Topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva is a small invasive cyprinid fish widely distributed across Eurasia, including Türkiye. Although extensive, the available cytogenetic data from Asian populations is confined to standard karyotyping. Here we present the first molecular cytogenetic characterization of P. parva by analyzing the population from the Sakarya spring (Eskişehir Province, Türkiye). The aim was to examine the chromosomal organization and distribution of selected repetitive DNA sequences and this way to provide novel insights into karyotype evolution within Gobionidae and evaluate the utility of cytogenetic markers for freshwater management of this invasive species. To that end, we combined conventional karyotyping, C-banding, fluorescent and silver-nitrate staining with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for tandemly repeated genes for ribosomal RNA (18S and 5S rDNA), small nuclear RNA (U1 and U2 snDNA), and telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequences. Analyzed individuals (N = 10) showed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 50 with the karyotype being composed of 18 metacentric, 26 submetacentric, and 6 subtelocentric chromosomes (FN = 94), and with constitutive heterochromatin confined to pericentromeric regions. Silver staining as well as Chromomycin A3 and 18S rDNA FISH probe revealed invariably a single pair of major 45S rDNA cluster on the short arms of the subtelocentric pair 23, with notable size heteromorphism between the homologs. 5S rDNA occupied (peri)centromeric regions of the submetacentric pair 10 and short arms of the subtelocentric pair 25, whereas the U1 and U2 snDNA clusters were co-localized on the short arms of subtelocentric pair 24. The telomeric probe marked chromosomal ends only. The Turkish P. parva population exhibits a conserved karyotype but the heterochromatin and repetitive DNA patterns allow to infer its closer relationship to European lineages. These findings provide new insights into Gobionidae genome organization and the chromosomal evolution and reveal the possible utility of cytogenetics in monitoring the dispersal of populations of invasive freshwater fishes.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, and despite the current therapeutics, patient survival remains unsatisfactory. Furthermore, due to the side effects of these traditional treatments (such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy), there is an urgent need for innovative strategies in the treatment of breast cancer. Green-synthesised nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most promising new approaches. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to describe the biofabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Betula pendula Roth leaf extract (Bp.E) and evaluate their selective biological effects on MCF-7 and MCF-12A cell lines. Methods: The purity, size, and shape of biosynthesized AgNPs with Bp.E were characterised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The selective anticancer potential of AgNPs was detected using the XTT assay. Results: The anticancer activity of nanoparticles containing aromatic (C]C, -CH) and plant-derived phenolic-OH groups and characterised as having a spherical structure with an average size of 32 nm was evaluated by the XTT method. The synthesised AgNPs exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 than Bp.E. Furthermore, the synthesised AgNPs were determined to show selective cytotoxic activity against cancer cells compared to healthy cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, the synthesised AgNPs represent a cost-effective and environmentally friendly biomaterial candidate, with clear potential for evaluation as an anticancer agent. Moreover, the findings will highlight further studies using various cancer cell lines and in vivo models of the therapeutic potential and safety of this biomaterial.

Soil is one of the most important factors that directly affects the growth and development of plants and determines productivity in agricultural production. The aim of this study, conducted on an area of 1700.44 ha within the boundaries of Mersin-Erdemli district, is to determine distribution of different soil series and to evaluate their suitability for lemon cultivation and to provide necessary improvement recommendations to enhance soil fertility. 68.1%of the study area consists of lemon, 5.5% pasture, 4.9% forest and the remaining 21.5% non-agricultural land. After field observations and examination of topographic, geological and land use situations, 8 soil profile pits were opened and 7 of them were determined to be different. Soils were defined and classified according to the analysis results of soil samples taken from each profile on the basis of genetic horizon and soil taxonomy. The soils were placed in 3 ordos, 4 subordos, 4 major groups and 7 subgroups. 3 of them were classified as Entisol, 3 as Inceptisol and 1 as Mollisol due to their young soil characteristics. Within the research ar ea; the Zeytinlik series (7.33%) has the smallest area, while the Kargicak series (27.92%) has the largest spread area. Alata series soils present challenges for lemon cultivation due to high groundwater levels and inadequate drainage. Therefore, improving drainage systems and controlling the groundwater level in these soils is essential. The Kargıcak series, on the other hand, provides ideal conditions for lemon plant in terms of pH and organic matter content; however, attention should be given to soil depth when establishing orchards in this series. The Menderes, Ahpaçbahşiş, Zeytinlik, Barbaros, and Eskiköy series soils can become more suitable and productive for lemon cultivation by addressing negative factors such as pH, organic matter content, and stoniness.

