以腺枝葡萄'桂黑珍珠4号'一年生枝条作为插条,研究4种不同生根剂及对照(清水)以及3种不同扦插基质在扦插30天后,对形成愈伤组织插条占比、形成愈伤组织并萌芽的插条占比、未形成愈伤组织并萌芽插条占比及成苗率4个指标的影响.结果表明:生根剂吲丁·萘乙酸与萘乙酸对腺枝葡萄'桂黑珍珠4号'的形成愈伤组织插条占比有明显促进作用,对未形成愈伤组织并萌芽的插条占比有抑制作用,这两个生根剂对腺枝葡萄'桂黑珍珠4号'的生根效果好于司令、根宝套餐生根剂处理及对照;扦插基质效果依次递减为:生土:草炭:珍珠岩:椰糠=1:1:1:1优于生土优于土:沙=1:1.

以广西地区9个酿酒葡萄品种为试材,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术对果实样品中糖和有机酸组分进行测定.结果表明,9个酿酒葡萄品种成熟果实中的糖分以葡萄糖和果糖为主,含量最高的有机酸是酒石酸和苹果酸;葡萄果实总糖含量在不同品种间表现出欧亚种>欧山杂种>东亚种的总体规律;东亚种葡萄中柠檬酸含量及其占比较高.判别分析结果表明,葡萄发育期造成的差异大于品种差异,且糖酸含量较其比例的影响更显著;糖组分对多品种判别的影响力大于有机酸;较高的柠檬酸含量和比例可以作为毛葡萄和腺枝葡萄的重要特征.葡萄果实中的糖酸组分特征可以作为区分种/品种的重要指标,这对于完善广西地方特色葡萄种质资源品质评价体系具有重要意义.

两性花毛葡萄"野酿2号"于2016年引种至连南瑶族自治县,通过5年多的试种观察,该品种在连南地区表现粗生、抗性强、适应性广、早结丰产等优良特性,为当地大面积利用石漠化和荒漠化地区发展优质高效的林果经济提供了新的选择,具有很好的推广开发前景.

通过探讨'夏黑'葡萄富硒效应,为开展广西富硒土壤原位种植富硒葡萄提供参考依据.在富硒土壤中,以'夏黑'葡萄为试验材料,采用均匀设计,以复混肥、AM菌、腐殖酸、氨基酸为自变量,以试验结果中葡萄硒含量、可溶性固形物为因变量,设7个处理(处理1～处理6),经回归分析明确试验因素对葡萄硒、可溶性固形物含量的影响,优选生产优质富硒'夏黑'葡萄的外源物质施用量.结果表明:在富硒土壤中,当复混肥、AM菌、腐殖酸、氨基酸4种试验因素对应值为366.67 kg/hm2,33.33 kg/hm2,33.33 kg/hm2,366.67 kg/hm2,葡萄最高可溶性固形物含量为18.26％;当复混肥、AM菌、腐殖酸、氨基酸四试验因素对应值为110 kg/hm2,166.67 kg/hm2,166.67kg/hm2和130kg/hm2,葡萄最高硒含量为12.75μg/kg.综上所述,富硒土壤原位富硒作物栽培需根据土壤的条件、栽培品种进行探索不同的富硒栽培技术.

Vitis adenoclada Hand.-Mazz is a special wild grape resource that is often confused with Vitis heyneana Roem. & Schult in research or production practice, and there are few comprehensive studies on this species in recent years. "Gui Heizhenzhu No. 3" (GH3), as a new germplasm of V. adenoclada found in Guangxi, China, has many advantages, such as good quality and strong adaptability. In this paper, an attempt was made to introduce the breeding process of GH3, including a brief description of its botanical characteristics and its cultivation and management techniques in karst rocky desertification mountains. Meanwhile, its quality-related parameters were evaluated by widely targeted metabolomic analysis. This study indicated that GH3 had the typical botanical characteristics of V. adenoclada, but with larger fruit and a higher sugar content compared to wild or other V. adenoclada grape varieties. Metabolomic study of the target variety showed that glucose and citric acid were the main sugar and acid components in fully ripened berries. Moreover, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside presented as the characteristic anthocyanin. In addition, B-ring dihydroxylation was more active than trihydroxylation in the GH3 berry. Several of its botanical and quality characteristics highlight the unique genetic background of this variety. Thus, it has an important guiding significance and a scientific theoretical basis for identifying, exploiting, and utilizing East Asian wild grape resources.

