目的 了解介入放射工作人员健康状况,及时发现健康损害,防止职业性放射性疾病的发生和发展.方法 选择山东省5所医院的介入放射工作人员156名为介入组,介入组根据工龄分为≤10、10～20、≥20年3个组,选择非放射工作人员134名为对照组,比较对照组和介入组及不同工龄组外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率、抗氧化功能和外周血细胞检测结果.结果 介入组染色体畸变率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同工龄组染色体畸变率随工龄的增加逐渐升高,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).介入组SOD活性和GSH活性均低子对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MDA含量高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);不同工龄组SOD活性、GSH活性和MDA含量差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).介入组白细胞异常检出率和血红蛋白异常检出率均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同工龄组白细胞异常检出率隧工龄的增加逐渐升高,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 低剂量电离辐射对介入放射工作人员的血液指标产生影响,应加强介入放射的辐射防护工作,定期进行职业健康检查.

目的 研究X射线诱导的人外周血ISG20L1基因表达变化,探究ISG20L1基因作为早期辐射生物标志物的可行性.方法 以健康人群外周血作为研究对象,分别用0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0和8.0GyX射线照射EDTA抗凝外周血后培养0、4、8、24和48 h后,用RT-PCR技术检测基因转录水平,分析X射线照射外周血后的ISG20L1基因转录水平与辐射剂量之间的量效关系及时效关系;分析14名健康献血者的本底表达水平,分析基因表达的本底差异性.结果 不同剂量照射组与对照组(0 Gy组)的基因表达水平在照射后0h比较无显著性差异,而对照组样本随着培养时间的延长先下降随后上升,在去除ISG2L1基因的代谢动力学的影响后发现不同剂量点ISG20L1基因转录水平随着照后时间延长表达上调,各个照射剂量点的时间响应良好.分析不同时间点的剂量响应的时候发现,在照后4 h ISG20L1基因随着照射剂量的增加转录水平有所增加,但未能呈现良好剂量效应关系,照射后8h、12 h和48 h在剂量范围为0～4Gy时呈现出了良好的剂量效应关系,R2分别为0.978 9,0.908 3,0.9600,但当照射剂量增大为8Gy时,ISG20L1基因转录水平反而下降.结论 ISG20L1基因在0～4Gy照射剂量范围内在照射后8h以后呈现良好的量效关系,具有作为辐射生物标志物的潜力.

The increasing use of ionizing radiation (IR) in medical diagnosis and treatment has caused considerable concern regarding the effects of occupational exposure on human health. Despite this concern, little information is available regarding possible effects and the mechanism behind chronic low-dose irradiation. The present study assessed potential genomic damage in workers occupationally exposed to low-dose X-rays. A variety of analyses were conducted, including assessing the level of DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations (CA) as well as cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, gene expression profiling, and antioxidant level determination. Here, we report that the level of DNA damage, CA, and CBMN were all significantly increased. Moreover, the gene expression and antioxidant activities were changed in the peripheral blood of men exposed to low-dose X-rays. Collectively, our findings indicated a strong correlation between genomic instability and duration of low-dose IR exposure. Our data also revealed the DNA damage repair and antioxidative mechanisms which could result in the observed genomic instability in health-care workers exposed to chronic low-dose IR.

目的 应用基因芯片分析X射线对人淋巴母细胞基因表达的影响,为阐明辐射生物效应的作用机制提供理论依据.方法 应用基因芯片分析人淋巴细胞经0.5和2GyX射线照射后的基因表达情况,通过Real-time PCR对部分差异表达基因进行验证.结果 人淋巴母细胞经0.5和2GyX射线照射后6h差异表达基因分别有1 250和1 773个,照射后20h差异表达基因分别有1 076和690个.通过Real-time PCR验证差异表达的基因PERP与基因芯片结果一致,与对照组相比表达下调.结论 电离辐射诱导差异表达的基因与照射剂量和照后时间相关,本研究为寻找新型辐射生物剂量计和研究辐射生物效应机制提供了新的理论依据.

目的 了解医学介入放射工作人员眼晶状体的损伤情况.方法 对226名介入放射工作人员和336名放射诊断工作人员眼晶状体混浊情况进行统计分析和评价.结果 介入放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊率为8.85％,高于放射诊断工作人员(P＜0.05);不同性别组介入放射人员眼晶状体混浊率差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05);50岁以上组介入放射人员眼晶状体混浊率与其他年龄组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同工龄组介入放射人员眼晶状体混浊率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期低剂量辐射会造成介入放射工作人员眼晶状体混浊率增高,应加强介入放射人员眼部的辐射防护.