Rheum ribes L. (rhubarb) is a valuable plant that is consumed raw and cooked and contains important secondary metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the chemical profile and biological activities of different extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of aerial parts and roots of R. ribes. Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties were examined for biological activities. The antioxidant properties were examined by various chemical tests, including free radical scavenging (2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), reducing the ability (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power), metal chelation and phosphomolybdenum. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was investigated against cholinesterase, amylase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase. In addition, the total amounts of phenolics and flavonoids in each extract were detected by spectrophotometric methods. The chemical compounds of the extracts were identified using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry technique. The extraction solvents changed the total phenolics and flavonoids content, and the highest total phenolics contents of both parts were found in the methanol extract (root: 140.97 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g; aerial parts: 74.56 mg GAE/g). In the chemical profile, it was found that hesperidin is the main component in the extracts of the aerial part (613.48-12194.83 µg/g of extract), while in the root extracts, the dominant components are catechin (799.11-3230.44 µg/g extract) and gallic acid was (184.03-960.58 µg/g extract). The methanol extract of the roots provided the best radical scavenging and reducing ability. In contrast, the methanol extract of the aerial parts had the greatest metal chelating ability (62.05 mg ethylenediaminetetraacetate equivalent/g). The best acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase abilities were determined in the methanol extracts of both parts. However, the ethyl acetate extracts were the most active on amylase. Our results suggest that R. ribes can be considered a valuable source of bioactive compounds for developing health-promoting applications.

INTRODUCTION:Türkiye houses rich freshwater ichthyofauna with many endemic species. This diversity, however, poses taxonomic challenges and leads to ongoing re-evaluations of various fish genera and species. Here, we sought to analyze the karyotype and other chromosomal characteristics of the newly erected monotypic genus Turcichondrostoma to produce and validate cytogenetic markers potentially informative for future comparative studies. METHODS:We examined an endemic species Turcichondrostoma fahirae (Tefenni nase) using conventional karyotyping and chromosome banding procedures (C-, fluorescent, and silver-nitrate banding/staining), as well as chromosomal mapping of 5S/18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), U1/U2 small nuclear DNA (snDNA), and telomeric repeats. RESULTS:A diploid chromosome number (2n) of T. fahirae was 50, consistent with conservative leuciscid pattern. The karyotype was composed of 12 metacentric, 22 submetacentric, 10 subtelocentric, and 6 acrocentric chromosomes. Low amount of constitutive heterochromatin was distributed almost exclusively across the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes, with the most prominent C-bands being placed on a single chromosome pair carrying nucleolar organizer region (NOR). NORs (visualized consistently by silver-nitrate staining, chromomycin A3, and fluorescence in situ hybridization) exhibited marked size heteromorphism and were adjacent to a more centromere-proximal 5S rDNA site on the long arm. Additional 5S rDNA clusters occupied short arms of four acrocentric chromosomes, and another single subtelocentric pair carried a single co-localized U1/U2 snDNA site. No interstitial telomeric sequences were detected. CONCLUSION:We performed a pioneer molecular cytogenetic study in Turkish freshwater fish species and our data suggest that molecular cytogenetic markers will aid in future taxonomic comparisons. Our findings further corroborate conserved karyotype structure of leuciscid fishes in general.

