Wound inflammation is a key issue in wound healing as it often causes serious complications and delays wound healing. In this study, hemostatic and antimicrobial hydrogels composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS) and gelatin (Gel) were prepared. Phenylboronic acid (3-CPBA) and tannic acid (TA) were introduced to modify the multinetwork hydrogel to promote wound repair. PGCPT-1.2 hydrogel had a water content of >85 % and was biocompatible. Due to the antibacterial effect of chitosan itself. The PGCPT hydrogel exhibited 100 % antimicrobial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus within 12 h. The hydrogel exhibited shape memory behavior and self-healing ability. Histological analysis showed that PGCPT-1.2 hydrogel reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels by accelerating collagen deposition. The wound healing rate at day 14 was 97 % ± 0.4 %. PGCPT-1.2 hydrogel dressing with 1.2 % TA addition had the best effect in promoting wound healing, and it is a promising dressing for promoting wound healing and a therapeutic strategy worth developing.

Herein, MIL‐88b‐NH 2 nanocage is designed with adenine inside the cage and tannins as gating outside the cage. Based on this core‐shell structure, polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl chitosan/MIL/adenine/tannic acid (PCMAT) hydrogels are able to respond endogenously and exogenously at different stages of wound healing. The engineered hydrogel is designed to have tunable adhesion and intelligence. The optimal PCMAT‐0.3 hydrogel reduced the pore size to ≈13.5 µm under endogenous response conditions, and the antimicrobial performance reached more than 80% within 6 h. Tensile strength and strain at break are reduced by 8.47% and 60.52% respectively under exogenous response conditions. Evaluation of the healing effect on mouse back wound tissue shows that the wound healing rate is significantly better than the control group without nanocage incorporation on day 14. It provides an idea for the development of smart response hydrogel wound dressing that integrates multifunctionality.

We reported a colorimetric paper-based device by integrating the modified acid RNA-cleaving DNAzymes (MaRCD-EC1) for highly sensitive (detection limit = 10(2) CFU mL(-1)), and rapid (within 30 min) detection of E. coli without amplification. This device exhibited a clinical sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% in identifying E. coli-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) using the clinical urine samples.

An antibacterial biobased compound emulsion is prepared by modifying cationic oxidized starch grafted styrene-acrylic emulsion with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (AEM5700) and tea polyphenols. The biobased compound emulsion exhibits better stability, chemical properties, and antibacterial properties. The structure and surface morphology of biobased compound emulsion are characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal stability of biobased compound emulsion is improved, which can be concluded from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface morphology of film is observed by the atomic force microscope (AFM). The wetting property of emulsion film is tested by contact angle test. When the compound ratio is 1.5, the biobased antibacterial compound emulsion has better stability and antibacterial properties. Compared to a single antibacterial agent, the inhibition zone increases by 4-5.5 mm. In addition, the polymerization mechanism of the biobased antibacterial emulsion is analyzed. This work provides an effective way to prepare biobased antibacterial emulsions by soap-free emulsion polymerization, which combines the advantages of cationic starch grafted styrene-acrylate emulsions and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (AEM5700) and tea polyphenol antibacterial agents. It has a significant effect on the thermodynamic, mechanical, and bactericidal properties of compound emulsion. image

In this paper, a heart -shaped nanocomposite (MXenen@Cu-MOF, MC) has been prepared by hydrothermal method. This material can effectively prevent the accumulation of MXene, improve the material's electrical conductivity and antibacterial properties. In addition, it is loaded into Polyvinyl alcohol/Poly-dopamine hydrogel wound dressings (PPMC), which can effectively destroy bacterial biofilms and provide a new pathway for internal electrical currents, helping to repair internal electric fields and promote wound healing. Through the concentration gradient experiments of hydrogel such as antibacterial, conductive, hemolysis and cell migration, we believe that the addition of MC can improve the basic properties of hydrogel. Among them, PPMC0.2 is the hydrogel with the best performance under the premise of meeting bio-compatibility. Its resistance, between 500 and 1000 Omega, is lower than the skin resistance at the wound site and provides the basis for the passage of current through the body. In addition, the cell mobility (24h) of PPMC0.2 reached 58%, and the wound healing rate (6day) was 81.84%, which was much higher than that of other experimental groups. The experimental results proved that PPMC hydrogel can promote wound healing, and this study also provided a new therapeutic idea for chronic wound healing.