为了解决低传能线密度辐射诱发的染色体畸变存在剂量率效应的问题,以便较为准确地估算不同剂量率受照人员的吸收剂量.用3种不同照射剂量率的低剂量X线照射离体人外周血,CA诱导染色体早熟,收获早熟凝集染色体,采用盲法阅片,计数染色体断片数和畸变细胞数,分析畸变率与照射剂量之间的关系,分别拟合不同剂量率的剂量效应曲线和数学模型.结果表明,在剂量率一定的情况下,各剂量点的染色体断片率随吸收剂量增加而增加.同一剂量点不同剂量率射线诱发的染色体断片率随剂量率的增加而增加,剂量率效应明显.因此在估算低传能线密度辐射的吸收剂量时,应该考虑剂量率效应,根据受照情况尽量选择剂量率相近的剂量-效应关系曲线进行估算,从而使结果更为准确.

Objective To explore the feasibility of using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology to detect the Calyculin A (CA)-induced prematurely condensed chromosome(PCC) after high-dose irradiation of X-rays.Methods Human peripheral blood was irradiated by X-rays at 0,1,5,10,15 and 20 Gy.Whole blood was cultured with RPMI 1640 medium,thereafter the CA was used to induce premature chromosome condensation.The No.1 and No.4 whole chromosome probe was used in the FISH,and the chromosomes were observed under the fluorescence microscope.The aberration positive cell quantity and the quantity of fragments of two chromosomes were counted,and dose-effect curve fitted was performed.Results The ratio of chromosomal aberration positive cells had a good dose response (0-15 Gy) with an equation Y =0.008 + 0.065D + 1.858 × 10-5D2 (R2 =0.994).The PCC fragments also had a good dose response within 0-20 Gy with an equation Y=-0.032 +0.216D-0.01D2(R2 =1.0).Conclusions Analysis of Calyculin-A-induced PCC by using FISH technique could be used to estimate the biological dose after high-dose irradiation.

为了解山东某金矿井下工作人员的放射性职业危害情况,采用微量全血培养法,分析调查对象的染色体畸变情况.该金矿井下工作人员的染色体畸变率为0.89‰,高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).提示,金矿井下工作人员受到放射性损伤,相关部门应引起重视并采取相应的措施,以保障金矿井下工作人员的职业健康.

大量的实验研究和临床应用证明,外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析是估算受照剂量较为可靠的生物学方法.常规染色体畸变剂量-效应曲线估算的剂量上限一般是5 Gy[1],解决大于5 Gy的剂量-效应关系,以扩大剂量-效应曲线的适用范围,对于受大剂量照射者的早期剂量诊断和临床救治非常重要.超大剂量照射以后,由于淋巴细胞数量急剧下降,用常规染色体培养方法在需要延长培养时间到70 h左右才能勉强收获到足够的中期分裂相以备分析[2].早熟染色体凝集技术可以克服常规染色体培养方法的不足,诱导间期染色体提前凝集,使可以用于分析的细胞数大大增加,从而易于染色体畸变分析.本研究拟在探索用花萼海绵诱癌素A(Calyculin A,CA)联合秋水仙素提前获取畸变染色体的可行性,并建立0 ～20 Gy X射线照射后的剂量-效应曲线,为超大剂量照射后剂量的快速准确估算提供一种新的方法。

为了解放射工作人员的健康状况,为其职业健康监护提供依据,随机抽取山东省放射工作人员965人,对其健康状况进行调查.结果表明,放射工作人员随着工龄的增长,自觉症状与实验室检查部分指标异常率呈增长趋势,从事介入治疗和放射治疗的工作人员自觉症状和实验室检查相关指标异常率明显增高,但各组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).提示,长期接触低剂量电离辐射对人体健康有一定的影响.

目的 应用基因芯片分析X射线照射对来源于人正常淋巴母细胞系的AHH-1基因表达的影响.方法 照射组采用基因芯片分析0.1、0.5、2.0、5.0GyX射线(设为相应的剂量组)照射AHH-1后培养20 h基因表达谱的改变,另设1组未照射组为对照组.将照射组与对照组细胞的基因表达量差异比值＞2.0或＜0.5确定为有效差异表达基因.用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和实时聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)方法验证部分差异表达基因.结果 照射组共同表达上调的基因有19个,共同表达下调的基因有22个.不同剂量组基因差异表达的倍数变化幅度较大,从下调0.05倍到上调13.12倍,但大部分在下调0.30 ～0.50倍和上调2.00～3.00倍,其中共济失调-毛细血管扩张突变基因在0.1和0.5Gy剂量组表达上调,细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制1A基因(CDKN1A)在2.0和5.0 Gy剂量组表达上调.RT-PCR检测结果与基因芯片结果相一致,包括CDKN2A基因、肿瘤坏死因子受体超级家族19基因(TNFRSF19)、核糖核酸酶7基因(RNASE7)和早期生长反应因子3基因(EGFR3),Real-time PCR证实照射后TNFRSF19的表达下降.结论 不同剂量X射线照射对AHH-1细胞多种功能基因的表达产生了影响,照射后差异表达基因参与不同的生物学过程.