This study compares Tevfik Fikret’s Haluk’s Notebook (Haluk’un Defteri) with Mehmet Akif Ersoy’s Asım, analyzing the differing approaches of two distinct worldviews to concepts such as youth, morality, and modernization. Tevfik Fikret elevates the Western understanding of science and progress, asserting that modernization can only be achieved by embracing the West. Haluk’s Notebook presents a secular and scientific youth model through the figure of a father who believes his son’s Western education will enlighten society. In contrast, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, in Asım, advocates for an ideal of youth that adopts only the science of the West while remaining faithful to Islamic ethics and national values. Both works reflect the societal transformation processes of their time, offering different perspectives on modernization and moral values. This article examines the intellectual debates and literary approaches of the era through the youth ideals presented by Tevfik Fikret and Mehmet Akif Ersoy. Keywords: Tevfik Fikret, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Haluk’un Defteri, Asım, Youth ideal, Modernization, Westernization, Islamic ethics

This study aims to investigate the prevalence, clinical correlates, and prognostic implications of fragmented QRS complexes (fQRS) in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), shedding light on the potential role of electrocardiographic markers in identifying cardiac involvement in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Patients with PE and age-matched low-risk control patients were recruited at a tertiary hospital between January 2015 and January 2023. A comprehensive assessment, including heart rate, PR duration, QRS duration, corrected QT duration, and fragmented QRS, was conducted by 12-lead electrocardiography. Baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and electrocardiographic findings were compared between the study groups. 128 preeclampsia patients and 122 age- and comorbidity-matched controls were included in the study. The prevalence of fQRS was significantly higher in preeclamptic women compared to normotensive controls (14.1

Background and Objectives: This study aims to compare the neuromuscular structure of the vagina in women with posterior vaginal wall prolapse with the neuromuscular structure of the vagina in women without prolapse, to determine the difference, and to demonstrate the role of neuromuscular structure in the physiopathology of prolapse. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, women aged between 40 and 75 years who had not undergone any vaginal surgery and had not undergone any abdominal prolapse surgery were included. Thirty-one women diagnosed with rectocele on examination were included in the study group. Thirty-one patients who underwent vaginal intervention and hysterectomy for reasons other than rectocele (colposcopy, conization, etc.) without anterior or posterior wall prolapse were included in the control group. Biopsy material was obtained from the epithelium of the posterior wall of the vagina, including the fascia that fits the Ap point. Immunohistochemical staining with Protein Gene Product 9.5 and smooth muscle α-actin was performed in the pathology laboratory. The epithelial thickness measurement and smooth muscle density parameters obtained with these immunohistochemical stainings were compared between the two groups. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 23 package program. p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In the control group, muscle thickness and the number of nerves per mm2 of fascia were statistically significantly higher than in the study group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We found that smooth muscle tissue and the number of nerves per mm2 of fascia were decreased in posterior vaginal wall prolapse compared to the general population. Based on the correlation coefficients, age was the parameter that most affected the degree of prolapse, followed by parity, number of live births, and number of vaginal deliveries.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic diseases in which the body has problems with the use or production of glucose, the main source of energy for metabolism. This condition can affect the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, potentially leading to chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels). The present study investigated the effects of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed extract on various biochemical parameters and pancreas weight in Wistar rats with experimental diabetes. Methods: The study consisted of five groups of rats: control, diabetic, and treated (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg extract). To induce diabetes in rats, Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered through intraperitoneal injection (35 mg/kg). The rats were orally given water-soluble extracts at the indicated quantities once daily for four weeks. Venous blood was collected from the animals via heart puncture, after which the animals were sacrificed. Biochemical parameters, including blood glucose, were measured using an autoanalyzer. Results: In diabetic rats, there was a significant increase in serum glucose concentration (p<0.05). However, treatment with soybean resulted in a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the elevated glucose concentration in the treated diabetic rats. It is noteworthy that the glucose concentrations were still significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the control group. Biochemical parameters, including urea, AST, SGPT/ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol, were lower in the treated groups than in the diabetic control group and were considered significant (p<0.05). Moreover, it was observed that the HDL-cholesterol parameter was significantly higher than that of the diabetic control group (p<0.05), while the creatinine parameter was not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that soybean treatment may have a positive impact on certain biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. These findings are consistent with previous reports on the health benefits of soybean. It can be inferred that G. max may have a hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and could potentially mitigate the complications of diabetes mellitus.