Electrical stimulation modulates cell behavior and influences bacterial activity, so highly conductive, antimicrobial hydrogels are suitable for promoting wound healing. In this study, highly conductive and antimicrobial Ti3C2Tx (MXene) hydrogels composed of chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) and AgCu- H2PYDC MOF were developed. In PVACS/MOF/MXene (PCMM) hydrogels, the MXene layer acts as an electrical conductor. The electrical conductivity is 0.61 ± 0.01 S·cm-1. PCMM hydrogels modulate cell behavior and provide ES antimicrobial capacity under ES at 1 V. The metal ions of MOF form coordination with chitosan molecules and increase the cross-linking density between chitosan molecules, thus improving the mechanical properties of the hydrogel (tensile strength 0.088 ± 0.04 MPa, elongation at break 233 ± 11 %). The PCMM gels had good biocompatibility. The PCMM hydrogels achieved 100 % antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus for 12 h. 1 V electrical stimulation of PCMM hydrogel accelerated the wound healing process in mice by promoting cell migration and neovascularization, achieving 97 ± 0.4 % wound healing on day 14. The hydrogel dressing PCMM-0.1 with MOF addition of 0.1 % had the best wound healing promoting effect and which is a promising dressing for promoting wound healing and is a therapeutic strategy worth developing.

Chitosan materials perform a great potential for applications in sustainable and flexible electronics, owing to their abundance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. While limited by the inherent shortcoming of having a melting temperature higher than its degradation temperature, chitosan is hard to be manufactured by traditional thermoforming or solvent-free methods. Herein, we demonstrated a tractable roll-forming method to process chitosan films under the plasticizing effect of ionic liquids. In particular, the additional ionic liquids could be removed by Soxhlet extraction and then recycled toward sustainability. The final regenerated chitosan films exhibited outstanding strength (53.1 MPa), high elongation (3.5%) and hardness (0.4 GPa). Simultaneously, the successful fabrication of interdigital electrode sensors on the chitosan film indicated the feasibility of manufacturing flexible electronics using chitosan substrates. Thus, our innovative strategy enables the sustainable formation of high-performance chitosan films, offering a broader prospect for the new generation of chitosan-based biodegradable electronics.

Micro/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) have attracted global attention for their potential adverse impacts on marine ecosystems. This study investigated the impacts of MPs/NPs (70 nm, 500 nm, and 2 µm) on population growth and life-history traits of marine rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis), and further explored the differences from the aspects of nutrient accumulation and metabolomic profiles. The results showed that 200 and 2000 µg/L 70 nm NPs significantly suppressed population growth, and negatively affected life span, the first spawning and breeding time, and fecundity in F0-F2 generation rotifers. Whereas 500 nm NPs and 2 µm MPs showed no effect on population growth 200 µg/L and only changed the life-history traits at the highest concentration. Moreover, 70 nm NPs were more easily accumulated in the rotifers and reduced food ingestion and nutrient accumulation, which caused more severe disruption on purine-pyrimidine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and protein synthesis pathway compared to 500 nm NPs. Thus, the smaller the size of the plastic particles, the stronger the toxicity to the rotifers. This study provided new insights into the toxicity of MPs/NPs on marine zooplankton and proposed that metabolomics was powerful to explore the toxicity mechanisms of MPs/NPs.

Prometryn, a widely used triazine herbicide in agriculture and aquaculture, has been commonly detected in marine environments, but its effects on the marine copepod are unknown. In this study, marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus was chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of prometryn to investigate its impacts and potential mechanism of action. The results showed that 0.5, 5, and 50 mu g/L prometryn delayed the first spawning time and hatching time, reduced the fecundity, and inhibited the population growth rate. Moreover, exposure to 0.5, 5 and 50 mu g/L prometryn decreased food ingestion, the content of C and N elements, nutrient accumulation and body size, but increased the content of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Transcriptome analysis showed that 50 mu g/L prometryn down-regulated 1431 genes, which were mainly enriched in lysosome pathway and chitin binding and cuticle construction process. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of key genes involved in juvenile hormone synthesis and chitin metabolic pathways were also inhibited after prometryn exposure. Molecular docking revealed that prometryn could bind to ecdysone receptor (EcR) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP), components of the ecdysteroid nuclear receptor complex. Therefore, environmental relevant prometryn delayed the molting and development of T. japonicus by disrupting the ecdysone signal pathway and chitin metabolic pathway through binding to EcR and UAP. This study provides new insights into toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of prometryn on marine copepods.

