Floristical records of two lichen-forming fungi and four flowering plants are presented from Hungary. The rare lichen-species Gyalecta fagicola now is known from 7 localities in Hungary with 5 new records. Polyblastia philaea a terricolous lichen species is new to Hungary. The first confirmed record (Szentendre) of the annual weed Adonis annua, a new occurrence (Bodrog bank, Sárospatak) of Cyperus michelianus in the upper Tisza region, and a new locality of the alien weed Rapistrum rugosum from Szentendre (Bizottság-liget) are reported. The naturalised weed Polycarpon tetraphyllum has a stable, spreading population in Budapest with several thousands of individuals.

The present part of the series provides miscellaneous new records of six lichen-forming, two lichenicolous and six flowering plant species from Hungary, Romania and Serbia. New Hungarian chorological records for the flowering plants are: Juncus sphaerocarpus new for the Putnok Hills and Sorbus semiincisa for Mezőföld. The second recent occurrence of Crepis mollis subsp. succisifolia very rare in Hungary is presented here from the Bakonyalja region. Sporobolus cryptandrus agressively spreading in the Hungarian sandy areas was found in the Nyírség area. The old records of Lappula heteracantha in the Mezőföld (Balatonkenese) and those of Sherardia arvensis in the Zemplén Mts are confirmed. Regarding the lichen-forming fungi Bacidia fraxinea and Toniniopsis subincompta are new to the Vértes Mts (Hungary), Bacidia rubella is new to Mt Pilis (Hungary), Flavoparmelia soredians is new to the Hajdúság area (Hungary), and Oxneria huculica is new to Romania and Serbia. Second or further additional records are reported for Bacidia rubella (Vértes Mts), and for Parmotrema perlatum (Nyírség area). Several new Hungarian records of the lichenicolous fungi Scutula tuberculosa and Stigmidium solorinarium for the Bakony, Buda, Bükk and Vértes Mts are also listed here.

György Szollát, a Hungarian biologist and botanist, was working in the vascular plant collections of the Department of Botany in the Hungarian Natural History Museum from 1978 to 2007. His main fields were exploring and monitoring the flora and vegetation of the national parks and protected areas in the surroundings of Budapest, in the Gerecse Mts, in Nógrád and Somogy counties, in the Dráva Lowland, in Mt Szársomlyó, and in the Aggtelek National Park. He also participated in several expeditions to unique destinations such as the trips to North Korea within an exchange program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His publications and educational activities were outstanding concerning the more than 50 papers and articles, numerous exhibition scripts, presentations and the translations of many natural history books and documentaries. His photographs of flowers were published in different journals and magazines. Between 2007 and 2018, he was an academic teacher at the faculty of nature conservation engineering at the Kaposvár University.

Lectotypes are designated for D. plumarius, D. lumnitzeri, D. lumnitzeri subsp. pseudopraecox, D. praecox, D. serotinus (superseding a previous lectotypification) and D. serotinus subsp. kitaibelianus. Epitypes are designated for D. plumarius, D. hungaricus and D. praecox, and a neotype is designated for D. serotinus var. regis-stephani. The application of the name D. lumnitzeri in the sense of D. plumarius subsp. plumarius and the application of the name D. hungaricus as a collective species are adopted here. It is also concluded, that D. serotinus subsp. kitaibelianus and D. serotinus var. regis-stephani were described from the same population. According to the results of the present typifications, 4(-5) taxa of the D. plumarius group can be distinguished in the Carpathian Basin and the Western Carpathians.

The present part of the series provides new records of 11 taxa, among them five lichen-forming fungi and six bryophytes. One lichen-forming fungus was discovered as new species in Hungary (Parmeliella triptophylla), however it was collected 115 years ago, this species should be considered as an extinct species in Hungary. One bryohyte is newly reported from Hungary (Brachytheciastrum olympicum). The occurrence of one lichen-forming fungus (Parmelia submontana) and two bryophyte species (Palustriella falcata, Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum var. bimum) was confirmed in Hungary. Amendments to the known distribution of lichen-forming fungi species are reported from Hungary (Cladonia mitis) and Romania (Multiclavula mucida, Xanthoparmelia protomatrae) and three bryophytes from Hungary are also reported (Callicladium haldanianum, Codonoblepharon forsteri, Ephemerum cohaerens).

