We attempt to find out the main character of DSP(diarrhetic shellfish poisoning) and PSP(paralytic shellfish poisoning) in the mari-cultural waters of Guangdong LiuSha Bay.The samples of shellfish and phytoplankton have collected from the mari-cultural waters in later-years,including 4 species of shellfish,1 species of fish,total 12 samples,and were studied with Mouse bioassay and HPLC.The results showed:(1) PSP exist in varied seasons,but the content and infecting species was less.The toxicity was comparatively higher in springtime,including 6 ingredients of low and middling toxicity.Toxicity was comparatively lower in winter,including 2 ingredients of high and middling toxicity except springtime.It was not beyond the guard-value.Infecting species mostly was Crassostrea rivularis.(2) The toxicity of DSP was comparatively higher,abroad in seasons and species,but OA ingredient was absence.(3) The more attention to toxins of shellfish especially in DSP in the waters should be paid,minding PSP in springtime and DSP in autumn in edible aquaculture.(4) The Dinophysis caudate could product DSP toxins in the waters.

Since reform and opening up,China has provided a special incentive for local governments through a series of institutional arrangements.The institution arrangements impel local governments to use their local advantages and resources for winning beneficial resources and avoiding costs,which greatly promotes the growth of local economy.But,at the same time there have been some disorderly competition and excessive competition in Local intergovernmental competition.To solve these problems,we put forward some policy recommendations to normalize local intergovernmental competition for scientific development of local economy.

Environmental pollution which have gone far beyond the purification ability of nature microorganism has been a hot topic in the world.Genetic engineering technology could improve the purification ability of nature microorganism.Crops,which are cultivated by genetic engineering technology,not only improve economic benefit,but also effectively protect human living environment,it could resist pests without pesticide and is safe to human and animals,genetic engineering has bright prospects in agricultural environmental protection,the method could be used to culture nitrogen-fixing transgenic crops,drought-resistance and frigid-resistance crops.

本文系统的论述了海洋中主要污染物如无机污染物、有机污染物和放射性污染物的来源和主要形式,同时介绍了这些污染物对环境和人类造成或即将造成的危害,并且探讨了针对这些污染物进行有效的防治和治理,改善人类赖以生存的自然环境.

After the reform of the tax-sharing system,some local governments below the provincial level have faced the problem that local budgetary revenue is insufficient to cover the huge local public expenditure,thus,they highly depend on net income of land transfer and extra-budgetary revenue.At the same time,there is a huge difference between developed regions and under-developed regions at the aspect of relying on extra-budgetary revenue and net income of land transfer.This paper believes that the key to promote healthy and balanced development of local regions is to set up a reasonable public fiscal system and normalize the mechanism of local intergovernmental competition.

This paper introduces the institutional framework of European Union budget system,including the financial perspective systems,the process of annual budgeting,the fiscal revenue and expenditure,as well as the budget management.Overall,the EU budgeting system,the fiscal expenditure and management reflect some important principles of modern fiscal institution,such as democracy,transparency,accountability,and equalization,and they can be used as references to rectify and improve China's fiscal system.

The samples of DSP toxicity in shellfish from the Guangdong alongshore collected from Mar.to May,2005,including 27 sampling sites,35 species and 120 samples,were detected with Mouse bioassay.The results showed that both of the ratios of holding DSP toxicity and superstandard are higher in the species and in regions.The contaminated species are greater and main contaminated species is Paphia(Paratapes) undulata,next species are oysters and Perna viridis.The distributing regions of contaminated species are abroad,including whole maricultural waters in Guangdong alongshore.Beijin Harbor is main contaminated sea area and Shuidong Harbor is lower in DSP toxicity.

