breathability/detoxification trade‐off and show promise for the materials to be deployed in a realistic field.

The integration of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with polymer fibres enables the formation of fibrous composite materials with advantages over traditional single-component polymer films and mixed-matrix membranes. In comparison with mixed-matrix membranes, MOF–polymer fibrous composites offer improved molecular transport through the material and easier access to the active sites of MOFs. These attributes make fibrous composites appealing for clothing, personal protective equipment, air purification and filtration, biomedical equipment and delivery of therapeutics, along with detection and sensing applications. In this Review, we outline approaches for the incorporation of MOFs into, or onto, polymer fibres and present some applications for MOF–polymer fabrics. The integration of MOFs and polymers can either occur prior to fibre formation (namely, MOF-first), via particle deposition (resulting in either covalent or non-covalent attachment) of MOFs to the fibre or by in situ MOF growth after fibre formation (namely, fibre-first). We focus on the structure–processing–activity relationships — for example, MOF loading, MOF crystal size, polymer concentration and processing parameters — that impact the behaviour of fibrous composites. We conclude with a discussion of research avenues that can advance this burgeoning field. Composites made from metal–organic frameworks and polymer fibres are gaining popularity in many applications because of their tailorable morphologies and properties. This Review summarizes various methods for fabricating these composites, explores structure–processing–activity relationships and discusses future research opportunities.

The fabrication of periodic 3D nanostructures with uniform material properties has been widely investigated and is important for applications in photonics, mechanics, and energy storage. However, creating nanostructures with spatially varying lattice geometry and material composition is still largely an unexplored challenge in nanofabrication. This work presents the fabrication of non-uniform nanolattices by patterning multiple layers of 3D nanostructures using phase shift lithography and atomic layer deposition. By controlling the processing parameters, the lattice geometry and material composition of each individual nanolattice layer can be tailored to create arbitrary material property profiles. Using the proposed method, a five-layer nanolattice with spatially varying porosity and oxide materials has been demonstrated. This process can be used to create gradient-index antireflection nanostructures, and a fabricated four-layer nanolattice structure consisting of TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 with gradually varying porosity reduces more than 90% of the specular reflectance from a silicon substrate. By enabling nanolattices with arbitrary profiles in physical properties, the demonstrated technique can find broad applications in nanophotonics, graded filters, energy storage systems, and nanoarchitected films.

Freestanding MOF predominant hollow fiber mats are fabricatedviaan oxide-to-MOF conversion approach. The unique hollow fiber mats show promising potential in CO2adsorption, CO2/N2separation, and VOC abatement applications.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can catalyze toxic chemical decontamination, but new MOF materials and synthesis strategies are needed to improve performance, particularly in field-usable MOF-textile formats. This article reports for the first time the exceptional photocatalytic reactivity of Al-PMOF (Al-porphyrin-based MOF), composed of an earth-abundant metal-containing Al(OH)O-4 cluster bridged by H2TCPP (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) chromophores, against the toxic sulfur mustard simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) under visible-light irradiation. Furthermore, Al-PMOF is strongly immobilized into polymeric fibers via well-controlled Al2O3 solid film conversion using dimethylformamide/water cosolvent. The approach enables a secure integration of conformal Al-PMOF films onto polymer fibers at a relatively low synthesis temperature (120 degrees C). In addition, on a per-unit mass of MOF basis, the surface-bound Al-PMOF films enable extremely rapid CEES detoxification turnover frequency, up to 170 mol(CEES)mol(chromophore)(-1)min(-1), more than 10-fold faster than the best MOF powders and 2-fold better than MOF films reported to date.

Background & Aim As therapeutic cells, ES-MPC has been studied as a good alternative source to overcoming the disadvantages of adult MSC such as a limiting proliferative capacity and different biological characteristics result from various donor. There are various methods of producing ES-MPC, but can be divided into two main ways: the 3D platform (EB formation) method and the 2D culture (Direct) method. All of the ES-MPC differentiated using each method is known to have MSC-specific characteristics and tri-lineage differentiation capacities. However, there are still differences in proliferative capacity, therapeutic efficacy, differentiation duration and cost of ES-MPC according to differentiation methods. We developed a simple, direct differentiation method of hES-MPC. In this study, we produced ES-EB-MPC and ES-Direct-MPC from the same SCNT-hESC, and analyzed their characters, gene expression profiles, and genetic stability in order to understand ES-MPC characteristics and find the best protocol. Methods, Results & Conclusion We used CHA-hES NT17 and NT18 for this study. For Direct method, SCNT-hESC were treated with SB431542 for 3 days, and then additionally treated with RS-1 and Y27632, simultaneously. After 24 hour, the cells were transferred with collagenase and cultured. We have got homogenous cell population by serial sub-passaging. For EB method, SCNT-hESC were differentiated as described in our previous report (Cell Prolif. 2019). The ES-Direct-MPC and ES-EB-MPC were expressed by typical MSC markers and undergone tri-lineage differentiation similar to each other. Although ES-Direct-MPC were established faster than ES-EB-MPC, the analysis of gene expression patterns using microarray analysis between ES-Direct-MPC and ES-EB-MPC showed very similar patterns (scatter plot, R=0.99). Moreover, gene ontology analysis showed the same gene expression pattern classified by cellular function. ArrayCGH results showed that both ES-Direct-MPC and ES-EB-MPC had high genetic stability. Based on these results, there are no differences in MSC characteristics and proliferation capacity between EB and Direct methods, if so, the direct differentiation method we developed can save time and cost to produce ES-MPC. This research was supported by grants (No.2017M3A9C6061284, 2017M3A9F8072235 and 2019R1A6A1A03032888) from the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF funded by the Korean government (MSIP).