Objective To investigate the effect of 0.1 Gy X-ray irradiation on the gene expression profiles in normal human lymphoblastoid cells using gene microarray and to explore the possible mechanism of the biological effect of low-dose irradiation.Methods The NimbleGen 12 ×135 K microarray corresponding to 45033 genes was used to analyze the gene expression profiles in AHH-1 cells cultured for 6 h and 20 h after 0.1 Gy X-ray irradiation.A gene was identified as the differentially expressed gene if the ratio between its expression levels in irradiation group and control group was higher than 2 or lower than 0.5.RT-PCR and real-time PCR were used to confirm some differentially expressed genes.Results There were 760 up-regulated genes and 1222 down-regulated genes in the cells at 6 h after 0.1 Gy X-ray irradiation,while there were 463 up-regulated genes and 753 down-regulated genes at 20 h after 0.1 Gy X-ray irradiation; there were 92 differentially expressed genes in common.The expression of GADD45A,CDKN2A,and Cx43 measured using gene microarray was confirmed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR.Conclusion Low-dose irradiation can affect the expression of many functional genes,which provides a basis for the research on the mechanism of radiation damage.

<正>随着放射源应用的频繁和使用放射源单位的增加,接触操作放射源的人员越来越多。眼晶状体是对射线较敏感的组织之一,长期接触射线可造成一定的损伤,出现不同程度的晶状体浑浊,甚至造成视力减退形成放射性白内障。为了解现阶段低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员眼晶状体影响的情况,现对济南市的操作放射源接触射线的513例工作人员进行调查分析。1资料及方法1.1调查对象513例放射工作人员分别从事X线诊断、放射治疗、核医学等工作。其中男393例,女120例;年龄20

Objective To study the effect of human lactoferrin on the X-ray Radiation Injury in mice.Methods The mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group,radiation group and l1actoferrin group.To give mice 6.8 Gy,observe mice' 30 d survival rate and to give mice 2 Gy,observe bone marrow micronucleus,nuclear cell count.Results All the mice of radiation group without Lactoferrin died in 25d after exposure.The group the 30-day livability is high,there was a significant difference in comparison between radiatin group without lactoferrin and groups with lactoferrin(P0.05).In the group without lactoferrin,the bone marrow karyocytes decreased significantly after radiation,and lf treatment groups(including prevention and emergency) are higher than pure radiation group,there was a significant difference in comparison between radiatin group without lactoferrin and groups with lactoferrin(P0.05).Simply after radiation for 3 days,mice micronucleus bone marrow cells shouwed a significantly higher rate,and the group without lactoferrin,it shouwed less than the group with lactoferrin,with significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion lactoferrin which is used in the prevention iron or emergency to has radioprotective effect.

Objective To study the effect of human lactoferrin on acute radiation injury induced by X-ray in mice.Methods 51 Balb/c male mice were randomly divided into 3 groups as a control,an irradiated and a lactoferrin group.The irradiated and lavtoferrin group were given 2.0 Gy X-rays.2 hours later,the mice in lactoferrin group received intraperitoneal injection of 4.0 mg human lactoferrin,the mice in the control and irradiated groups received 1.0 ml saline.Phagocytic and phagocytic percentage of macrophage,SOD,MDA,peripheral hemogram and viscera index were observed.Results Compared with those of the irradiated group,the phagocytic index and phagocytic percentage of macrophage,SOD,splenic index in lactoferrin group increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the level of MDA reduced significantly(P<0.01),WBC,RBC,PLT,thymus and liver index remained unchanged(P>0.05).Conclusion Human lactoferrin could have protective effect on acute radiation injury in mice.