[目的]探究光调控处理对毛葡萄野酿2号果际微气候条件及果实基本理化指标的影响,为优化广西毛葡萄栽培措施及改善广西毛葡萄酿酒品质提供理论依据.[方法]以广西南宁地区的毛葡萄品种野酿2号为研究对象,在其果实转色始期进行摘叶和铺设反光膜调控光照强度处理,以不进行摘叶和不铺设反光膜为对照,采用HOBO小型气象站采集各处理果际的温湿度和光照参数,并测定、分析两种光调控处理和对照各发育阶段果实的基本理化指标.[结果]摘叶与铺设反光膜处理均可增强野酿2号果际光照强度,且摘叶处理的效果更明显,其果际的光合有效辐射日均值是对照的6～13倍,太阳总辐射日均值是对照的2～4倍.两种光调控处理均可不同程度降低野酿2号果际的昼夜温差、日最高温度、昼夜湿度差和日最高湿度,同时增加日最低温度和湿度;降低采收期果实鲜重和可滴定酸含量,增加可溶性固形物含量及果皮色度和红色色调值.[结论]于毛葡萄野酿2号果实转色始期摘叶和铺设反光膜可改善其果际通风透光条件,缩短高温出现时间并降低高温出现频率,提升浆果品质,其中摘叶调控的效果更佳.

引进镰刀菌枯萎病4号生理小种高抗品种‘中蕉9号’,在广西南宁1—10月不同时段移栽,以‘桂蕉1号’作为对照,并观察其生长特性、产量和果实品质等表现,以期为广西优异抗病品种的选择提供参考。结果表明,与当地传统品种‘桂蕉1号’相比,‘中蕉9号’在广西种植有较大的产量优势,其平均产量较‘桂蕉1号’高16.2%;2月15日及10月1日移栽期处理产量最高。不同移栽期的‘中蕉9号’生育期较‘桂蕉1号’长140～181 d,且其夏秋季种植较冬春季种植生育期平均延长161 d,主要是由于抽蕾推迟。此外,‘中蕉9号’假茎粗壮,在抽蕾前有较高的叶片光合势和叶面积指数,是其生物量和产量形成的基础。品质方面,1月1日移栽的‘中蕉9号’果实催熟后总糖和可滴定酸含量较‘桂蕉1号’分别高出29.0%和63.0%,而脂肪含量显著低于‘桂蕉1号’,‘中蕉9号’果实表现出高糖、高酸、低脂的特点。综上,‘中蕉9号’在广西种植有一定产量优势,但生育期较长,抽蕾晚,冬春季2月15日移栽可获得高产的同时缩短生育期,但仍需进一步在病区试验种植观察其综合表现。

为了找到快速测量'野酿2号'与'桂葡6号'叶面积的办法,本研究以这两种葡萄叶片为研究对象,通过方格纸法测算准确的叶面积,将主脉长、斜长1、斜长2、叶宽等24个叶片参数与实测叶面积进行回归分析.研究结果表明:两种葡萄的(主脉长+斜长1)×叶宽、(主脉长+斜长1+斜长2)×叶宽与其实测叶面积的相关系数均最大;且'野酿2号'以(主脉长+斜长1)×叶宽为叶片参数的线性方程LA=12.349+0.452[(L+L1)W]得出的预测叶面积与其实测叶面积无显著性差异,'桂葡6号'以(主脉长+斜长1+斜长2)×宽为叶片参数的幂函数LA=0.379[(L+L1+L2)W]0.974得出的预测叶面积与其实测叶面积无显著性差异.

“阳光玫瑰”葡萄是品质极优的鲜食葡萄品种.本文对阳光玫瑰葡萄在云南的表现以及建园、水肥管理、病虫害防控等几项关键栽培技术进行了介绍,同时结合当前发展现状提出了一些建议.

