为探讨不同盐度梯度下非洲斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)的盐度耐受性,本研究测定了盐度胁迫下对虾生长、渗透、抗氧化及消化指标的变化.实验设置4个盐度梯度(20,30,40,50),以30盐度组作为对照,进行为期35 d的喂养实验.实验结束时计算增重率(Weight Gain Rate,WGR)、特定生长率(Specific Growth Rate,SGR)和成活率(Survival Rate,SR),测定对虾鳃丝总ATPase、Na+-K+-ATPase活性,血清总抗氧化能力T-AOC、抗氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px活性及丙二醛MDA含量,以及肝胰腺胃蛋白酶Pepsin、脂肪酶Lipase、淀粉酶Amyase活性.结果显示,盐度胁迫对非洲斑节对虾的生长有抑制作用,存活率随盐度升高而降低;与对照组比较,WGR和SGR在50盐度组最低,呈现显著差异(P＜0.05).盐度胁迫发生时,对虾总ATPase活性升高,随着时间延长,表现出适应状态,实验第35天,各盐度组无显著差异(P＞0.05);而Na+-K+-ATPase活性在40,50盐度组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).实验期间SOD变化程度较小,与对照组比较差异不显著(P＞0.05);CAT、T-AOC、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量差异显著(P＜0.05),盐度胁迫刺激了非洲斑节对虾抗氧化应激能力.高盐度降低非洲斑节对虾Pepsin、Lipase活性,40,50盐度组尤为显著(P＜0.05);实验第3天,20盐度组显著提升了对虾Amyase活性(P＜0.05),降低了 Pepsin、Lipase活性(P＜0.05).研究表明,盐度胁迫不利于非洲斑节对虾的生长,但可激活对虾抗氧化能力,使其酶活力得以调节来适应环境的改变,并不同程度地降低对虾的消化能力,从而抑制生长.

The gut microbiota composition of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicas) was investigated using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The mRNA expression of complement component 3 and lysozyme genes was evaluated using quantitative fluorescence PCR. Sea cucumbers were fed with a basal diet (control group) and an experimental diet supplemented with Codonopsis pilosula (experimental group) for 30 days. The results showed that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota was changed in different indices, including Chao1, the abundance-based coverage estimator, the Shannon index, and Good's coverage. Dietary C. pilosula promoted the proliferation of the Flavobacteriaceae family of the Proteobacteria phylum and reduced the relative abundance of the Verrucomicrobiaceae family of the Verrucomicrobia phylum. We concluded that dietary C. pilosula supplementation could alter the network interactions among different microbial functional groups by changing the ecological network's microbial community composition and biological evolution. A positive effect on A. japonicus immune responses in the gut was seen via increasing the mRNA expression of the complement component 3 and lysozyme genes. It seems to happen via modulating the balance in gut microbiota.

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on growth, intestine digestive, antioxidant and metabolic capacity, intestine short-chain fatty acids content, and intestine microbiota composition of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In total 2700 shrimp (initial weight 2.5 ± 0.1 g/shrimp) were randomly distributed into six tanks (450 shrimp/500-L tank) and fed at 28 ± 0.5 ℃ for 35 days (four times/day) with control diet and experimental diet supplemented with 108 CFU/g B. licheniformis, followed by an acute nitrite stress for 10 days. At the end of the feeding trial, shrimp dietary B. licheniformis showed improved weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate after nitrite stress, and decreased feed conversion rate compared to control group. And acetic acid and butyric acid content in the intestine of shrimp dietary B. licheniformis increased significantly except for propionic acid content. In addition, activities of amylase, lipase, and trypsin and activities of glutamine synthetase, hexokinase, and malate dehydrogenase increased significantly compared to control group. After shrimp were exposed to nitrite stress for 10 days, glutathione peroxidase, peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase levels were still higher in dietary B. licheniformis-shrimp, which showed that B. licheniformis enhanced the resistance to environmental stressor such as nitrite from the level of immune. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that B. licheniformis increased diversity and abundance of some bacteria. In particular, the abundance of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes decreased, and the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased. These results revealed that B. licheniformis could improve the growth performance, increased intestine short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) content, change intestine digestive and metabolic enzyme activity, and regulated microbiota composition, so enhance the intestine antioxidant ability of shrimp subjected to nitrite stress, which is beneficial for shrimp aquaculture.

以韩国釜山、中国荣成、即墨、长岛4个地理群体魁蚶为研究对象,测量了壳长、壳高、壳宽、楯面长、楯面宽、前端到腹缘、后端到腹缘、小月面长、韧带长、放射肋宽和体质量等11个形态性状,运用多变量形态度量学方法,对4个群体间的形态差异进行了主成分、聚类和判别比较分析.研究结果显示,构建的3个主成分第1主成分、第2主成分和第3主成分,贡献率分别为27.989％ 、20.742％ 和13.612％,累积贡献率为62.342％;聚类分析结果表明,4个魁蚶群体聚为两支,韩国釜山群体与3个中国群体的趋异程度最大;建立了4个群体的判别函数,并进行了判别分析,判别准确率分别为90.0％ 、96.7％ 、86.9％ 和87.7％.中国荣成、即墨、长岛魁蚶群体间的形态变异差异较小,与韩国釜山群体的形态变异差异较大.本研究结果可为魁蚶种质资源的合理开发和保护及种质创制利用提供科学参考.

