This study investigates the impact of agricultural input subsidies and complementary marketing factors on farmers' purchase intentions in Alborz Province, Iran, using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings suggest that sustainable production methods influence purchase intentions more than other factors examined in this study. Traditional advertising has no significant effect, indicating the need for more localized and trust-based communication strategies. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers: prioritize support for sustainable agricultural practices, invest in digital infrastructure to facilitate online transactions in rural areas, and redesign subsidy programs to target not only financial relief but also the promotion of modern, efficient farming methods. Furthermore, replacing conventional advertising with community-based outreach and tailored digital marketing can enhance market engagement. These insights contribute to more effective agricultural policy design and support broader goals of sustainable rural development and market participation.

The effect of agricultural input subsidies for farmers and other factors on the marketing of agricultural products is investigated in this paper. We first constructed a PLS-SEM; based on that, we designed survey questionnaires for Karaj city in the Alborz Province. The internal model shows that the method of production has the strongest effect on purchase intentions, followed by online purchases and input subsidies. Empirical analysis based on the questionnaire and PLS-SEM shows that the advertising variable has the strongest effect on the economic factors variable, followed by input subsidies and the distribution system. The path relationships between advertising, input subsidies, and the distribution system and economic factors are significant and show that all three variables are relatively strong predictors of economic factors.

Displaced people from Afghanistan comprise the largest protracted refugee population in Asia and the second-largest refugee population in the world. For nearly 40 years, most Afghan refugees have been received in neighboring Iran and Pakistan. In Iran, they have been provided with such provisions as healthcare, education, housing, employment, food, visas, and continuing residence. However, many Afghan refugees face significant barriers in accessing services, particularly when it comes to undocumented persons. This study identifies the factors affecting homelessness among refugees, drawing on interviews with eight Afghan men. We explore a four key elements (4Es) construct for supporting the empowerment of refugee people in Iran through education, employment, economic, and emotional support. The study argues that the 4Es approach can alleviate homelessness among refugees.

It has been shown that land fragmentation can negatively impact the efficiency of farming. Therefore, experts recommend land consolidation process, as a logical and workable solution to solve the problems and complications caused by land fragmentation. Land levelling and consolidation is a process of land reform that changes the construction of agricultural lands which leads to rural development through reforming farm management. However, a single plan cannot be applied to different regions, even though they might be in the same country. Hence, it is vital to investigate multiple factors in a certain region to devise the perfect consolidation plan. The present study, which is a survey-exploratory research, is conducted to provide a comprehensive model to implement the plan for levelling and consolidation of agricultural lands in the Abu Fazel region of Ahvaz, Iran. This research is an applied field research which uses both library and field methods to collect the required data. The study population is in Abu Fazel in the northeast of Ahvaz in Zargan region. The results of the study show that cultural, social, economic, policy-making, educational, agricultural and managerial factors have an effect on the participation of farmers in the levelling and consolidation of agricultural lands in the study area (p≥0.01). Also, there is a strong positive relationship between these factors and the farmers' participation in levelling and consolidation of agricultural lands (p≥0.01). Among these factors, it is observed that policy is main factor. Policymakers can play an effective role in land consolidation and macro development on the one hand and agricultural and rural development. On the other, by accurately assessing the interactive effect of land consolidation and related factors, along with the effects of this process on the evolution of agronomic systems.

Purpose:The purpose of this research was to achieve a comprehensive model of home businesses and conceptualize it in the form of knowledge theory.Methodology: From the point of view of the objective, the current research is a part of applied research and from the point of view that none of the variables in this study are subject to modification or manipulation; it was a non-experimental (descriptive) research.Finding the required information with 15 key informants), an exploratory interview was conducted, the sampling process was purposeful and strategic and will continue until the process of analysis and discovery reaches theoretical saturation.Data analysis was done based on open, axial and selective coding using Atlas t.i software.Findings: A total of 207 initial conceptual propositions were obtained from the interviews in the open coding stage.Unfavorable economic status of the family, low education and inability to be employed in government bodies, coercion of the father during childhood, the need to supervise and care for children, the need to be with the family more, and low and insufficient initial capital to start working in the market, including The causal factors have been the entry of people into home business; The most important theoretical finding of this research is related to the fact that home business owners are more inclined towards businesses that are related to their previous knowledge. Conclusion:The findings show that in the phenomenon of home business and the success of the owners of these businesses, 4 components are effective as described, causal factors, underlying conditions, action strategies and outputs, which are actually research innovation.It is especially evident in causal factors