The present part of the series provides new records of 14 taxa of which 8 are native and 6 introduced in Europe. Three vascular plants are newly reported from Kosovo (Corrigiola litoralis, Dysphania pumilio, Equisetum pratense) and one (Chamaecytisus purpureus) from Northern Macedonia. The occurrence of one species (Corydalis pumila) is confirmed in Northern Macedonia. Amendments to the known distribution of vascular plants are reported from Albania (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Gratiola officinalis, Onosma heterophylla, Paspalum dilatatum), Hungary (Euphorbia lathyris), Lithuania (Ophioglossum vulgatum), and Slovakia (Duchesnea indica, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Pilosella cymosa).

A magyar méreggyilok (Vincetoxicum pannonicum (Borhidi) Holub) pannon endemiz­mus, ismereteink szerint csupán országhatárainkon belül, a Budai-hegység néhány pontján, valamint a Villányi-hegységben a Szársomlyón fordul elő. Szükségesnek láttuk, hogy tisztázzuk a magyar méreg­gyilok ismert populációinak elhelyezkedését és állományainak nagyságát, ugyanis több téves dűlőnév is megjelent a szakirodalomban, az egyetlen populációnagysággal is foglalkozó publikáció pedig téves adatokat közöl. Ismert állományai a Budai-hegységben: Községi erdő (Budajenő); Szekrényes-hegy, Kő-hegy, Odvas-hegy, Szállás-hegy, Út-hegy (Budaörs); Fekete-hegyek (Páty); illetve a Villányi-hegységben a Szársomlyó (Nagyharsány). A teljes országos állomány az állo­mányfelmérési tapasztalatok alapján 3550 tő körül van, a legnagyobb egyedszámú szubpopulációk a budajenői Községi erdő, a Szállás-hegy és a Fekete-hegyek területén találhatók. A magyar méreggyilok állománya a Budai-hegységben sta­bil­nak mondható, a szársomlyói állomány sokkal sérülékenyebb: három kisebb foltban tenyészik és nagy­já­ból 50 tőből áll. A felmérési időpontok alapján a virágzás csúcsa május 20. és 29. közé tehető.

Edit Farkas and László Lőkös are internationally well known and respected Hungarian lichenologists. They did their best to maintain and to develop several aspects of the Hungarian lichenology, including biodiversity research on lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, taxonomic revisions based on morphological, chemical and molecular methods, ecological, ecophysiological and conservation biological research, as well as investigations on history of science and bibliographical compilations. Hungarian lichen herbaria were enriched considerably by their various Hungarian collections as well as collections from tropical, temperate Asian and Balkan areas. We shortly overview their scientific career and results publishing in more than 100 scientific papers, and similar amount of scientific and popular presentations. As key persons in traditional Hungarian lichenology, their keen and precise way of research might serve as a good example to their students and colleagues.

A kiegyezés után a Nemzeti Múzeum keretein belül létrejött

In this paper, eleven alien plant species are presented, two of them are reported for the fi rst time in the Republic of Moldova (Euphorbia maculata, Gaillardia pulchella), one of them has so far been reported only from a botanical garden (Oenothera glazioviana), and eight species were previously known from a few localities in Moldova (Amaranthus powelii, Centaurea diff usa, Grindelia squarrosa, Gypsophila perfoliata, Ruta graveolens, Silphium perfoliatum, Sorghum halepense and Tragus racemosus).We a lso present an indigenous species which behaves as invasive (Rumex thyrsifl orus).We c ollected plants primarily on roadsides, along railway lines and in settlements, less oft en in natural habitats.Our goal is to report scattered data here.

Jávorka Sándornak a Magyar Természettudományi Múzeumban őrzött hagyatékából került elő egy 12 oldalas gépelt kézirat, amelynek címe „Határozókulcs a magyar flóra területén működő ama botanikusok felismerésére, akik az Album Kleinianumban ábrázoltattak. Budapest 1912. szeptember hó 25.-én”. A munka ötven botanikus frappáns leírását tartalmazza határozókulcsba szerkesztve. Szöve­ge humoros, a személyek legjellemzőbb tulajdonságait gyakran élcelődő, ironikus hangnemben mutatja be. Szerzője Szabó Zoltán, korának elismert botanikusa volt. A kézirat a Királyi Magyar Természet­tudományi Társulat Növénytani Szakosztályának 178. ülésén tartott ünnepségre készült, amelynek egyetlen napirendi pontja Klein Gyula üdvözlése volt, tanári működésének 40-edik, szakosztályi tagsá­gának pedig 20-adik évfordulója alkalmából. Az ünnepségen szinte minden jelentős hazai botanikus részt vett, A cikk végén közöljük Szabó Zoltán Határozójának szövegét, magyarázó jegyzetekkel és fo­tók­kal kiegészítve.

