This article is a continuation of the series of works devoted to determining the frequency of mutations associated with the development of common monogenic diseases among the representatives of the Russian population. The frequencies of mutations in the genes HFE , ATP7B , and MEFV in primary blood donors who identify themselves as Russians and permanently reside in the Russian Federation were established. The method of adjacent probes was used for SNP genotyping. Genotyping revealed 57 carriers of the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene, the most significant in the development of hemochromatosis type I (the frequency in the sample of 911 donors was 6.3%, or 1 : 16), and 18 carriers of the H1069Q mutation in the ATP7B gene, associated with the development of Wilson–Konovalov disease (the frequency in the sample of 1032 donors was 1.7%, or 1 : 57). A high frequency of the K695R mutation in the MEFV gene (the frequency in the sample of 1212 donors was 7.3%, or 1 : 14), associated with the development of familial Mediterranean fever, characterized by a mild phenotype and incomplete penetrance, was also established.

Uterine leiomyomas are a worrying reproductive health issue that has serious social implications. The aim of this study was to conduct a search for marker single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with uterine leiomyoma. To test the hypothesis about the contribution of genetic predisposition to the pathogenesis of myomas, the initial group of 100 patients with a verified diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma was divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup Ia (women with a family history of the disease) and subgroup 1b (women with no family history of the disease). The control group consisted of 30 postmenopausal patients who did not have a medical history of uterine fibroids and denied uterine fibroids in their close female relatives. DNA sequences were read using Sanger sequencing. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were discovered between the analyzed groups in terms of genotype frequencies for rs12637801 and rs12457644. Also, previously unknown protective SNPs were identified whose rare alleles could predict the reduced risk of uterine leiomyomas.

Миома матки является одной из важнейших социально значимых проблем женского репродуктивного здоровья. Целью исследования было найти маркерные однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы (SNP), ассоциированные с развитием миомы матки. Для проверки гипотезы о том, что наследственность играет важную роль в патогенезе миом, группу из 100 пациенток с подтвержденным диагнозом миомы матки разделили на две подгруппы: подгруппу Iа с отягощенным семейным анамнезом, подгруппу Iб с неотягощенным семейным анамнезом по миоме матки. Группа сравнения была сформирована из 30 пациенток (женщины в постменопаузе, не имевшие в анамнезе миому матки, отрицавшие наличие миом у ближайших родственниц). Первичную нуклеотидную последовательность определяли с помощью секвенирования по методу Сэнгера. Были выявлены статистически значимые (p < 0,05) различия между исследованными группами по частотам генотипов по rs12637801 и rs12457644. Впервые обнаружены «протективные» SNP, редкие аллели которых могут служить маркерами пониженного риска развития лейомиом матки.

Цель: оценка частоты гетерозиготного носительства мутаций в генах CFTR, PAH, GALT и GJB2 среди здоровых индивидов. Материалы и методы. В исследовании принимали участие 1000 доноров крови, проживающих в Москве и 1168 сотрудников ФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. В.И. Кулакова», проживающих в Москве и Московской области. У всех участников исследования отсутствовали клинические проявления наследственных заболеваний. Молекулярно-генетическое исследование образцов проводили путём анализа наиболее частых мутаций в генах CFTR, PAH, GALT и GJB2 с применением технологии real-time PCR Результаты. При генотипировании были выявлены 46 носителей мутаций в гене CFTR, 63 носителя мутаций в гене PAH, 12 носителей мутаций в гене GALT и 74 носителя мутации в гене GJB2. Кроме того, в 3 случаях было установлено сочетанное носительство мутаций: CFTR: F508del + GALT:Q188R; CFTR:dele2,3 (21kb) + GJB2:35delG; GJB2:35delG + GALT:Q188R. Выводы. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о высокой частоте носительства мутаций в исследуемых генах в обследованной выборке. Таким образом, имеются предпосылки для диагностики носительства мутаций, приводящих к наиболее частым аутосомно-рецессивным заболеваниям в популяции. Подобные исследования могут стать эффективным инструментом для профилактики наследственной патологии в семьях носителей мутаций. The study aim was to assess the frequency of heterozygous carriage of mutations in the CFTR, PAH, GALT, and GJB2 genes among healthy individuals. Materials and methods. The study involved 1000 blood donors living in Moscow and 1168 employees of the FSBI Research center for obstetrics gynecology and perinatology MOH Russia, living in Moscow and the Moscow region. All participants in the study did not have clinical manifestations of hereditary diseases. Molecular genetic studies of the samples were carried out by analyzing the most frequent mutations in the CFTR, PAH, GALT and GJB2 genes, using real-time PCR technology Results. 46 carriers of mutations in the CFTR gene, 63 carriers of mutations in the PAH gene, 12 carriers of mutations in the GALT ge ne and 74 carriers of mutations in the GJB2 gene were identified. In addition, in 3 cases, a combined carriage of mutations was found: CFTR: F508del + GALT: Q188R; CFTR: dele2.3 (21kb) + GJB2: 35delG; GJB2: 35delG + GALT: Q188R. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a fairly high level of carriage of the studied diseases. Thus, there are prerequisites and opportunities for diagnosing the carriage of the most common autosomal recessive diseases in the population. Such studies can be an effective tool for the prevention of hereditary pathologies and reduce the incidence of diseases.