This study combined national and Guangxi banana planting situation,and carried out in-depth investigation and research on the situation of banana planting,production and marketing and the incidence of fusarium wilt in Chongzuo city. Results showed that planting area and annual output for banana in Guangxi had a growth of 26.32% and 55.50% respectively,which showed an upward trend from 2011 to 2016. However,the planting area for banana in Guangxi declined in 2017,and the situation was serious. There were lots of problems the banana industry of Chongzuo faced,which included banana fields replant,quality decline,oversupply,price instability, continuous low price and vulnerable to market risks. In addition,in 2017,banana fusarium wilt disease spread rapidly in Nanning and Qinzhou and other banana producing areas in Guangxi,and banana fields in seriously ill areas had been widely replanted. The causes of Guangxi banana market downturn were mainly included concentration of listed,oversupply,exacerbating the contradiction between supply and demand by increased yield,and storage and sales affected by decline of quality,the important domestic market occupied by imported bananas,and the fruit consumption structure changed in public. Countermeasures and suggestions were put forward from the aspects of industrial technology,industrial development,international trade and temporary measures.

The composition and the content of aromatic components of wine grapes in Guangxi including Yeniang No.2 and Lingfeng were analyzed by SPME coupled with GC-MS with Cabernet Sauvignon as the contrast sample. The results showed that, there were 87 kinds of aromatic compounds isolated and identified from the three grape species (37 kinds of aromatic compounds in Yeniang No.2, 46 in Lingfeng, and 50 in Cabernet Sauvignon);the total content of aromatic compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon was obviously higher than Yeniang No.2 and Lingfeng;the main aromatic compounds were aldehydes in Yeniang No.2, accounting for 81.02％of to-tal aromatic components content, and the main aromatic compounds were alcohols and esters in Lingfeng and Cabernet Sauvignon, ac-counting for 94.95 ％ and 97.58 ％ respectively of total aromatic components content. Besides, there were significant differences in the variety, the ratio and the content of aromatic components among the three different wine grapes.

为选择适宜广西区域富硒果蔬产业的富硒叶面肥,以毛葡萄改良品种“凌丰”两性花毛葡萄为试验材料,采用“聚福硒”“中农6号”“泰山草肥”“康熙宝”等4种硒肥作为外源硒进行富硒葡萄试验研究.结果表明:1)施加硒肥葡萄果实含硒量较对照提高了1.2～16.8倍,“聚福硒”富硒效果较好,果实硒含量可达75.85μg/kg和45.79 μg/kg;2)喷施硒肥可提高葡萄部分品质,叶面喷施“聚福硒”后显著提高葡萄总糖含量的同时降低总酸含量,喷施“中农6号”则显著提高了果实维生素C含量;3)随着采摘期延迟,“凌丰”毛葡萄果实硒含量、总糖含量、总酸含量均降低,而“中农6号”总糖含量略有增加且总酸降幅较大.综上所述,建议若计划于正常采收适期采收,可采用“聚福硒”作为富硒葡萄外源肥料;若延长采摘期可选用“中农6号”作硒肥.

[Objective]Selenium enriched Moldova grape was researched based on polynomial regression analysis , so as to provide reference for planting selenium enriched grapes in Guangxi selenium enriched field without adding selenium substance. [Method]Moldova grape was used as the material in experiment. With ternary quadratic saturation D-optimum design,limestone powder(x1),AM fungal inoculum(x2), nutrient regulators(x3) as dependent variables, selenium content in grape as independent variable(y), 11 treatments(treatment 1-11) were set to conduct regression analysis. Through the ex-periment, effects of experiment factors on selenium content in Moldova grape were studied, in order to determine applica-tion rates of allogenic materials for selenium enriched grapes. [Result]In all treatments applying limestone powder, AM fungal inoculum and nutrient regulators(except treatment 1), selenium contents in Moldova grape increased 1.1 to 1.8 times compared with CK, the maximum increasement reached 87.2%. Single factor effect results showed that selenium content in grapes was the highest when applying 2400.00 kg/ha limestone powder, 69.00 kg/ha AM fungal inoculum and 39.98 kg/ha nutrient regulators, and the selenium content in Moldova grape was 11.56 μg/kg. Interaction effects analysis indicated that effects rank of two factors interaction on Moldova grape were as follows:x1x3>x1x2>x2x3. [Conclusion]Applying 2400.00 kg/ha limestone powder, 69.00 kg/ha AM fungal inoculum and 39.98 kg/ha nutrient regulators to Moldova grape plants, the fruits can reach selenium enriched level. Therefore, application of limestone powder, AM fungal inoculum and nutrient regulators can be utilized as a new technique for planting selenium enriched grapes.