This work includes all names of higher plants reported or collected in the present territory of Albania. The records are critically evaluated; the origin of them was tracked down and possible vouchers were searched for, revised and evaluated. Altogether, 6,419 basionyms were identified with 5,480 recently accepted taxa and their nativity status were examined.

Carex markgrafii is a species described from Albania and known only from a single locality (Shen Ndue) in the central part of the country. The type specimen was destroyed during the World War II, and to date there was very little additional information about this taxon. During the fieldwork on the type locality, a small population of this species was found. We performed a morphological and DNA-based phylogenetic study to figure out the relationships of this species. Carex markgrafii was found to be nested among the European members of section Mitratae. The collected specimens were morphologically distinct from all the other species of the section on the continent. We designate the original illustration in protologue as the lectotype for C. markgrafii, and our new collection as epytype. A detailed description of the species and an identification key is provided.

15 eve kezdtunk ismerkedni Europa es a Balkan-felsziget eme sok szempontbol kulonleges szegletenek florajaval majd hamarosan modszeres kutatasokba kezdtunk az orszagban. A cikkben bemutatjuk albaniai kutatasaink tortenetet, előzmenyeit, ismertetjuk az elert eredmenyeket es a varhato folytatast. Bemutatjuk az időszak soran kialakult szakmai kapcsolatokat szemelyes tapasztalatokkal fűszerezve es kiemelt hangsulyt fektetunk arra, mikent volt megvalosithato az Europa kulonboző intezmenyeiben szetszortan talalhato alban herbariumi anyag kutatasa.

Összefoglalás: A dualizmus időszakában a magyar állam ugrásszerű gazdasági, társadalmi átalakuláson ment keresztül, ami hatással volt a növénytan oktatására is.Két olyan egyetemet alapítottak a kiegyezés után, ahol önálló növénytani tanszék működött, így összesen három egyetemen oktattak növénytant.A korszak ötven évében összesen 9 rendes egyetemi tanár dolgozott a tanszékeken, az ő munkájukat tanársegédek segítették.A korszak második felében egyre több magántanár tanított az egyetemeken, akik általában egy-egy szakterület specialistái voltak, ami segítette a botanika tudományának hazai diff erenciálódását

Veronica subgen. Pseudolysimachium is a group of 30 species ranging across northern Eurasia in various open habitats from dry steppe to swamps. It includes several horticulturally important species that have been crossed in the past. As such, it exemplifies a group with long taxonomic tradition, exemplified by more than 600 valid names, which also indicates its variability. In the process of identifying the evolutionary important units, molecular markers have started to help immensely. However, assigning names to identified significant groups of populations has been hindered by problems in typification. Here, we try to alleviate the problem for the taxa in southeastern Europe, which have been analyzed rigorously using AFLP fingerprints in the past, by lectotypifying 11 names and neotypifying four names, mostly based on specimens found in the Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest (BP). This allowed revising Veronica barrelieri with its three subspecies and synonyms.

Gymnospermium is a genus of early spring-flowering tuberous herbaceous plants including c. 12 species distributed from south-eastern Europe to East Asia. For the European and Caucasian populations, different taxonomic concepts have been proposed, ranging from two to five species. We used AFLP and nuclear and plastid DNA sequences ( internal transcribed spacer and ndhF-trnL) to disentangle relationships among and spatio-temporal diversification of the European populations. Further, we were interested in their relations to the Asian G. altaicum, in which they were often included. Gymnospermium originated in the mid Miocene 16.4 Mya, when it split from Leontice in East Asia. The onset of diversification in Gymnospermium was dated to the late Miocene 11.4 Mya when East Asian species diverged from the European to Central Asian G. altaicum group. The latter started to diversify in the Pontic area in the Pliocene 4.3 Mya, coinciding with topographic and climatic changes in the Mediterranean Basin and eastern Paratethys. Both sequence and AFLP datasets inferred similar relationships, revealing two main evolutionary lineages in the G. altaicum group. Both lineages show east-west disjunctions, suggesting two separate, parallel migrations to the Balkan Peninsula. One of them gave rise to the Greek endemic G. peloponnesiacum and Pontic G. odessanum; their closest relative is G. altaicum from northern Central Asia. The second lineage includes Caucasian G. smirnovii, which is sister to Balkan G. maloi and G. scipetarum. The last two species are genetically not distinct, in line with an earlier morphological study; we thus consider G. maloi to be conspecific with G. scipetarum. Despite deep phylogenetic differentiation and biogeographical distinctness, there is little evidence for morphological divergence among the species.