The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE Far Detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 1 contains an executive summary that describes the general aims of this document. The remainder of this first volume provides a more detailed description of the DUNE physics program that drives the choice of detector technologies. It also includes concise outlines of two overarching systems that have not yet evolved to consortium structures: computing and calibration. Volumes 2 and 3 of this IDR describe, for the single-phase and dual-phase technologies, respectively, each detector module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure.

Background & Aim Reprogramming efficiency of somatic cell nuclei is very low in both somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and iPSCs technologies. Recently, it was reported that the genetic instability and DNA damage arise prior to transcriptional activity during reprogramming. Subsequently, in the absence of mitotic nuclear remodeling, DNA replication is delayed and errors are exacerbated (Egli D et al., 2017). Methods, Results & Conclusion Here, in order to find a regulator of DNA damage during reprogramming events, we observed the effect of RAD51 stimulatory compound (RS-1) supplements in DNA repair process of mouse SCNT embryos in the early embryogenesis and compared with in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived embryos. First, Rad51 mRNA expression in both embryos of SCNT and IVF groups was observed at 1-cell, 2-cell, and 4-cell stages. In IVF group, relative Rad51 mRNA expression was markedly decreased from 1-cell to 2-cell stages and then restored in 4 cell stage. However, in SCNT group, its expression decreased from 1-cell to 2-cell stages at a similar rate with IVF group, but not recovered at 4-cell stage. Based on these results, we have observed DNA damage detected by rH2AX and DNA repair of double strand breaks by Rad51 expressions. The rH2AX expression was highly localized in the nucleus of IVF embryo when compared with SCNT groups until 10 h after reconstruction of embryos. However Rad51 was not expressed in the nucleus until 10 h after SCNT moreover, at 12h after SCNT, rH2AX showed highly dotted in nuclear in both IVF and SCNT+RS-1 group. A large number of embryos were observed Rad51 expression only in IVF and SCNT+RS-1 groups. In this study, we found different expression of some cell cycle-related genes among IVF, SCNT and SCNT+RS-1 groups by RNA-sequencing. The SCNT+RS-1 group significantly enhanced blastocyst formation rate of the cloned embryos when compared to those of the RS-1-untreated group, and reduced the rate of DNA fragmentation. Furthermore SCNT+RS-1 group improved full term clone mice rates and significantly increased the derivation efficiency of pluripotent stem cells from cloned embryos (SCNT-PSCs). Based on these results, we suggest that DNA damage and Rad51-mediated DNA repair during DNA replication could complement each other and its regulation has plays an important role in somatic cell nuclei reprogramming process. Reprogramming efficiency of somatic cell nuclei is very low in both somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and iPSCs technologies. Recently, it was reported that the genetic instability and DNA damage arise prior to transcriptional activity during reprogramming. Subsequently, in the absence of mitotic nuclear remodeling, DNA replication is delayed and errors are exacerbated (Egli D et al., 2017). Here, in order to find a regulator of DNA damage during reprogramming events, we observed the effect of RAD51 stimulatory compound (RS-1) supplements in DNA repair process of mouse SCNT embryos in the early embryogenesis and compared with in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived embryos. First, Rad51 mRNA expression in both embryos of SCNT and IVF groups was observed at 1-cell, 2-cell, and 4-cell stages. In IVF group, relative Rad51 mRNA expression was markedly decreased from 1-cell to 2-cell stages and then restored in 4 cell stage. However, in SCNT group, its expression decreased from 1-cell to 2-cell stages at a similar rate with IVF group, but not recovered at 4-cell stage. Based on these results, we have observed DNA damage detected by rH2AX and DNA repair of double strand breaks by Rad51 expressions. The rH2AX expression was highly localized in the nucleus of IVF embryo when compared with SCNT groups until 10 h after reconstruction of embryos. However Rad51 was not expressed in the nucleus until 10 h after SCNT moreover, at 12h after SCNT, rH2AX showed highly dotted in nuclear in both IVF and SCNT+RS-1 group. A large number of embryos were observed Rad51 expression only in IVF and SCNT+RS-1 groups. In this study, we found different expression of some cell cycle-related genes among IVF, SCNT and SCNT+RS-1 groups by RNA-sequencing. The SCNT+RS-1 group significantly enhanced blastocyst formation rate of the cloned embryos when compared to those of the RS-1-untreated group, and reduced the rate of DNA fragmentation. Furthermore SCNT+RS-1 group improved full term clone mice rates and significantly increased the derivation efficiency of pluripotent stem cells from cloned embryos (SCNT-PSCs). Based on these results, we suggest that DNA damage and Rad51-mediated DNA repair during DNA replication could complement each other and its regulation has plays an important role in somatic cell nuclei reprogramming process.