[Objective]In the present study, new early maturing banana varieties were bred in order to provide candidate varieties for optimizing the variety structure of Guangxi and other banana cultivation areas. [Method]In the present study, mutant plants derived from Guijiao 6 plantlet in field were used and conducted reproduction and strain comparison, superior individual selection and multi-location planting. The characteristics, resistance and yield performance were observed and in-vestigated. [Result]The bred banana variety Guijiaozao 1 was characterized by moderate plant height , and 340-385 d of growth duration. Its harvesting stage shortened 15-30 d compared to Guijiao 6; the fruit finger was short and stubby, 2.7-3.1 cm shorter than that of Guijiao 6. Its pseudostem was 220.0-250.0 cm and 8.3%-16.7% shorter than that of Guijiao 6. The planting density of Guijiaozao 1 in Guangxi was 1800-1950 plant/ha. The yields per plant of Guijiaozao 1 new planting, the 1st and 2nd ratoon cropping in Wuming, Guangxi during 2011-2014 were 20.1, 25.2 and 24.3 kg/plant, equalled to 36180.0, 45360.0 and 43740.0 kg/ha respectively. The commodity rate of Guijiaozao 1 was 96.8%-99.1%. The fruit of Gui-jiaozao 1 after maturation showed golden-yellow peel and aromatic flavor, sweet and delicious taste, and its comprehensive quality was superior to Guijiao 6 and Guangxi Aijiao. Guijiaozao 1 performed no resistance to banana fusarium wilt and frost. It was better to end harvest before middle of December in Guangxi. In August, 2016, Guijiaozao 1 was certified and regis-tered by Guangxi Committee for Crop Variety Registration. [Conclusion]Guijiaozao 1, a moderate plant height banana va-riety, the growth duration is shorter than current main banana varieties in Guangxi. Therefore it can effectively stagger banana maturing peak stage and regulate arrangement of maturing stage. Guijiaozao 1 fruit comprehensive quality is better than Gui-jiao 6 and Guangxi Aijiao, therefore it can be promoted in south, southeast and Youjiang Valley of Guangxi.

[Objective] Hylocereus undatus stem disinfection,bud induction and proliferation were explored during tissue culture to provide technical support for mass seedling production.[Method] Taken stem of Hylocereus undatus cultivar Guihonglong No.1 as the explants,the effects of different factors on stem disinfection,bud inducement and proliferation were studied.[Result] Stem size was the main factor affecting the pollution rate of stem disinfection,followed by the effect of sterilization time and stem mature degrees.The sterilization time had the greatest influence on the bud induction,followed by the 6-BA concentration.Both the stem mature degrees and stem size had little effect on bud induction.6-BA 4.0 mg/L had the best induction effect.The higher concentration of 6-BA showed the higher multiplication ratio of buds,but when 6-BA concentration reached 4.0 mg/L,the buds appeared vitrification.The effect of IAA was better than that of NAA,and the effect of bud proliferation was better when IAA was 0.1 mg/L.PP333 was better than AC in inhibiting vitrification and promoted subculture multiplication of Hylocereus undatus.[Conclusion] The optimal treatment for stem disinfection and bud induction was suggested as:sliced the health stems of about 1 months into pieces with single bud,and disinfected them with 0.1％ HgCl2 solution,and inoculated the explants in medium of MS + 6-BA 4.0 mg/L.The optimal medium for bud proliferation was MS +6-BA 3.0 mg/L + IAA 0.1 mg/L + PP333 1.0 mg/L.

毛葡萄穗轴溃疡病主要危害果穗穗轴,引起果穗枯死和果实大量脱落,造成果实产量降低.本研究对该病的病原菌进行分离、致病性测定,并通过形态学特征、ITS rDNA和EF-1α基因序列分析将该病的主要病原鉴定为小新壳梭孢菌(Neo fusicoccum parvum).通过抑制菌丝生长法在室内初步筛选防治该病的药剂,试验结果表明,在测试的26种药剂中,30％氟硅唑微乳剂、64％噁霜·锰锌可温性粉剂、70％戊唑·丙森锌可湿性粉剂、70％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、22.2％抑霉唑乳油、70％丙森锌可湿性粉剂及60％唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂等7种药剂对该病病原的抑制作用较强,抑菌率均达100％,可作为备选药剂进行田间防治试验.

