The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a validated tool for the evaluation of visceral adiposity, using waist circumference, serum triglycerides, age and gender to diagnose this metabolic abnormality. We aimed at investigating the power of the VAI to predict diabetes incidence in men and in women. We prospectively recorded diabetes incidence in a large consecutive cohort of 1282 patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of established or suspected coronary artery disease who did not have diabetes at baseline. The VAI was calculated according to the Amato formula; diabetes was diagnosed according to ADA criteria. At baseline, the VAI score did not differ significantly between men (n=845) and women (230±199 vs. 238±239; p=0.247). Prospectively, 133 patients newly developed diabetes during a follow-up period of 3.7±0.9 years; diabetes incidence did not differ significantly between men and women (13.3 vs. 9.8%; p=0.093. The VAI significantly predicted incident diabetes in men but not in women both univariately (standardized odds ratios (ORs) of 1.71 [1.40-2.10]; p<0.001 and 1.09 [0.81-1.49]; p=0.565, respectively) and after multivariate adjustment (standardized adjusted ORs 1.56 [1.24-1.97]; p<0.001 and 1.[0.75-1.46]; p=0.790, respectively). An interaction term VAI x gender was statistically significant (p=0.017), indicating that the VAI was a significantly stronger predictor of diabetes incidence among men than women. We conclude that the VAI is a significantly stronger predictor of diabetes incidence in men than in women. Disclosure C.H. Saely: None. A. Vonbank: None. C. Heinzle: None. D. Zanolin: None. B. Larcher: None. A. Mader: None. A. Leiherer: None. A. Muendlein: None. H. Drexel: None.

The impact of smoking on mortality risk in angiographied coronary patients is unclear and is addressed in the present study. We enrolled 1804 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of established or suspected stable coronary disease (CAD). Patients who had smoked within 30 days prior to angiography were considered current smokers. Prospectively, mortality was recorded over a mean follow-up time of 7.6±2.8 years. At baseline, both in patients with T2DM (n=522; 28.9% of the study cohort) and in nondiabetic subjects the prevalence of a past (44.1 and 39.5%; p=0.035) and, albeit less so, of current smoking (18.0 and 17.7%; p = 0.247) was high. Prospectively, current smoking independently predicted cardiovascular events after multivariate adjustment including baseline CAD in patients with diabetes (HR 1.78 [1.16-2.74]; p=0.009) as well as in nondiabetic patients (HR 1.68 [1.12-2.52]; p=0.013), whereas past smoking neither in patients with T2DM nor in nondiabetic subjects was associated with cardiovascular events (HRs 0.77 [0.54-1.10]; p=0.152 and HR 1.16 [0.87-1.53]; p=0.313, respectively). An interaction term diabetes x current smoking was not significant (p=0.564), indicating that current smoking was equally predictive of mortality in patients with T2DM and in nondiabetic subjects. We conclude that current but not past smoking strongly increases mortality risk angiographied coronary patients with T2DM independently from the baseline CAD state. Disclosure C.H. Saely: None. A. Vonbank: None. C. Heinzle: None. D. Zanolin: None. B. Larcher: None. A. Mader: None. A. Leiherer: None. A. Muendlein: None. H. Drexel: None.

A low socioeconomic status has been associated with increased mortality. Whether low income predicts mortality risk independently from the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and preexisting coronary artery disease (CAD) is not known and is addressed in the present study. We assessed the annual net income through a standardized questionnaire in a consecutive series of 438 patients referred to coronary angiography for the evaluation of established or suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Prospectively, we recorded mortality over a mean follow-up period of 10.0±2.3 years. Annual net income was <€20.000 in 58.0%, €20.000-35.000 in 33.1% and >€35.000 in 8.9% of our patients. It was significantly lower in women (<€20.000 in 70.4%, €20.000-35.000 in 25.6%, >€35.000 in 4.0%) than in men (<€20.000 in 53.0%, €20.000-35.000 in 36.1%, >€35.000 in 10.9%; p<0.001) but did not differ significantly between patients with T2DM (n=116) and nondiabetic subjects (p=0.147) nor between patients with CAD (n=353) and those who did not have CAD at angiography (p=0.391). During follow-up, mortality significantly increased with decreasing income: it was 7.7%, 17.9%, and 25.6% in patients with net incomes of >€35.000, €20.000-35.000 and <€20.000, respectively; p=0.009). Annual net income significantly predicted the incidence of cardiovascular events both univariately (HR 0.59 [0.41-0.85]; p=0.004) and after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, hypertension, BMI, waist circumference, T2DM and angiographically determined baseline CAD (HR 0.61 [0.40-0.96]; p=0.033). We conclude that a low net income predicts cardiovascular event risk independently from the presence of T2DM and preexisting CAD. Disclosure C.H. Saely: None. A. Vonbank: None. C. Heinzle: None. D. Zanolin: None. B. Larcher: None. A. Mader: None. A. Leiherer: None. A. Muendlein: None. H. Drexel: None.