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is an important medicinal plant due to its composition of several bioactive substances, high antioxidant activity, rich inulin content and produces functional food ingredients. Complementary alternative medicine therapies become more popular for cancer treatments because of higher efficiency, lower cost and minimum side effects. This study reported anti -cancer efficiency of both shell and tuber extract of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) on different breast cell lines with the purpose of discovering new alternative medicine therapies. Cytotoxic effects of JA were evaluated by XTT method by using different concentrations on different incubation times (24h, 48h and 72h). Invasion, adhesion and apoptotic studies were performed with IC50 values for 48h and 72h. JA extracts do not show cytotoxic activity on healthy human breast cell, while they induce tumoral cell death with dose and timedependent manner. The most effective doses of tuber and shell extracts were 108.8 mu M and 134.2 mu M at 48h and 20 mu M ve 5 mu M at 72h, respectively. It demonstrated robust anti -metastatic activity on MCF-7 cell lines because it inhibited adhesion, and invasion, significantly. TMRE and AnnexinV/7AAD staining were used for determine to mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear morphology, respectively The results were found consistent with each other. Overall, this paper which first in literature demonstrates the anti -cancer efficacy of the JA both tuber and shell extract which can be proposed as a potent candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.

Günümüzde gelişen teknolojiye bağlı olarak oluşturulan toprak veri tabanları ve toprağın değişken parametrelerinin alansal dağılım haritaları ile toprak özelliklerinin değişimi konusunda etkili veri ve bilgi akışı sağlanarak, üreticiyi doğru zaman ve alanda etkili miktarda girdi ile harekete geçirecek ve planlama konusunda yönlendirecek bir karar verme mekanizmasının oluşturulmasına imkan sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, mısır yetiştiriciliği yapılan 61.5 dekar sulu tarım arazisinde ekim öncesi ve hasat sonrasında toprakların temel besin elementlerinden olan toplam azot (N), alınabilir fosfor (Pal) ve alınabilir potasyum (Kal) içeriklerinin alansal dağılımlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 63 örnekleme noktasından 0-30 cm derinlikten topraklar alınmıştır ve 5 farklı enterpolasyon yöntemi karşılaştırılarak en iyi dağılımı veren yönteme göre toplam N, Pal ve Kal’ın alansal dağılım haritaları hazırlanmıştır. FAO sınıflandırmasına göre, toprakların toplam N içeriği, hem ekim öncesi hem de hasat sonrası yeterli düzeyde, ekim öncesi az düzeyde olan Pal içeriği, hasat sonrası yeterli düzeyde bulunmuştur. Ekim öncesi alanın %53.97’ sinde yeterli düzeyde, %46.03’ ünde fazla düzeyde, hasat sonrası ise alanın %38.10’unda yeterli, %61.90’ında fazla düzeyde toprakların Kal içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, çalışma alanında özellikle sürdürülebilir toprak yönetim planlaması yapılabilmesi için söz konusu toprak özelliklerinin değişimi ve bitki istekleri dikkate alınarak etkili ve doğru bir gübreleme programı hazırlanmalıdır.

Still most lung cancer patients present with a late-stage disease at the time of diagnosis. This holds true for NSCLC and SCLC patients alike. The recently developed approach for the analysis of cell-free nucleic acids, i.e. liquid profiling, has gained more acceptance especially in follow-up and therapy monitoring studies. We aimed to find out whether the quantification of cell-free circulating methylated plasma DNA is a useful method for the therapy monitoring of patients treated with different therapy regimens. In our study we analyzed 96 NSCLC and 42 SCLC patients. Blood samples were obtained before start of therapy and during the therapy until the point of first re-staging. The cell-free plasma DNA was quantified for the amount of methylated SHOX2 and PTGER4 genes. While for NSCLC patients the baseline values for mPTGER4 and mSHOX2 did not allow for clear discrimination between different response groups, the combination of the methylation values for both genes showed a clear difference between responders vs. non-responders at the time of re-staging. For SCLC patients the baseline values of mPTGER4 and mSHOX2 did not show a statistical significant difference between response groups but at time of re-staging, both markers were considerably lower in patients with partial remission as compared with patients demonstrating a stable and progressive disease. These findings demonstrate that the quantification of free-circulating methylated plasma DNA could be a valuable tool to monitor the response of late stage NSCLC and SCLC patients undergoing systemic treatment regimens.

