Voice disorders are common among teachers and, in particular, anatomy teachers are exposed to a potential enemy for dysphonia, irritating chemicals, that is, formaldehyde. We seek to verify the association between: (1) teaching time, (2) type of cadaveric conservation to which the teacher is exposed and (3) hours of exposure to cadaveric preservative related to the different categories of voice disorders screening (ITDV). The sample consisted of 111 teachers who answered to 02 data collection instruments: I - Sociodemographic Data; II - ITDV. Among participating teachers there were 71 male and 40 female, with an average age of 43 years and 11 months and an average teaching time of 16 years and 5 months. Association tests between teaching time and ITDV demonstrate a significant result in the relationship between voice failure and teaching time (p<0.05). All 111 teachers use their voices in laboratory classes and use cadaveric material. From those, 107 teachers are exposed to formaldehyde as cadaveric parts' conservative solution. There was a significant association (p<0.05) between voice failure and the type of cadaveric conservative solution but non-significant relationship (p>0.05) between ITDV and the time of exposure to formaldehyde preservative. Teachers' ITDV showed vocal signs and symptoms. In particular, voice loss due to time of teaching in anatomy, and voice failure, due to exposure to formaldehyde and combinations used in anatomical parts and cadavers, were significant.

Introdução: O ensino de Anatomia, desde os primórdios, foi fundamentalmente presencial. Isso só foi modificado com o estabelecimento da pandemia de Covid-19, a qual foi responsável, no Brasil, pela suspensão das aulas presenciais. Essa situação de mudança súbita foi acompanhada da necessidade de adaptação dos professores de Anatomia e a presença de diversas emoções e sentimentos. Métodos: Realizou-se um levantamento de dados para avaliação do perfil geral e das estratégias de ensino, sentimentos e percepções pessoais dos docentes de Anatomia durante o período de pandemia. Para tal, foi utilizado um questionário virtual com questões de múltipla escolha e discursivas ofertado a professores de Anatomia do Ensino Superior das redes pública e privada. Resultados: Dos participantes da pesquisa, 88,35% deles acreditam que o ensino remoto apresenta maiores desafios que o presencial. Os sentimentos mais relatados por eles em relação ao ensino remoto de Anatomia foram incerteza, ansiedade, dedicação e sobrecarga. Em relação a continuidade de utilização de recursos remotos para ministrar as aulas de Anatomia após a pandemia, 59 professores foram favoráveis, mas apenas com apoio pedagógico, enquanto outros 32 afirmaram que os utilizam como recurso híbrido quando possível. Em ambos os cenários houve a predominância de professores com sentimentos negativos. Conclusão: O ensino de Anatomia durante a pandemia enfrentou vários desafios, resultando em pontos positivos e negativos para professores e alunos. Contudo, devido à adaptabilidade demonstrada pelos professores, esse cenário favoreceu com que abordagens alternativas mais eficazes fossem desenvolvidas, as quais podem ser utilizadas após a superação da pandemia.

Os termos médicos utilizados na morfologia eram provenientes de um nome próprio, com o intuito de homenagear os que descobriram ou apresentaram a estrutura anatômica, conhecidos como epônimos. Buscando unificar a linguagem anatômica e facilitar o processo de ensino, em 1989 foi criado o Comitê Federativo Internacional de Terminologia Anatômica (FICAT), cujo propósito era revisar os epônimos e atualizar a terminologia anatômica. Com o objetivo de apresentar os fundamentos e conhecimentos sobre a origem das terminologias anatômicas nas mídias sociais, a Liga Acadêmica de Anatomia da Universidade Federal de Alfenas (LAANAT/UNIFAL-MG), por meio do projeto de extensão “Anatomia de A a Z”, divulgou conhecimentos científicos acerca da etimologia anatômica. Foram feitas postagens semanais no Instagram e no Facebook, a partir de publicações elaboradas pelos ligantes, supervisionadas pelos professores coordenadores e desenvolvidas no aplicativo Canva. Cada postagem seguiu sequencialmente as letras do alfabeto (de A a Z) e eram compostas da etimologia de duas estruturas anatômicas. Frente a uma análise de dados, observamos que em 23 publicações, alcançamos 712 curtidas, 194 compartilhamentos, 44publicações salvas, 4739 contas alcançadas e 6608 impressões. A LAANAT promoveu, de forma clara e objetiva, a divulgação de conhecimentos das terminologias anatômicas ao público geral.