In the past 30 years since the implementation of the open-door and reform policy,Chinese government institutional reform has been locked into a predicament.This article analyzes the root of this predicament through a game theoretical analysis of the relationship between central government and local govenments.According to the game analysis,it is found that the root of this predicament is that the central government and local governments have formed a Nash Equilibrium with two game results——"no simplification,no punishment" or "no simplification,punishment"-in policy implementation game.Based on Chinese particuluar reality and institutions,this article not only analyzes the causes and changes of such a game equilibrium,but also argues that the best solution to this predicament is to change the benefit distribution of the inter-governmental game.

The Ni-based superalloy(GH742) sample was processed by laser shock processing(LSP),the residual stress,fatigue life of the sample were measured.The microstructure on the surface of the sample was observed.The results show that the compressive residual stress in the concave by LSP is about-910～-1160 MPa.Metallographic analysis of the material after laser shock peening indicates that the grain refinement occurs.The fatigue life of shocked specimens is about 1.5 to 4 times higher than that of un-shocked ones.

研究生科学共同体形成可以极大促进研究生的学术交流与协作,相互学习、激励与鼓舞,而这些正是培养研究生的创新素质和能力的关键因素。在讨论科学共同体的形成及其意义的基础上,结合清华大学公共管理学院研究生学术工作的实践与探索,探讨高校研究生学术工作应如何挖掘和整合学术资源和优势,搭建研究生学术平台,促进研究生科学共同体的形成和发展。

In order to establish feasible and effective method for monitoring toxins of shellfish and serve relative research,investigation and studies of the distribution of shellfish toxins in the coastal waters of Guangdong Province was carried out under the financial support from the project of the science and technology plan of Guangdong Province.The aim of the study is to know the effected species and areas and the composition and concentrations of the toxins.27 sampling sites were selected covering the adjacent sea of Guangdong from east to west,including 12 key marine aquaculture zones.120 shellfishes of 35 species were sampled between March and May,2005.Samples of PSP toxins of shellfish were studied with Mouse bioassay.The results show that:(1)The detection ratio and content of the paralytic shellfish poison are both lower.Within 120 samples,PSP was detected in 13 samples and the detection ratio was 10.8%.The PSP concentration ranges from 152 to 198 MU·(100 g)-1 parenchyma.Among these samples,lethality of Kunming mouse within one hour is high for Scapharca troscheli in Beijin port(Dongping) and Crassostrea rivularis of Shenquan Port(Shenquan),but toxicity is a low.All the detected data are significantly lower than the state provisional criterion 80 μg STXeq·(100 g)-1 shellfish parenchyma [for KM mouse,it is about 423 MU·(100 g)-1],and the lower temperature of the seawater in springtime of 2005 was probably an important reason for this.(2)Contaminated shellfish species were less than that of the former years.Out of the 35 shellfish species only eight detected PSP,accounting for 22.8%.The detection ratio of PSP was higher in oysters,but lower in Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus and Perna viridis,and PSP was not detected in Chalmys nobilis.(3)Paralytic shellfish poisoning has a wide geographical distribution,almost covering the whole coastal waters of Guangdong.The highest concentration of PSP was detected in Beijin Port where 2 out of 6 samples found PSP.Among the 12 key thalassic aquafarms,PSP were detected in 8 aquafarms except for Honghai,Daya,Dapeng and Hailing Bays.Detection ratio of PSP accounts for 66.7%.PSP has been also detected in the regions what had not been detected previously and the relative issues are also discussed by.

Since the reform and opening up,with the acceleration of marketization,Wuhan,as an old industrial city,has increasingly lost its competitive advantage in economy,facing the very grim challenge of economic transition.The author analyzes the causes of economic decline of Wuhan City and believes that the root is dependence on the traditional comparative advantage of production factors without creating a durative competitive advantage.This paper puts forward the ideas and strategies to construct wuhan city's competitive advantage system in the new period.

试图用唯物辩证法揭示权力结构的工具性与其意识形态制约之间的联系与差异,旨在表明公共权力异化就是权力自身的原发性变化,权力的内在矛盾就是权力异化的内在根据,从而形成有效的权力制衡机制,实现公共权力的良性、健康发展.