Given the role and importance of processing and complementary industries in preventing waste from agricultural products, the establishment of such industries can be considered as one of the most appropriate solutions for agricultural development. For this purpose, the data were collected for data processing and complementary industries in the fields of packing, pricing, customer orientation, in south of Iran. Method: According to the goals and assumptions, descriptive–analytical research and its survey method is a survey. According to the Cochran formula, 155 people are involved in marketing, packaging and processing of palm in Kerman province. To answer the research questions, SPSS software and AMOS software were used to analyze the results. Findings "Indigenous Knowledge in packing”. Using communication tools in marketing impact of customer-orientation approach are Top Priorities in "marketing Date". The "packaging" factor is the most important factor in the marketing development of date conversion and complementary industries.

Conversion and complementary industries are one of the best ways to develop agricultural waste prevention. One of the problems facing the date-making and finishing industries is the problem. Lack of attention to the innovation of these industries and consequently lack of sufficient share in domestic markets and lack of access to global markets. This study examines the total innovation management in the fields of branding, packaging and pricing, customer orientation, and date and time-consuming advertising. Method: According to the goals and assumptions, descriptive-analytical research and its survey method is a survey. According to the Cochran formula, 155 people are involved in marketing, packaging and processing of dates in Kerman province. To answer the research question, a questionnaire was designed as the main research tool. SPSS software and AMOS software were used to analyze the results. Findings "Extensive Database of Resources", "New Technology", "Risk-taking Power", "How to Manage Workshops" are Top Priorities in Comprehensive Innovation Management in Convertible and Supplementary Industries and "Customer Oriented" Component Marketing And in the packaging of the component "smart packaging to maintain product quality" and in the processing of products "investment in the disinfection and grading sector" are the most important elements in the development of conversion and complementary industries.

Abstract This study follows a former child refugee’s experience of family resettlement in Chile. Born into the Palestinian Iraqi community further imperiled by the 2003 invasion of Iraq, his family fled first to the Al-Tanf refugee camp before placement in Chile. While most of the world’s refugees dwell in marginal conditions in areas neighboring conflicts, another strain of permanent settlement has been highly developed amongst some of the wealthiest countries. For countries such as Chile—by strict definition now high-income, but only newly considering a role as a haven for refugees—tentative steps toward resettlement protocols mean that case data are limited. By carefully studying a family’s resettlement and subsequent experience from a child refugee’s reflections, it is possible to sketch out and understand a range of challenges at the human scale of supporting refugees.

This study aims to design an appropriate model of entrepreneurship development based on value creation of academic knowledge-based companies. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection, and the field study will be used to distribute the questionnaire in order to prioritize these factors using the best-worst method. Finally, a formula is used to calculate the incompatibility rate in order to verify the validity of the relevant comparisons. The statistical population of this research is experts and business specialists and managers of university knowledge-based companies across the country. ANP fuzzy multi-criteria decision making models were used to determine the priority of research criteria and indicators. The results of the present study show that, in the first rank (entrepreneurial self-confidence), in the second rank (using the opinions of experts), in the third rank (allocation and lending), in the fourth rank (directing loans and facilities to production), in rank fifth (intellectual capital management), sixth (human resource management), seventh (value creation model for the development of startup entrepreneurship) and eighth (knowledge acquisition).

Homelessness among refugee populations has been increasing worldwide in recent years, which provides particular challenges for receiving nations. In a context in which formal systems supporting asylum seekers and refugees face high demand relative to their resource levels, the impact this may have on the homelessness sector to provide support and accommodation for asylum seekers and refugees has received scant attention. This paper presents a systematic review that synthesizes the literature on the determinants of Homelessness among refugees. The study reviewed seven electronic databases from 2002 to December 2019. Most studies exploring Homelessness among refugees were drawn from Canada, Australia, the UK., and the U.S. Overall, refugees constitute a vulnerable population at heightened risk of becoming homeless. The complex interplay between individual and structural pathways into homeless also makes it difficult for refugees to exit Homelessness. Our metadata analysis of the literature further supports that housing, family, health, community, political circumstances, and income disproportionately impact refugees. This paper identifies these factors as the root causes of refugee's Homelessness. Homelessness can also cause some issues with these six factors in general. In fact, there is a bidirectional causation relationship between Homelessness and these factors to some degree. However, the focus of this paper is on how these factors can contribute to refugee homelessness.