A Terapia Cognitiva Baseada em Mindfulness (MBCT, do inglês Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy) é uma técnica baseada na combinação da Terapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e da meditação mindfulness, na busca pela melhoria de sintomas psiquiátricos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a busca por publicações que discutam as implicações neurológicas de pacientes diagnosticados com transtorno depressivo e transtorno de ansiedade e que buscaram nessa técnica a melhoria de sua condição clínica ou qualidade de vida. Nossos resultados preliminares mostraram que os benefícios dessa prática foram colhidos na totalidade dos estudos encontrados, elucidando as áreas cerebrais modificadas e o motivo pelo qual elas foram ativadas. Procuramos abordar ainda a diferença entre essa técnica e o uso de medicamentos e tratamento usual.

Background and aim:The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint that allows the complex movements essential for life. It connects the jawbone to the skull, working as a sliding hinge. Moreover, pluripotent stem cells are a source of precursors and tissue-specific cells in developing organisms, however, their biodistribution in developing fetal tissues is weakly studied. The aim of our study was analyse immunohistochemical expression of Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2 and Stat-3 and Sox-5, in TMJ tissue samples from human fetuses aged between the 12th and 20th weeks of intrauterine life. Materials and methods:We fixed and processed TMJ tissue samples from human fetuses, histological sections and immunohistochemical procedures were carried out. Results:TMJ histological studies examination did not reveal any difference in the tissue organization between the samples in the studied periods. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that Oct-4 and Sox-2 lack their expression in TMJ. In contrast, Nanog was expressed in nucleous of proliferative layer of mandibular condyle, Stat-3 was expressed in nuclear cells of articular disc, Stat-3 and Sox-5 showed positive nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining in codrocyte layers and in ossification areas. Conclusions:Nanog acts in maintanence of pluripotency, Stat-3 in articular disc acts as a transcriptional factor. Stat-3 and Sox-2 act in chondrocyte and osteoblast diferentiation. Distribution of the cells, which express Nanog, Stat-3, and Sox-5 in TMJ tissue during fetal development, can help further understand its physiology, pathology, and repairing capacities.

Os desenvolvimentos industrial e tecnológico culminaram com a flexibilização da carga horária de trabalho, resultando em alterações biológicas no ciclo circadiano dos indivíduos. Este estudo objetiva analisar se hábitos de vida noturnos relacionados a atividades laborais comprometem a saúde dos trabalhadores. A revisão integrativa foi realizada através de buscas no Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), com a utilização das bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, Ibecs, assim como nas plataformas Pubmed, Google Acadêmico e ResearchGate. Foram incluídos artigos originais de primeira classe, disponíveis na íntegra, detalhados, com publicação entre 2004 a 2021. Foi utilizado um instrumento autoral para a extração dos dados no Excel. Seguiu-se o protocolo da estratégia PICOS. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que noites mal dormidas reduzem o desempenho laboral e aumentam os riscos de acidentes no local de trabalho. O sono favorece o ganho de peso, além de afetar negativamente o humor. Nesse sentido, a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores do turno da noite é prejudicada, havendo prevalência no consumo de álcool, uso de tabaco, hábitos alimentares inadequados e sedentarismo entre esses indivíduos. Conclui-se que o sono mostra-se importante para a qualidade de vida em todos os aspectos, sejam eles físicos, sociais, emocionais ou cognitivos.

A Anatomia Humana exige a compreensão de conceitos abstratos e cabe ao docente ser um agente facilitador do aprendizado, pela aplicação de metodologias inovadoras. Este trabalho apresenta uma experiência didático-pedagógica, pautada na construção de um modelo didático para estudo da anatomia dentária, a partir de materiais de baixo custo, fácil aquisição e simples utilização em sala de aula. A proposta fundamentou-se na reprodução de um dente humano, para utilizá-lo como recurso aproximativo, e se obteve um modelo didático com representações anatômicas macroscópicas e microscópicas. Esta experiência por modelização demonstrou ser uma alternativa para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem e, para preencher uma lacuna de material prático existente nos laboratórios de Anatomia. Assim, o docente, como facilitador da aprendizagem, pode trabalhar a realidade por meio da observação e toque, tanto quanto auxiliar o estudante na compreensão da organização espacial e estratificada das estruturas anatômicas que compõem o dente e periodonto.