为开展广西地区毛葡萄富硒研究，本试验通过采用“聚福硒”、“泰山葡萄专用补硒叶面肥”、“中农6号”、“康熙宝有机水溶肥料”四种常见硒叶面肥，研究其对毛葡萄富硒效果及品质影响。结果表明：四种硒肥富硒效果表现为“聚福” u003e “中农” u003e “康熙” u003e “泰山”，与对照(CK)相比分别提高了96.08%，85.56%，71.12%，54.11%；不同类型硒肥对毛葡萄果实总酸、维生素C、总糖影响不尽相同；总糖含量仅“康熙”处理比对照增加0.89%，其余三种处理却比对照低；维生素C含量除“中农”比对照低其余均显著增高；总酸含量“聚福”和“中农”分别比对照显著增加13.21%和18.22%，而“泰山”和“康熙”与对照相当但差异不显著。综合各种因素考虑，我们认为“康熙宝”牌硒肥为本次试验最佳肥类。 In order to carry out the research on the Se-rich of Vitis quinquangularis Rehd. in Guangxi, this test used four selenium fertilizers of “Jufuxi”, “Taishan special selenium supplement foliar fertilizer for grape”, “Zhongnong No. 6”, “Kangxibao organic water soluble fertilizer” to study the effects on grape quality and selenium content. The results showed that: the selenium enriched effect of the four selenium fertilizers was “Jufu” u003e “Zhongnong” u003e “Kangxi” u003e “Taishan”, increased by 96.08%, 85.56%, 71.12% and 54.11% respectively compared to the control (CK); the effects of different selenium fertilizers on total acid, vitamin C and total sugar were different; the total sugar content of the “Kangxi” treatment was higher than the control by 0.89%, while the remaining three treatments were all lower; all treatments except “Zhongnong” had significantly increase than the control on the vitamin C content; the total acid content of “Jufu” and “Zhongnong” was higher than the control by 18.22% and 13.21%, but “Taishan” and “Kangxi” showed little differences to the control. We think that the selenium fertilizer of “Kangxi Bao” brand was the best fertilizer in this test.

[目的]为解决果农在毛葡萄病害防治中存在盲目使用化学药剂,造成成本高、防效低和污染重的现象,研究了毛葡萄全生育期病害有效防控实现毛葡萄高产稳产的技术.[方法]以毛葡萄生长发育期为切入点,根据各时期病害发生的特点而增减、更换使用不同的化学药剂、植物生长调节剂、叶面肥等措施.[结果]在水源试验区不同病害的盛发期综合防控措施试验区毛葡萄病害发病率均低于对照区.其中毛葡萄霜霉病试验区发病率为9.0％,显著低于对照区的发病率56.0％;穗轴褐腐病试验区发病率为25％,而对照区发病率则为47.3％,两者之间差异达到显著水平;穗轴溃疡病试验区的发病率比对照区降低23％;在供试的6个试验区实现毛葡萄分别增产52.88％、47.29％、47.96％、51.02％、57.46％和33.90％.[结论]本研究提供的毛葡萄病害综合防控措施能够对毛葡萄全生育期病害有效防控,实现毛葡萄高产稳产.

为探讨阶段性避雨及基肥施用时期对毛葡萄两性花新品种野酿2号产量和品质的影响,进行了覆盖薄膜及不同时期基肥施用试验.结果表明;在毛葡萄生育期间采用阶段性避雨栽培对产量增加和品质提升均有明显的效果,产量和可溶性固形物含量分别比对照增加107.4％、5.8％.在采取阶段性避雨栽培模式下,分别在采后、落叶初、萌芽前三个不同时期施用基肥也对毛葡萄产量和品质有较大影响,以阶段性避雨采收后即施用基肥对野酿2号产量的影响最为明显,产量为22 211.1 kg·hm-2,比阶段性避雨萌芽前施基肥增产57.4％;该处理对毛葡萄野酿2号品质的影响最为显著,其可溶性固形物含量为11.6％,比阶段性避雨萌芽前施基肥增加6.4％.阶段性避雨采收后即施用基肥处理是野酿2号较优基肥施用时期,可在生产上推广应用.