Phenanthrene (Phe), one of the most commonly detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, poses a potential threat to marine ecosystems due to its strong toxicity to aquatic organisms. Developing marine water quality criteria (WQC) is critical to effectively control Phe pollution. This study conducted 10 acute toxicity tests and 4 chronic toxicity tests using native species in the Bohai Sea, China and found that the half-lethal/effective concentrations (LC50/EC50) of Phe for all tested organisms were in the range of 0.198-50.142 mg/L. Among them, the mysid Neomysis awatschensis was the most sensitive species, and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was the least sensitive. In terms of chronic toxicity, the range of no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) for the four tested organisms was 0.0156-4.00 mg/L. Based on the toxicity data and other data collected from existing databases and literature, the established species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model revealed that the marine WQC for Phe was 39.55 μg/L. Furthermore, the reliability of the derived criteria was verified by measuring multiple endpoints of Skeletonema costatum and Brachionus plicatilis after chronic exposure to Phe. Finally, the environmental concentrations of Phe in the Bohai Sea were determined to be 8.0-318 ng/L, and the joint probability curve (JPC) results showed that the ecological risk of Phe was acceptable. This study provides a reference for developing seawater quality standards for Phe.

Developing novel bilayer food packing film having the ability to prevent bacterial infections and capable of inhibiting oxidation is utmost important, since bacterial infections and oxidation can cause food spoilage. Ag-Metal-organic framework loaded p-coumaric acid modified chitosan (P-CS/Ag@MOF) or chitosan nanoparticles (P-CSNPs/Ag@MOF) and polyvinyl alcohol/starch (PVA/ST) were used as the upper film and lower layer film to successfully prepare a bilayer composite film. The microscopic morphology, water resistance, oil resistance, oxidation resistance, optical properties, cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of the composite films were compared. The results showed that the surface of P-CS/Ag@MOF bilayer was relatively smooth and its tensile strength (TS) was higher (27.67 MPa). Among them, P-CS/Ag@MOF bilayer films had better oil resistance and oxidation resistance activity. In addition, the P-CS/Ag@MOF bilayer film had good UV-blocking properties and transparency. P-CSNPs/Ag@MOF bilayer film had higher antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity.

Nanofillers play an important role in the field of anticorrosion. This paper focuses on the study of the anticorrosion performance of a novel N-doped carbon nanodots(CNDs) in epoxy coating. N-doped carbon nanodots (CNDs) with a size of about 100 nm is synthesized by hydrothermal method using citric acid as carbon source. The chemical structure and morphology of CNDs are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), ultraviolet spectrophotometer(UV-vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The water absorption of the coating is studied by gravimetric method. The corrosion resistance of the coating is analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results reveal that the corrosion resistance of epoxy coating is significantly improved by adding the appropriate amount of CNDs, as it can effectively reduce the porosity of the coating and extend the path of corrosive medium penetrating the coating, thus enhancing the corrosion resistance of the coating. After soaking in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 480 h, the low frequency impedance of the 0.15 wt% CNDs/epoxy nanocomposite coating is 1.85x1010 ohm center dot cm2, which is greatly improved compared with that of the pure epoxy coating (5.43 x 104 O center dot cm2). The water absorption result shows that the water absorption of the coating with CNDs content of 0.15 wt% is much lower than that of the pure epoxy coating. The corrosion resistance is greatly improved.