Introdução: A Anatomia é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de habilidades médicas e demanda muita atenção e dedicação, principalmente a respeito de origem e inserção muscular. Objetivos: Tornar o estudo dinâmico, atrativo e de fácil memorização por meio do desenvolvimento de MAMD. Métodos: O estudo foi desenvolvido nas aulas práticas de Anatomia do 1º período de Medicina da UNIFAL-MG nas etapas: A) Aula e aplicação de teste de conhecimento 1; B) Elaboração de tabela de origem e inserção; C) Confecção e apresentação dos MAMD; D) Aplicação do teste de conhecimento 2 e do questionário de satisfação; E) Análise dos resultados. Resultados: 65 estudantes divididos em 3 turmas participaram do estudo. Os resultados do 2º teste de conhecimento trouxeram um índice de acertos cerca de 3 vezes maior que os achados no 1º. Os estudantes atribuíram significativa aprovação (89,23%) do método utilizado na aula prática e sugeriram que fosse aplicado para outros segmentos musculares. Conclusão: A confecção dos MAMD estimulou o estudo da anatomia e auxiliou a suprir as demandas por peças anatômicas, visto que é cada vez mais raro o recebimento de cadáveres em laboratórios de anatomia.

Facial paralysis can result in severe implications for the patients. However, stem cell biology has become an important field in regenerative medicine since the discovery and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. Our aim was to evaluate the regeneration after facial nerve crush injury and application of human immature dental pulp stem cells (iDPSC). For this study 70 Wistar rats underwent a unilateral facial nerve crush injury and were divided into two groups: Group I (GI): Crushed; Group II (GII): Crushed and iDPSC, and distributed into study periods of 3, 7, 14, 21, and 42 postoperative days. Facial nerve regeneration was analyzed via functional recovery of whisker movement, histomorphometric analysis, and immunoblotting assay. The results show that GII had complete functional recovery at 14 days, while GI recovered after 42 days. Also, regarding the facial nerve trunk, GII presented histological improvement, evidencing better axonal and structural organization of the myelin sheath, and exhibited statistically higher values for the outer and inner perimeters and g-ratio. Nevertheless, GI exhibited statistically higher values for the thickness of myelin sheath. In the buccal branch, no differences were observed for all parameters between groups. At 42 days, both groups GI and GII were close to the levels observed for the control group. Concerning nerve growth factor expression, GII exhibited statistically greater values (p < 0.05) compared with the control group at 7 days. In summary, a single injection of human iDPSC promoted a positive effect on regeneration of the facial nerve trunk after 14 days and provided an alternative to support regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.

OBJECTIVE:Assess morphologically the efficacy of constant dose (CD) or gradual dose (GD) in photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) during the regeneration process of rats' mental nerve after compression lesion.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used and divided into four groups (n = 12): negative control (NC): lesion by compression; positive control (PC): no lesion; GD: lesion by compression and PBMT with GD; and CD: lesion by compression and PBMT with CD. One day after the surgery, the groups GD and CD underwent PBMT daily in three equidistant points around the incision area. The parameters were wavelength of 808 nm, 100 mW, CD received treatment with 120 J/cm2, while GD underwent the protocol of application: 1st and 4th sessions: 80 J/cm2; 5th to 8th sessions: 90 J/cm2; 9th to 12th sessions: 100 J/cm2; 13th to 16th sessions: 110 J/cm2; and 17th to 20th sessions: 120 J/cm2. Euthanasias were performed at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the mental nerves were performed with ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05).RESULTS:It was observed that PBMT was able to accelerate the process of nerve regeneration presenting an increase in the number of myelinated fibers starting at 14 days of treatment for groups CD and GD, and at 21 days they were similar to PC. It was observed a better lamellar organization of myelin sheath at 7 days for GD and at 14 days for CD, similar to PC. Both GD and CD presented significant differences compared to NC and PC for thickness of the myelin sheath, outer perimeter, internal area, and number of myelin fibers.CONCLUSIONS:PBMT presented positive effect on the regeneration of nerve starting at 14 days, and after 21 days there was no difference between GD and CD.