The toxic effect of different copper salts on juvenile sea cucumbers was studied by acute toxicity test. LC50 and safety con-centration of two copper ions( CuSO4 and CuCl2 )were determined by statistical analysis of dead numbers of juvenile sea cucumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus)after treatments of 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h,respectively. The toxic effect of different copper salts on foregut of juvenile sea cucumbers were observed on paraffin section with microscope. The results show that LC50 s of CuSO4 on juvenile sea cucumbers after treatment of 24 h,48 h and 72 h were higher than that of CuCl2 ,while LC50 of CuCl2 was higher than that of Cu-SO4 after 96 h treatment. The difference of toxic effect of juvenile sea cucumbers exposed to the two copper ions within 48 h was very significant,but was not significant as the exposure time. Corrosive actions were observed in digestive tracts of juveniles treated with two kinds of salts( with concentration of 0. 06 mg·L-1 as copper ion),which resulted in connective tissue layer separating from the ep-ithelial layer. The toxicity( corrosive action)of CuCl2 on digestive tracts of sea cucumbers was greater than that of CuSO4 . Different anions of copper salts had antagonistic effect to copper toxicity.

为研究在饲料中添加不同剂量的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对大菱鲆生长及养殖水环境的影响,选用从健康大菱鲆鱼体肠道分离培养的同源枯草芽孢杆菌制成的饲料添加剂(活菌数2.0×109 CFU/g),分别按照0‰(对照组)、5‰、10‰和15‰添加量对大菱鲆进行促生长及养殖水环境影响的研究.结果显示:与对照组相比,5‰组持续投喂20 d、40 d、60 d饲料系数分别降低10.3％、5.9％和升高5.8％;蛋白质效率分别提高12.1％、4.4％和降低4.4％;增重率分别提高4.4％和降低14.6％、10.7％;10‰组、15‰组饲料系数均大于对照组;蛋白质效率、增重率均低于对照组(P＜0.05).第60天时,5‰组NH4+-N、NO2+-N、NO3-N浓度值比对照组分别降低43.5％、62.5％、40.8％;10‰组比对照组分别降低42.5％、68.5％、46.4％;15‰组比对照组分别降低45.9％、66.1％、51.1％(P＜0.05).研究表明,5‰组对大菱鲆促生长效果优于其他试验组,5‰、10‰、15‰组能够显著降低养殖水体中的NH4+-N、NO2+-N、NO3-N浓度.

<正>休闲渔业是把旅游业、旅游观光、水族观赏等休闲活动与现代渔业方式有机结合起来的新型渔业[1]。自20世纪60年代以来,休闲渔业最先在拉丁美洲的加勒比海地区发展起来,并逐渐向欧美、亚太等一些经济较为发达的沿海国家和地区扩展并迅速崛起[2]。经济发达国家将其作为一种主体产业进行发展和大力扶持,进而形成这些国家现代渔业的支柱产业。

To investigate the critical temperature and physiological traits changes during dormancy period,Apostichopus japonicus were cultured in the seeding workshop or pond outdoor.The seeding workshop of temperature control was for rearing two sizes larva of 0.5 g and 0.5-1.0 g,and pond outdoor for four sizes of 2-3 g,5-10 g,30-50 g and 100-200 g.During culturing,temperature and ingestion of larva were observed.The result showed that the larva of 10 g was never going into aestivating.For those of 30 g,when water temperature was above 22 ℃,aestivation occurred,and water temperature bellow 1 ℃ in winter,A.japonicus stopped ingesting and felled into hibernation.

扇贝属软体动物门(Mollusca)、双壳纲(Lamellibranchia)、翼形亚纲(Pterimorphia)、珍珠贝目(Pterioida)、扇贝科(Pectinidea),是珍贵的海珍品,其闭壳肌亦称"贝柱",肉色洁白,肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,营养丰富.闭壳肌干制后的"干贝柱"被誉为八珍之一.据中国渔业报统计,扇贝是中国重要的优势高值养殖贝类之一,年养殖产量占世界扇贝类年养殖产量的80%以上.

Dominant industry areas of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka aquaculture had been constructed in Shandong Province,which is one of the main sea cucumber producing areas in China. Yantai,Weihai and Qingdao constituted the major culture regions in Shandong Province,and they are the leaders in the development of sea cucumber aquaculture industry. Dongying and Binzhou areas are emerging industry belt for introduction and development of sea cucumber aquaculture,which indicated that it is feasible to culture sea cucumber in western area of Shandong Province. Rizhao and Laizhou areas are a new industry belt of sea cucumber culture representing deep water-well greenhouse factory culture model,which is the new spotlight in sea cucumber aquaculture industry since 2007. In this paper,the problems and challenges in sea cucumber aquaculture industry are summarized and the corresponding strategies are proposed. It will be helpful for the healthy and sustainable development of sea cucumber aquaculture industry in Shandong Province,and in other areas of China,and it may provide theoretical and technical basis for decision-making of relevant authorities.