Rural producer cooperatives are one of the most important sectors to improve agricultural productivity in rural sector. However, they are suffering from some problems caused by the lack of an efficient monitoring and evaluation system. Since each system consists of its constituents, efficiency of the constituents may guarantee performance of the whole system. Therefore, the present study was formulated in order to present a framework for decision making in monitoring and evaluation system through analytic hierarchy process (AHP). For this purpose, an author made questionnaire was given to twenty experts of Rural Cooperative Organization and rural cooperative offices in Golestan Province. Validity and reliability of the tool were confirmed by experts’ ideas and Cronbach’s α, respectively. The results showed that readiness is the most prioritized factor in rural producer cooperatives of Golestan Province followed by gathering data, purpose and scope, reporting, performance indicators, and sustaining, respectively. The sub-criteria in each criterion were also determined and presented according to their priority.

Context: The most important pillar of the development of any country is research. Therefore, developed countries spend a considerable amount of their gross income on research, and as a result, the job of some people has been research. The distinctive feature of the research from other activities, such as study is creativity, and systematic innovation in the scale of knowledge that has made enterprises and even countries competitive. The more innovation and creativity in a country is, the better it is in terms of credibility over other countries. Innovation and creativity require specific infrastructure, one of which is legal and moral infrastructure. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the legal and moral infrastructure of creativity in society. Method: The research method is quasi-experimental. First, by examining the texts and interviewing the experts, the ethical and legal factors affecting creativity were extracted, and then, using the Demethan theme, relationships between them were examined. The statistical population of all experts in the field of ethics, law, creativity and innovation is the statistical sample of 30 people who have been selected as snowstorms. Results: The analysis of the results shows that shortcomings, over-opportunities, easy access to judicial courts, the recognition of the individual and social effects of virtues, proper laws and the existence of transparency are the most important causes of human morality. The social environment, education, adherence to patterns of morality, the recognition of virtues and vices, the implementation of the lawlessness of the law, the recognition of virtues rewards, and the recognition of punishments are causing disadvantages. Conclution: In order to observe the ethics of research, it must first be trained and the models, especially the sovereignty, should adhere to intellectual property rights. It is also easy to have access to judicial tribunals to investigate research offenses.

One of the solutions for agricultural development is conversion industries the purpose of these industries is to prevent waste from agricultural products and to access them locally and international. This study examines the marketing of date conversion and supplement industries. For this purpose, statistics and information were collected for the date conversion and supplement industry units operating in the fields of branding, and pricing, customer orientation and advertising in Kerman province. The purpose of this research is applied research and in the category of causal research the target population of the research population includes those involved in the date-making and finishing industries. After validation and reliability verification was used for data collection. In this study, structural equations using Amos software’s were used to investigate the relationships between model components, the component of maintaining brand position among customers and the market, packaging technology, economic beliefs in advertising, and the component of competitive pricing. The “customer needs forecast” component and the “advertising” component are the first priority factors in the development of switching and finishing industry. One of the important approaches in food supply of the country due to increasing population and decreasing agricultural resources and rangelands is the reduction of waste in the agricultural sector, which requires the existence of appropriate markets for the sale of conversion and complementary products. Creating attractiveness in Kerman's daycare and complementary industries markets will allow more investors to attend, which will generate more revenue and create employment, in addition to reducing date waste in the province.