With the continuous accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) in the ocean, it becomes urgent to explore their potential effects on filter-feeding zooplankton. This study exposed marine rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) to 0, 20, 200, and 2000 μg/L of 70-nm polystyrene NPs (PS NPs) for two generations (F0 − F1), followed by two-generation (F2 − F3) culture in clean seawater, to investigate the impacts on life-history traits. The results showed that NPs were ingested by the rotifers within 10 min and reached a maximum level after 12 h of exposure. NPs were also observed in the feces of F0 and F1 generation rotifers and on the surface of F1 generation eggs. The intake of NPs inhibited microalgae ingestion, decreased body volume, delayed the first spawning time, reduced the total number of eggs and offspring of F0 and F1 generation. Moreover, 2000 μg/L NPs postponed the first hatching time of F0 generation eggs by 2.5 h, and the hatching time of F1 generation eggs was delayed by 7.3 h and 6.8 h under 200 and 2000 μg/L NPs exposure. The first spawning time and the first hatching time of rotifers were still significantly prolonged in the F2 generation, but other life-history traits returned to normal. After being cultured in clean seawater for two generations, all these indicators were recovered to the normal level. Overall, this study demonstrates that the life-history traits of marine rotifers could be flexibly changed with/without PS NPs exposure.

In this paper, Ag-Metal-organic framework loaded chitosan nanoparticles (0.1%Ag@MOF/1.5%CSNPs) and poly-vinyl alcohol/sodiumalginate/chitosan (PACS) were used as the upper and lower layers to successfully prepare a bilayer composite dressing for wound healing. The performance of bilayer dressing was evaluated. The lower layer (PACS) had uniform pore size distribution, good water retention, swelling, water vapor permeability, and biocompatibility while PACS had almost no antibacterial activity. The upper layer (Ag@MOF/CSNPs) possessed excellent antibacterial activity and poor biocompatibility. As the upper layer, it can avoid direct contact with the skin and inhibit microbial invasion. In addition, the bilayer can adhere to a large number of red blood cells and platelets, promoting blood coagulation and cell proliferation. Ag@MOF, CSNPs, Ag@MOF/CSNPs and bilayer showed antibacterial activity in ascending order, due to the synergistic antibacterial action of the upper and lower layer. In vivo evaluation showed that both bilayer and PACS could significantly accelerate the wound healing, and the bilayer dressing showed more complete re-epithelialization with less inflammatory cells. In summary, this new bilayer composite is an ideal dressing for accelerating wound healing. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Marine microplastics have received considerable attention as a global environmental issue. However, despite the constant accumulation of microplastics in the ocean, their transport processes and mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated microplastics in the sediments of seagrass meadows and nearby regions without seagrass along the Shandong coast and found that the sediment in the seagrass meadows was a sink for microplastics. Subsequently, we evaluated the influence of eelgrass (Zostera marina), a common coastal seagrass, on the sedimentation of suspended polystyrene microplastics. The results showed that 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/L eelgrass leaves decreased the abundance of microplastics in seawater in a dose-dependent manner over a period of 3-48 h under shaking conditions at 120 rpm at 22 °C. After 48 h of shaking, microplastic abundances in the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/L eelgrass groups significantly decreased by 46.9%, 53.1%, and 88.4%, respectively. Microplastics can adhere to eelgrass leaves and form biofilms, which promoted the formation of white floc that traps the suspended microplastics, causing them to sink. Furthermore, two epiphytic bacteria (Vibrio and Exiguobacterium) isolated from the eelgrass leaves decreased the abundances of suspended microplastics by 95.7% and 94.5%, respectively, in 48 h by accelerating the formation of biofilms on the microplastics. Therefore, eelgrass and its epiphytic bacteria facilitated the sinking of microplastics and increased the accumulation of microplastics in the sediments of seagrass meadows in coastal regions.

Vitellogenin (Vtg) is a biomarker for environmental estrogens, and its sensitive detection method is vital for the detection of weak estrogenic activity. This study aimed to develop sensitive electrochemical immunosensors for marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) Vtg based on novel nanomaterials. Firstly, Cu2O-BSA nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 120-150 nm was synthesized, and monoclonal antibody against lipovitellin (anti-Lv mAb) was prepared. Then two simple and efficient label-free immunosensors for the detection of Vtg were established using Cu2O-BSA NPs and gold nanoparticle (Au NPs) as signal amplification elements and anti-Lv mAb as the detection probe. These two immunosensors have good sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility for Vtg quantification, and are easy to use. Moreover, the BSA/Anti-Lv mAb/Au/Cu2O-BSA/GCE immunosensor exhibited a linear range from 0.128 to 5 x 10(4) pg/mL, with the lowest detection limit (LOD) of 0.09 pg/mL, which is considerably lower than those of the previously reported Vtg detection techniques. Finally, the performance of the immunosensor was evaluated by quantifying Vtg concentrations in plasma of male marine medaka exposed three estrogenic bisphenols. The results demonstrated that the BSA/Anti-Lv mAb/Au/Cu2O-BSA/GCE immunosensor was an easily-operated, ultrasensitive and accurate detection method for weak estrogenic activity.