Angle of progression (AoP) is an accurate and reproducible parameter for assessment of fetal descent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the AoP in the management of prolonged second stage of labour by analysing the change of AoP during second stage in the vaginal delivery group compared to the failed vaginal delivery group. This study included nulliparous women who had term delivery in cephalic presentation in Korea University Guro Hospital and took intrapartum ultrasonogram to measure AoP since cervix was fully dilated. We compared change of AoP during 2nd stage of the labour between the vaginal delivery group and the failed vaginal delivery group. No significant differences were found between two groups in maternal age, gestational age, birth weight, use of epidural anesthesia and oxytocin. Duration between 6cm cervical dilatation and full dilatation was longer in the failed vaginal delivery group compared to vaginal delivery group. AoP were measured in 176 women (147 vaginal deliveries, 29 emergency Caesarean section) since cervix was fully dilated. We analysed AoP data measured for the last time before delivery. Median AoP was significantly higher in the vaginal delivery group compared to the failed vaginal delivery group (136.16±19.12° vs 118.97±16.11° ; P < 0.01). For the prediction of successful vaginal delivery, the optimal AoP cut-off was 125°. AoP was significantly higher in vaginal delivery group compared to the failed vaginal delivery group when second stage of labour lasted more than 120 minutes (139.79±16.09° vs 119.78±16.82°; P < 0.01). Labour dystocia is the most common indication for primary Caesarean section. To reduce the rate of primary Caesarean section, accurate measurement of fetal station is very crucial during the second stage of labour. AoP seems to be very useful in the management of prolonged second stage of labour. AoP may serve as a guidance to clinicians whether vaginal delivery can be expected or not.

INTRODUCTION:Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is commonly used in the investigation of acute myeloid leukaemias (AML). Stable reference genes (RG) are essential for accurate and reliable reporting but no standard method for selection has been endorsed.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We evaluated simple statistics and published model-based approaches. Multiplex-qPCR was conducted to determine the expression of 24 candidate RG in AMLs (N=9). Singleplex-qPCR was carried out on selected RG (SRP14, B2M and ATP5B) and genes of interest in AML (N=15) and healthy controls, HC (N=12).RESULTS:RG expression levels in AML samples were highly variable and coefficient of variance (CV) ranged from 0.37% to 10.17%. Analysis using GeNorm and Normfinder listed different orders of most stable genes but the top seven (ACTB, UBE2D2, B2M, NF45, RPL37A, GK, QARS) were the same. In singleplex-qPCR, SRP14 maintained the lowest CV in AML samples. B2M, one of most stable reference genes in AML, was expressed near significantly different in AML and HC. GeNorm selected ATP5B+SRP14 while Normfinder chose SRP14+B2M as the best two RG in combination. The median expressions of combined RG genes in AML compared to HC were less significantly different than individually implying smaller expression variation after combination. Genes of interest normalised with RG in combination or individually, displayed significantly different expression patterns.CONCLUSIONS:The selection of best reference gene in qPCR must consider all sample sets. Model-based approaches are important in large candidate gene analysis. This study showed combination of RG SRP14+B2M was the most suitable normalisation factor for qPCR analysis of AML and healthy individuals.

Currently, air permeable chemical/biological (CB) protective garments are based on activated carbon technology, which reduces moisture vapor transport needed for evaporative cooling and has potential to absorb and concentrate toxic materials. Researchers are exploring classes of sorbent materials that can selectively accumulate and decompose target compounds for potential to enhance protective suits and allow for novel filtration devices. Here, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-66-NH2 and HKUST-1 have been identified as such materials. To better understand how MOFs can perform in future CB protective systems, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and solution deposition were used to modify nonwoven polypropylene and flame-resistant fabrics with HKUST-1 and UiO-66-NH2. Air permeation, water vapor transport, filtration efficiency, and chemical reactivity against chemical agent simulants were assessed in relation to ALD thickness and MOF crystal size. MOF deposition on substrates decreased both air and chemical permeation while increasing filtration efficiency and chemical sorption. Moisture vapor transport was not affected by MOF growth on substrates, which is promising when considering thermal properties of protective garments. Future work should continue to explore how MOF deposition onto fiber and textile substrates impacts transport properties and chemical absorbance.