Concordance between glucose-based and HbA1c-based diagnoses of diabetes differ between populations. Here, we aimed at investigating their concordance in younger and in older patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We measured fasting glucose as well as HbA1c and performed 75g oral glucose tolerance tests in 188 consecutive patients, 113 older and 75 younger than 65 years, who had sonographically proven PAD but not previously diagnosed diabetes. Based on glucose values, diabetes was diagnosed with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dl or post-challenge glucose ≥200 mg/dl 2 hours after the oral glucose load; based on HbA1c values diabetes was diagnosed with HbA1c ≥6.5%. Among PAD patients <65 years, 5 had diabetes based on glucose criteria, of whom 3 also had diabetes according to the HbA1c criterion, and 70 did not have diabetes according to glucose criteria, of whom 67 also did not have diabetes using HbA1c criteria; among those ≥65 years, 19 had diabetes based on glucose criteria, of whom 10 also had diabetes according to the HbA1c criterion and 94 did not have diabetes based on glucose criteria, of whom 93 also did not have diabetes according to HbA1c criteria. Concordance of glucose and HbA1c criteria was similar in younger and older PAD patients (93.3% and 91.2%; p=0.589). Applying glucose criteria as a standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the HbA1c criterion for PAD patients <65 years were 60.0%, 95.7%, 50.0%, and 97.1%, and for those ≥65 years 52.6%, 98.9%, 90.9%, and 91.2%. We conclude that the concordance of glucose and HbA1c criteria among patients with PAD is high and is similar in older and younger subjects. However, for both age groups the sensitivity of the HbA1c criterion is poor in this patient population. Disclosure C.H. Saely: None. A. Vonbank: None. C. Heinzle: None. D. Zanolin: None. B. Larcher: None. A. Mader: None. A. Leiherer: None. A. Muendlein: None. H. Drexel: None.

Here, we provide additional data addressing the individual and combined associations of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and of peripheral artery disease (PAD) with future cardiovascular events in a prospective cohort study including 338 PAD patients and 711 patients who did not have PAD. Subgroup analyses regarding patient age as well as additional Cox regression models taking into account medications are presented. This data article is related to a research article titled "Single and combined effects of peripheral artery disease and of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the risk of cardiovascular events: a prospective cohort study" (Saely et al., 2018).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and an increased risk of cardiovascular events. A potential association of NAFLD with the decline of kidney function over time has not been investigated yet and is addressed in the present study

Introduction: A low socioeconomic status has been associated with increased mortality. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that low income predicts mortality risk independently from the presence o...

Aim: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is the major transporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney and mutations in the SGLT2 encoding gene SLC5A2 cause renal glucosuria. However, the association between genetic variation in SLC5A2 and T2DM is still unclear and is addressed in the present study.

Introduction: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease. When combined with other risk factors (such as unhealthy blood cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and overweight or obesity) sm...

Aim: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that usually function as intracellular repressors of target genes involved in many pathophysiologic processes. MiRNAs can also be detected in circulating cell-free body fluids. Circulating miRNAs have been proposed as new attractive biomarkers in many diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). T2DM is closely linked to the development of CKD. It's unclear if putative associations between miRNAs and CKD differ in patients with or without T2DM.

Visceral adiposity is a paramount risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Whether it equally increases diabetes risk in men and in women is not known and is addressed in the present study. We prospectively recorded diabetes incidence in a large high-risk cohort of 1142 nondiabetic

Introduction: Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) is a prognostic biomarker in various patient populations. Hypothesis: We aimed at testing the hypothesis that proBNP is a marker to predict cardiovascular events in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: We therefore measured serum proBNP in 752 patients who underwent coronary angiography for the evaluation of suspected or established coronary artery disease (CAD). Significant CAD was diagnosed in the presence of coronary stenoses with lumen narrowing ≥50%. Presence of the MetS was defined according to the current harmonized consensus definition. Prospectively, we recorded vascular events over 5.1±2.4 years. Results: ProBNP was significantly higher in patients with (n=591) than in subjects without significant CAD at baseline (715±1361 vs. 652±1842 pg/ml; p=0.003). Prospectively, we recorded 185 cardiovascular events. The incidence of vascular events significantly increased over tertiles of proBNP in patients with the MetS (15.8%, 24.2%, and 60.0% respectively; p=0.033) as well as in subjects without the MetS (13.3%, 22.2%, and 64.4%, respectively; p=0.004). Concordantly, serum proBNP significantly predicted the incidence of cardiovascular events after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and the eGFR both in patients with the MetS (standardized adjusted HR 1.34 [1.14-1.58]; p Conclusions: We conclude that serum proBNP predicts cardiovascular events independently of established cardiovascular risk factors and of the baseline CAD state both in patients with and in subjects without the MetS.

Ziel dieser Studie ist die Untersuchung der Betreuungsbedürftigkeit von Krebskranken in psychoonkologischer und psychosozialer Hinsicht als dringendes Anliegen, die psychosoziale Versorgung im stationären Alltag zu verbessern.

The aim of this survey was to identify psycho-oncological and psycho-social need in the routine patient care of oncological patients.Material and Methods: A total of 200 oncological patients underwent the paper-based Hornheider questionnaire, a validated instrument to identify the need of psycho-oncological and psycho-social care at first contact.Hornheider sum-scores ≥4 were considered to indicate psycho-oncological and psycho-social need.Results: Overall, 149 (75%; 68 women and 81 men, 74 ≥ 65 and 75 < 65 years) questionnaires were correctly filled out and returned.Hornheider sum-scores were ≥4 in 47 patients, i.e. in 31,7%.Psycho-oncological and psycho-social need did not differ significantly between women and men (57,5% vs. 42,5%; p=0,732) but was significantly higher in patients <65 years than in those ≥65 years (66% vs. 34%; p=0,002).Discussion: The results of this pilot project show that a high proportion of oncological patients are in need of psycho-oncological and psycho-social support; this in particular holds true for younger patients.

The A-Body-Shape-Index (ABSI) is calculated based on waist circumference, height and BMI and provides a measure of visceral adiposity. In the general population, this index has been associated with premature mortality. Its power to predict cardiovascular events in high-risk patients is not known and

Aim: Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, in particular with hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and obesity. We investigated the association between TSH and cardiovascular mortality in non-obese patients with our without type 2 diabetes (T2DM).