The aim of the study was to determine the clinical and genetic features of the syndrome of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in cystic fibrosis (CF) children and the possible modifying effect of polymorphisms of connective tissue genes on the development of severe pathology of the bronchopulmonary system in CF cases. 188 patients with the moderate to severe course of СF, aged from 3 to 17 years were examined. In СF patients significant associations have been established between polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 3, the phenotypic signs of CTD and severe clinical signs of respiratory disorders.

The study aim was to assess the frequency of heterozygous carriage of mutations in the CFTR, PAH, GALT, and GJB2 genes among healthy individuals. Materials and methods. The study involved 1000 blood donors living in Moscow and 1168 employees of the FSBI Research center for obstetrics gynecology and perinatology MOH Russia, living in Moscow and the Moscow region. All participants in the study did not have clinical manifestations of hereditary diseases. Molecular genetic studies of the samples were carried out by analyzing the most frequent mutations in the CFTR, PAH, GALT and GJB2 genes, using real-time PCR technology Results. 46 carriers of mutations in the CFTR gene, 63 carriers of mutations in the PAH gene, 12 carriers of mutations in the GALT ge ne and 74 carriers of mutations in the GJB2 gene were identified. In addition, in 3 cases, a combined carriage of mutations was found: CFTR: F508del + GALT: Q188R; CFTR: dele2.3 (21kb) + GJB2: 35delG; GJB2: 35delG + GALT: Q188R. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a fairly high level of carriage of the studied diseases. Thus, there are prerequisites and opportunities for diagnosing the carriage of the most common autosomal recessive diseases in the population. Such studies can be an effective tool for the prevention of hereditary pathologies and reduce the incidence of diseases.

Цель: определение и анализ отношения женщин к прохождению скрининга на носительство мутаций в генах наиболее частых аутосомно-рецессивных заболеваний. Методы. Для исследования была разработана анкета, содержащая 11 вопросов, позволяющих оценить отношение женщин к различным видам диагностики. В анкетировании принимали участие 244 женщины фертильного возраста от 18-50 лет. Результаты. Желание пройти исследование на носительство перед зачатием изъявили 81,1% респондентов. 64,3% поддержали бы своего партнера при установлении у него статуса носительства и совместно обратились к врачу. Пройти пренатальную диагностику после установления статуса носительства у обоих партнеров хотели бы 60,7% респондентов. Выводы. В целом, женщины положительно отнеслись к возможности проведения исследования на носительство. Также было отмечено, что результаты исследования мало отразятся на отношениях в уже зарегистрированных браках. Purpose: the study aim was to determine and analyze woman’s attitude to carrier screening of the most common autosomal recessive diseases. Methods. For the study, a questionnaire was developed containing 11 questions to assess the attitude of women to various types of diagnostics. The survey involved 244 women of reproducrive age from 18 till 50 years. Results. 81.1% of respondents expressed a desire to undergo carrier screening before conception. 64.3% would support their partner when partner’s carrier status established and consulted with doctor together. 60.7% of respondents would like to undergo prenatal diagnostic after establishing the status of carriage in both partners. Conclusion. In general, women reacted positively to the possibility of passing carrier screening. It was also noted that the results of the screening will have low effect on the married couples.