Creativity analysis refers to the difference of people in perception, behavior, problem solving, decision making and making relationship with each other while conflict management represents people’s behavior, responding to the inter-personal conflicts though few studies have been conducted about investigating the relationships between entrepreneurs’ creativity analysis, conflict management style and career achievement in the section of creative analysis. To test the related hypothesis to a sample of 251 creative entrepreneurs in Kurdistan Province, structural equations modeling has been used. The results show that strengthening the creativity of creative entrepreneurs, mediated by conflict management style, and is effective on career achievement. According to the cognitive psychological theories and conflict management, the lost rings between entrepreneurship cognition and conflict management in the field of entrepreneurship will be specified in this study. Article visualizations:

Rural productive cooperatives in Iran are not making use of their full potential. It appears that an important reason for this is the lack of an efficient monitoring and evaluation system to improve decision-making and develop more detailed economic prospects for projects. The current study guided rural productive cooperatives during implementation of an efficient monitoring and evaluation system to improve performance and efficiency. A model was designed to monitor and evaluate the rural productive cooperatives in Golestan province in Iran. For this purpose, 218 respondents were selected from the statistical population comprising all managing directors, members of the boards of directors and inspectors in rural productive cooperatives of Golestan province ( N = 483) and were asked to fill in a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis and modeling were performed by confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. The recommendations for monitoring and evaluation of rural productive cooperatives are presented. Keywords: monitoring, evaluation, rural productive cooperative, Golestan Province.

Since 1996, several Forest Resources Management Plans (FRMPs) have been launched by the Iranian government in order to approach sustainable forest management in the Zagros area in west and south-west Iran. This survey study aimed to provide some policy recommendations in order to launch more successful FRMPs. Using a proportional cluster random sampling method, data were collected from 208 forest-dwellers (beneficiaries) and 90 practitioners. The results showed that the FRMPs are far from satisfactory. There are several reasons for this failure. First, the financial resources allocated to these plans are being used for other purposes. Second, the inputs and supplies needed for effective forest management interventions were not in place in a timely manner. Third, the forest management in the area is far from being decentralized. Both the beneficiaries and practitioners believe that forest-dwellers play a weak role in forest management interventions. Factor analysis revealed that three main factors influencing the Zagros management effectiveness are "the management capabilities of forest-dwellers", "the professional capabilities of practitioners in forest management", and "public support for forest-dwellers". The correlation analysis revealed that all the three factors are also positively and significantly associated with the success of the government's forestry programs. Accordingly, the main recommendation of this study was to reformulate forest management policies in the Zagros area by highlighting participatory approaches, not only as a tool, but also as a goal of FRMPs.

Determining an appropriate forestry extension model remains as a major challenge if sustainable forest management is a goal. This article was an attempt to show how the analytical hierarchy process can effectively be helpful in selecting appropriate model for forestry extension. The results revealed that the present situation fails to regard the ‘privatized extension’ as an appropriate model for the Zagros area in Iran. The results also showed while the beneficiaries select ‘cooperative extension system’ as the most appropriate model, it has no tangible difference with ‘public extension system’ as the second preferred option. Accordingly, a hybrid forestry extension model was recommended as an appropriate model.

The purpose of this stady was to identify economical factors affection on empowerment of members of women rural cooperatives in Ilam province.this study was an applied research and was done by descriptive method.The statistical population of this research consists of all of the members women of rural cooperatives in Ilam province in 2010-11 (N=1242)،which 128 members have been chosen by simple random sampling method.The instrument for collecting data was a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by jury of experts and its reliability was established through calculating Cronbach Alpha coefficient (0.91). The results of Espirman correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the build and operate the business،controlling income،buihd entrepreneurial spirit،and market cognitive with empowerment of members. The result of regression analysis regarding the effectiveness of eight studied variables on empowerment of members indicated that build and operate the business through cooperatives was the important factor on em powerment of members.This variable could just specify 7.6% of variance of dependent variable.

The adsorption of oxygen atom, as well as the coadsorption of CO + O on (6, 0) carbon nanotube surface, was studied by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Zigzag (6, 0) CNT was used to simulate the surface. The oxygen atom adsorbed on the site I of the CNT was the most favorable state. The coadsorption of O at the site I tended to block adsorption of CO at the different sites. Calculation indicated that CO may be absorbed on the O-CNT with the perpendicular adsorption configuration to the surface via C atom. The adsorption in the most favorable site occurred with the binding energy of -37.791 kcal.mol(-1). In this state, the calculated C-O stretch frequencies was read-shifted comparable with the calculated gas phase value, and the C-O distance was increased because of further electron transfers from O-CNT to anti-bonding orbital of CO. Too the reaction of CO + O -> CO2 on the (6, 0) CNT is predicted to be endothermic, and formed CO2 species is not able to stably absorb on the surface.