Objectives To evaluate the influence of DICOM and JPEG formats on the reproducibility of identification of cephalometric landmarks on posteroanterior digital radiographs.Methods The sample consisted of digital images of posteroanterior radiographs saved in DICOM format; they were subsequently converted into JPEG format with quality factors of 100, 80, and 60. After sample blinding, 18 cephalometric points were identified on each image by three calibrated orthodontists using a system of x- and y-axis Cartesian coordinates. The intraclass correlation test was applied to analyze the occurrence of systematic errors, and Dahlberg's formula was used to calculate casual errors. The reproducibility between the DICOM and JPEG formats was compared by analysis of variance. All tests were conducted with a significance level of 5 %.Results Each examiner repeated the procedure 30 days after the initial test with 20 % of the images, which were randomly selected, in each file format. We found that the cephalometric landmarks in the posteroanterior digital radiographs presented intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility; the exceptions were points ZL, ZR, AZ, JR, NC, and CN in the y-axis and A6 in the x-axis, which were due to intraclass correlations under 0.90 and casual error over 1.0 mm, irrespective of file format (DICOM or JPEG).Conclusions The DICOM and JPEG file formats and quality factors of 100, 80, and 60 did not affect the intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks.

Adult stem cells research has been considered the most advanced sort of medical-scientific research, particularly stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which represent an immature stem cell population. The purpose of this review is to describe the current knowledge concerning SHED from full-text scientific publications from 2003 to 2015, available in English language and based on the keyword and/or abbreviations ‘stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)', and individually presented as to the properties of SHED, immunomodulatory properties of SHED and stem cell banking. In summary, these cell populations are easily accessible by noninvasive procedures and can be isolated, cultured and expanded in vitro, successfully differentiated in vitro and in vivo into odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and neural cells, and present low immune reactions or rejection following SHED transplantation. Furthermore, SHED are able to remain undifferentiated and stable after long-term cryopreservation. In conclusion, the high proliferative capacity, easy access, multilineage differentiation capacity, noninvasiveness and few ethical concerns make stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth the most valuable source of stem cells for tissue engineering and cell-based regenerative medicine therapies.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the regeneration of mental nerve after injury by compression and treatment with mesenchymal cells obtained from dental pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Dental pulp from human exfoliated deciduous teeth were obtained from children aged 5–7 years old. Thirty‐six male Wistar rats, divided into 3 study groups (n=12): Positive Control (PC) – no lesion, Negative Control (NC) ‐ lesion by compression; and Experimental (SHED) ‐ lesion by compression and treatment with SHED. After the compression of the nerves, groups NC and SHED received application of media culture and media culture associated with SHED, respectively. Euthanasia was performed at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days for immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The immunohistochemical reaction was performed for nerve growth factor (NGF) detection. Ultra‐thin sections with 0.3μm were contrasted and observed under transmission electron microscope with 40,000× and 100,000× magnifications. NGF expression was present in all groups and time span studies, but less expressed in group NC while the staining was stronger in group SHED at 21 days. The ultrastructural analysis showed after 14 days of treatment the group SHED showed similar morphological aspects when compared with the PC group. It can be concluded that the use of mesenchymal cells obtained from dental pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth for the regeneration of rats mental nerve is efficient in a single dose of application after two weeks of treatment.Support or Funding InformationCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

OBJECTIVESThe aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from individuals following radiography.METHODSLateral and frontal cephalometric X-ray and panoramic dental X-rays were taken of a total of 18 healthy patients (6 male and 12 female) referred for orthodontic therapy. Exfoliated oral mucosa cells were collected immediately before X-ray exposure and after 10 days.RESULTSThe results revealed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the frequency micronucleated oral mucosa cells after X-ray exposure. However, X-ray was able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis.CONCLUSIONSData indicated that exposure to certain radiography may not be a factor in inducing chromosomal damage, but it does promote cytotoxicity.

Ameloblastoma is a benign locally aggressive infiltrative odontogenic lesion. It is characterized by slow growth and painless swelling. The treatment for ameloblastoma varies from curettage to en bloc resection, and the reported recurrence rates after treatment are high; the safety margin of resection is important to avoid recurrence. Advances in technology brought about great benefits in dentistry; a new generation of computed tomography scanners and 3-dimensional images enhance the surgical planning and management of maxillofacial tumors. The development of new prototyping systems provides accurate 3D biomodels on which surgery can be simulated, especially in cases of ameloblastoma, in which the safety margin is important for treatment success. A case of mandibular follicular ameloblastoma is reported where a 3D biomodel was used before and during surgery.