Муковисцидоз (МВ) -одно из наиболее распространенных моногенных заболеваний человека.Определение частоты мутаций моногенного заболевания для конкретных популяций позволяет оптимизировать ДНК-диагностику, сократив ее себестоимость и время проведения.В статье представлены результаты ретроспективного исследования гена CFTR у 191 ребенка со смешенной формой МВ.Для определения 24 наиболее распространенных мутаций CFTR использовали диагностическую ПЦР-панель, а минорные варианты выявляли методом высокопроизводительного секвенирования.С помощью диагностической панели в выборке выявлено 18 типичных мутаций гена CFTR: F508del (с аллельной частотой 54,7%), dele 2,3 (21kb) (7,3%), 2143delT (3,4%), 2184insA (3,4%), 1677delTA (2,4%), N1303K (2,1%), 3849+10kbC>T (2,1%), E92K (2,1%), G542X (1,6%), W1282X (1,6%), S1196X (1,3%), R334W (1,0%), 394delTT(0,8%), 3944delGT (0,8%), 3821delT (0,5%), 2789+5G>A (0,5%), 621+1G>T(0,3%), 2183AA>G (0,3%).В результате секвенирования обнаружено 24 генетических варианта CFTR с потенциальной клинической значимостью.Обнаружено 8 минорных вариантов CFTR, до этого не отмеченных у пациентов в РФ, в том числе 4 новых мутации гена CFTR -p.Glu819Ter, p.Gln378Ter, p.Val1360Phefs и p.Lys1365Argfs.Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common monogenic disorders of humans.The knowledge of population frequency of a mutant genotype causing a monogenic disease helps to optimize DNA testing and to reduce its costs and time required for the procedure.This article presents the results of a retrospective study of the CFTR gene in 191 children with mixed manifestations of CF.To screen for 24 most common mutations, we used the diagnostic PCR panel; minor mutations were detected by next generation sequencing.The diagnostic panel allowed us to identify 18 typical CFTR mutations, including F508del (allelic frequency of 54.7%), dele 2,3 (21kb) (7.3%), 2143delT (3.4%), 2184insA (3.4%), 1677delTA (2.4%), N1303K (2.1%), 3849+10kbC>T (2.1%), E92K (2.1%), G542X (1.6%), W1282X (1.6%), S1196X (1.3%), R334W (1.0%), 394delTT(0.8%),3944delGT (0.8%), 3821delT (0.5%), 2789+5G>A (0.5%), 621+1G>T(0.3%), and 2183AA>G (0.3%).Sequencing revealed the presence of 24 potentially pathogenic CFTR variants in the sample.We also discovered 8 minor CFTR variants previously unseen in Russian patients with CF, including 4 new CFTR mutations: p.Glu819Ter, p.Gln378Ter, p.Val1360Phefs, and p.Lys1365Argfs.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common monogenic disorders of humans. The knowledge of population frequency of a mutant genotype causing a monogenic disease helps to optimize DNA testing and to reduce its costs and time required for the procedure. This article presents the results of a retrospective study of the CFTR gene in 191 children with mixed manifestations of CF. To screen for 24 most common mutations, we used the diagnostic PCR panel; minor mutations were detected by next generation sequencing. The diagnostic panel allowed us to identify 18 typical CFTR mutations, including F508del (allelic frequency of 54.7%), dele 2,3 (21kb) (7.3%), 2143delT (3.4%), 2184insA (3.4%), 1677delTA (2.4%), N1303K (2.1%), 3849+10kbC>T (2.1%), E92K (2.1%), G542X (1.6%), W1282X (1.6%), S1196X (1.3%), R334W (1.0%), 394delTT(0.8%), 3944delGT (0.8%), 3821delT (0.5%), 2789+5G>A (0.5%), 621+1G>T(0.3%), and 2183AA>G (0.3%). Sequencing revealed the presence of 24 potentially pathogenic CFTR variants in the sample. We also discovered 8 minor CFTR variants previously unseen in Russian patients with CF, including 4 new CFTR mutations: p.Glu819Ter, p.Gln378Ter, p.Val1360Phefs, and p.Lys1365Argfs.