Abatement of chemical hazards using adsorptive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) attracts substantial attention, but material stability and crystal integration into functional systems remain key challenges. Herein, water-stable, polymer fiber surface-oriented M-TCPP [M = Cu, Zn, and Co; H2 TCPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin] 2D MOF crystals are fabricated using a facile hydroxy double salt (HDS) solid-source conversion strategy. For the first time, Cu-TCPP is formed from a solid source and confirmed to be highly adsorptive for NH3 and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a blistering agent simulant, in humid (80% relative humidity (RH)) conditions. Moreover, the solid HDS source is found as a unique new approach to control MOF thin-film crystal orientation, thereby facilitating radially arranged MOF crystals on fibers. On a per unit mass of MOF basis in humid conditions, the MOF/fiber composite enhances NH3 adsorptive capacity by a factor of 3 compared to conventionally prepared MOF powders. The synthesis route extends to other MOF/fiber composite systems, therefore providing a new route for chemically protective materials.

The sequential vapor infiltration (SVI) method, based on atomic layer deposition chemistry, allows the creation of a polymer–inorganic hybrid material through the diffusion of metal–organic vapor reagents into a polymer substrate. This study investigates the reactivity of the ester, amide, and carboxylic acid functional groups of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), respectively, in the presence of trimethylaluminum (TMA) vapor. This work explores the possible reaction mechanisms of these functional groups through in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemical analysis. At temperatures of ≤100 °C, TMA physisorbs to the carbonyl groups of PMMA. As the temperature is increased, TMA forms a covalent bond with PMMA. TMA physisorbs to PVP and then partially desorbs in the presence of water for all studied temperatures of ≤150 °C. PAA readily reacts with TMA to form a covalent bond with the carbonyl group at 60 °C. This increased reactivity is attributed to the acidic proton in the carboxylic acid moiety based on TMA's reactivity with hydroxyl-terminated surfaces and ab initio calculations. At temperatures of ≥100 °C, TMA catalyzes anhydride formation in PAA. These insights will help with the prediction of chemical interactions in SVI processes for the development of organic–inorganic hybrid materials.

In article number 1805133, Gregory N. Parsons and co-workers effectively separate highly toxic chemicals including NH3 and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a vesicant sulfur mustard simulant, through non-woven textiles functionalized with 2-D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The chemical protective membranes can potentially be applied to gas mask filters and to military garments to protect military populations from such hazards.

We report the first measurement of the neutron cross section on argon in the energy range of 100-800 MeV. The measurement was obtained with a 4.3-h exposure of the Mini-CAPTAIN detector to the WNR/LANSCE beam at LANL. The total cross section is measured from the attenuation coefficient of the neutron flux as it traverses the liquid argon volume. A set of 2631 candidate interactions is divided in bins of the neutron kinetic energy calculated from time-of-flight measurements. These interactions are reconstructed with custom-made algorithms specifically designed for the data in a time projection chamber the size of the Mini-CAPTAIN detector. The energy averaged cross section is 0.91±0.10(stat)±0.09(syst)  b. A comparison of the measured cross section is made to the GEANT4 and FLUKA event generator packages, where the energy averaged cross sections in this range are 0.60 and 0.68 b, respectively.

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) show promise as core materials for next generation solar cells and nanoelectronic devices. However, most commercial SWNT production methods generate mixtures of metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) and semiconducting SWNT (sc-SWNTs). Therefore, sc-SWNTs must be separated from their original mixtures before use. In this study, we investigated a polymer-based, noncovalent sc-SWNT separation approach, which is simple to perform and does not disrupt the electrical properties of the SWNTs, thus improving the performance of the corresponding sc-SWNT-based applications. By systematically investigating the effect that different structural features of the semiconductor polymer have on the separation of sc-SWNTs, we discovered that the length and configuration of the alkyl side chains and the rigidity of the backbone structure exert significant effects on the efficiency of sc-SWNT separation. We also found that electron transfer between the semiconductor polymers and sc-SWNTs is strongly affected by their energy-level alignment, which can be tailored by controlling the donor-acceptor configuration in the polymer backbone structures. Among the polymers investigated, the highly planar P8T2Z-C12 semiconductor polymer showed the best sc-SWNT separation efficiency and unprecedentedly strong electronic interaction with the sc-SWNTs, which is important for improving their performance in applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.