The high salinity pesticide wastewater was generated during the production process of 2,6-Difluorobenzamide (DB), which would cause a severe environmental pollution problem. In this study, BP-A-C-BP style bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process was applied for the zero-liquid discharge of pesticide wastewater. The end point of BMED process, the effect of operational voltage, and initial concentration of base and acid were investigated. The membrane fouling analysis has further verified the feasibility of the BMED process on the recovery of DB from pesticide wastewater. The results indicated that when the operational voltage 30 V and initial concentration of acid and base 0.10 mol/L, 99% of Na2SO4 was removed and 97% of DB was recovered. The energy consumption and current efficiency of BMED process were 2.89 kWh/kg Na2SO4 and 79.82%, respectively. Thus, BMED was a suitable method for DB recovery and desalination of pesticide wastewater with the aim of zero discharge and resource recycling in industrial application.

In this study, electrodialysis mechanical vapor recompression (ED-MVR) coupling technics that could recycle the salt and the freshwater from the wastewater was put forward to treat the chemical wastewater with high salt.In order to make sure the economic feasibility of the ED-MVR coupling technics, the energy consumption was calculated by the theoretical model.Three parameters (the concentration of the feed, the concentration of the concentrated solution by ED, and the pressure of the evaporator) were researched to provide scientific guidance for the process optimization.In this work, the foremost factor found out during the analysis of energy consumption is the feed concentration which decides the scope of the ED-MVR process.When the concentration is lower than 12%, the technology reveals its advantages comparing with the stand-alone MVR process.At the same time, the energy consumption of the ED-MVR process decreases with the increase of the enrichment concentration.Also, the energy consumption of the MVR stage is influenced by the pressure of the evaporator.From the analysis, new thinking to deal with the chemical high-salt wastewater is provided by the ED-MVR coupling technics.

Recently, electrodialysis technology has received widespread attention in the fields of water resource utilization. The core of the electrodialysis technology is the structure and performance of the ion exchange membrane. This study uses the single variable method to investigate the effects of energy consumption, current efficiency, and other parameters of homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes, then by chemical analysis method and scientific numerical analysis to determine the best operating parameters for the electrodialysis process of different ion exchange membranes. The experimental results show that the current efficiencies of heterogeneous and homogeneous membrane can reach 0.9295 and 0.9577 respectively. The highest concentration in the concentration chamber by using heterogeneous and homogeneous membrane can reach 149.30 g/L, 191.24 g/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the structural stability of the two ion exchange membranes was compared by concentration experiment and system stability analysis. These experimental results indicated the direction of homogeneous and heterogeneous membrane in electrodialysis engineering.

Four different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based food packaging films (PVA/Ag@MOF, PVA/H2PYDC, PVA/Ag, PVA) were prepared by flow-casting method in order to analyze the feasibility of silver based organic framework (Ag@MOF) for food packaging. Their mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties, water barrier, antibacterial and cytotoxicity were studied. The results show that compared with PVA and PVA/H2PYDC films, the addition of Ag@MOF improves the mechanical properties of the films, and the maximum tensile strength of the films is increased to 36.21 MPa. Compared with PVA, PVA/H2PYDC and PVA/AgNPs films, the addition of Ag@MOF enhances the thermal stability of the films. Compared with PVA and PVA/H2PYDC films, the rigid structures of AgNPs and Ag@MOF prevent the diffusion of water and improve the performance of water resistance. The antibacterial activity of PVA/Ag@MOF membrane against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was much higher than that of AgNPs and H2PYDC composite films, and it had low cytotoxicity. Therefore, PVA/Ag@MOF film is a promising food packaging material, which can reduce the interference of environmental microorganisms on food with low cytotoxicity, and improve food safety and storage cycle.