Objective To compare the gene expression difference between 0.1 and 5 Gy X-ray irradiated cells,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods A cDNA microarray corresponding to 45033 human genes was used to analyze the transcriptional profiles of normal human lymphoblastoid AHH-1 cells at 4 h after 0.1 or 5 Gy irradiation.The genes with a fold change ≥ 2.0 were identified as the differentially expressed genes.real-lime PCR and Western blot were used to confirm the expression of PERP.Results The microarray assay showed that there were 760 up-regulated genes and 1222 down-regulated genes in the cells at 0.1 Gy,while there were 744 genes down-regulated and 457 genes up-regulated in the cells at 5 Gy.In addition,55 genes were commonly up-regulated and 339 genes commonly down-regulated at 0.1 and 5 Gy.The predominant biological processes of the differential genes responding to low-dose radiation include cell-cell signaling transduction and DNA damage response,and the altered genes after 5 Gy irradiation were related to cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.Moreover,the expression of PERP gene was down regulated,which was consistent with the data of microarrey assay.Conclusions The quantitative and qualitative differences in the gene expressions may contribute to the diversed biological effects induced by low or high doses of ionizina radiation.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the dose-effect curve between TCR MF and ionizing radiation.METHODS:Peripheral lymphocytes were collected from 8 healthy adults (4 males and 4 females) and cultured in vitro with 12 well culture plates. They were stimulated by PHA-P and IL-2 after exposed to different doses of irradiation (0.00 - 8.00 Gy) and cultured for 7 d. The dose-effect curve was established after measuring TCR MF using flow cytometry. Also, using the same method, we separated and cultured the peripheral lymphocytes collected from 16 radiotherapy cancer patients, whose radiation styles and doses were different, and then measured TCR MF to estimate the whole equivalent dose of radiotherapy patients through the dose-effect curve. Peripheral blood was collected and cultured, chromosome aberration (dicentric and ring) was determined under microscope to estimate irradiation dose.RESULTS:The relationship of dose-effect between the TCR MF and ionizing radiation (0.00 - 8.00 Gy) was well, the curve of large dose group (2.00 - 8.00 Gy), low dose group (0.00 - 1.00 Gy) and 0.00 - 8.00 Gy dose group were met with the quadratic polynomial model, the equation was TCR MF = -32.8579 + 20.5436D + 0.6341D(2), TCR MF = 1.796 + 0.017D + 5.155D(2) and TCR MF = -0.6229 + 6.305D + 0.6919D(2), respectively. D was the radiation dose (Gy). Using the established curve and the chromosome aberration method to estimate the systemic exposure dosage, the average relative deviation was 16.8%.CONCLUSION:The curve established by the TCR gene mutation analysis technology can be applied to exposure dose estimation of victims in ionization radiation accidents.

Objective To observe the radiosensitivity by targeting HIF-lα in human lung cancer and the effects on tumor growth in nude mice.Methods Radiosensitivity of A549 and A549/HIF-1α ( － ) cells were tested by clonogenic forming assay.A549/HIF-1 α( － ) cells and A549 cells were injected into the male BALB/C nude mice.Tumor growth was observed.The expression of HIF-1α and microvessel density were detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results SERs of HIF-1α gene silencing were 1.03 in normoxia and 1.65 in hypoxia.The sizes of tumor xenografts derived from A549/HIF-1α( － ) cells were significantly reduced compared to those of the xenografts derived from A549 cells.HIF-1 α protein staining result showed a dramatic decrease in tumors from A549/HIF-1α ( － ) mice.The microvessel densities (MVD) were 19.83 ± 4.09 in A549 group and 11.61 ±3.04 in A549/HIF-lα (-)group(F=15.57,P ＜0.05 ).Conclusions Hypoxia-induced radio-resistance in lung cancer A549 cells could be reversed by silencing the HIF-1α.It also retards the growth of tumor xenografts,decreases HIF-1α expression and reduces the vascularity.

Objective To observe the consistency of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes mutation in lymphocytes in rats after irradiation in vivo and in vitro.Methods A total of 48 female rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups.Peripheral blood samples from them were collected to separate the lymphocytes and then irradiated to X-ray irradiation with the dose rate of 200 cGy/min at the doses of 0,0.5,0.75,1.0,2.0,and 3.0 Gy,respectively.Then all the lymphocyte samples were cultured for 7 days.Flow cytometry with direct immunofluorescence was used to detect the TCR gene mutation.The levels of TCR gene mutant frequency (TCRMF) of different groups were calculated.Results The TCRMF levels of different groups after irradiation in vivo and in vitro all displayed a dose-dependent manner and there were no significant differences in the TCRMF between different dose irradiation groups(t = -1.1-0.3 ,P ＞0.05).Conclusions A consistency of TCRMF after irradiation in vivo and in vitro is proven.The results of TCRMF of peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro by flow cytometry can precisely reflect the TCR genes mutation after whole-body irradiation.

<正>随着核技术的广泛发展与应用,高能量的电离辐射设备应用越来越多,电离辐射给人类带来巨大利益的同时也产生多种损伤效应,主要包括有确定性效应和随机效应。近年来,随着人们自我保护意识的提高以及放射防护技术的不断完善和发展,监测表明,越来越多的放射工作人员在职业工作中接触低剂量电离辐射(low dose radiation,LDR),人均年剂量当量小于国家剂量限值标准(20mSv)的1/10水平。然而在对放射工作人员进行健康监测过程中发现,长期接触小剂量电离辐射