Amaç: Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus, insülin direnci ve/veya insülin eksikliği veya yetersizliği durumunda yüksek kan şekeri ile karakterize metabolik bir hastalıktır. Wnt/β-katenin sinyal yolu, tüm fizyolojik süreçlerde rol oynar. Yoldaki herhangi bir kusur diyabetin gelişmesine neden olur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, deneysel Tip 2 diyabetik sıçanlarda üzüm çekirdeği ekstresinin (GSE) vücut ağırlığı, kan şekeri ve β-katenin geni ekspresyonu üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sıçanlar Kontrol, Diyabetik Kontrol ve Tedavi grupları (100, 200, 400 mg/kg GSE) olmak üzere beş gruba ayrıldı. Diyabet ve tedavi gruplarındaki ratlara yüksek yağlı diyet ve düşük doz streptozotosin (35 mg/ kg) verildi. Deney süresince sıçanların vücut ağırlıkları haftalık olarak kaydedildi. Suda çözünen ekstraktlar dört hafta boyunca gavaj yoluyla uygulandı ve çalışmada tedavi sonunda hayvanlardan alınan karaciğer, pankreas ve kan örnekleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: GSE tedavisinin diyabete bağlı genel kilo kaybı üzerine etkisinin minimal olduğu, 100 ve 400 mg/kg GSE dozlarının kan şekerini düşürdüğü gözlendi (p<0,05). β-katenin gen ekspresyonu sonuçlarına göre karaciğer dokusu (p>0,05) ve pankreas dokusu (p<0,05) açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu. Öneri: Elde edilen bulgulara göre üzüm çekirdeği diyabetin tedavisinde umut verici olabilir.

Bu çalışma, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında çakılı olarak yürütülmüş olup; buğday hasadından sonra ikinci ürün soya yetiştiriciliğinde, uygulanan farklı toprak işleme ve ekim yöntemlerinin T1: Geleneksel (Pulluk+goble diskaro+tapan+ekim makinası), T2: Azaltılmış (kombine rototil-çizel-merdaneli dişli tırmık+ekim makinası), T3: Azaltılmış (Goble diskaro+tapan+ekim makinası), T4: Anızlı sırta doğrudan ekim ve T5: Anıza doğrudan ekim toprağın bazı fiziksel özellikleri ile bitki çıkış parametrelerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, birinci ve ikinci yıl 0-10 ve 10-20 cm toprak derinliğinde en düşük toprak hacim ağırlığı değeri geleneksel toprak işleme ve ekim yöntemi (T1) uygulamasında elde edilirken, en yüksek toprak hacim ağırlığı değeri anıza doğrudan ekim (T5) uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. Toprak penetrasyon direnci değerleri, her iki yılda hacim ağırlığı değerleri ile pozitif bir korelasyon ilişki göstermiştir. Farklı toprak işleme ve ekim yöntemleri, ortalama çimlenme süresinin birinci yıl 4.87-5.14 gün, ikinci yıl 4.23-5.08 gün arasında değişmesine neden olmuştur. Ayrıca, her iki yıl için en yüksek tarla filiz çıkış derecesi sırasıyla % 91.18, % 94.95 olarak T4 toprak işleme ve ekim yöntemi uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, tarla filiz çıkış derecesini artıran anızlı sırta doğrudan ekim (T4) yönteminin ikinci ürün soya yetiştiriciliğinde üreticilere önerilebileceğini göstermiştir.

The liquorice tribe Glycyrrhizeae is a leguminous herbaceous group of plants comprised of the genera Glycyrrhiza and Glycyrrhizopsis. Some Glycyrrhiza taxa contain glycyrrhizin, a pharmacologically significant sweet substance that also has applications in crafting industrial materials. Here, we utilized an expanded taxon sampling of Glycyrrhizeae to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships in the tribe based on genome skimming data, including whole chloroplast genomes, nuclear ribosomal DNA, and low-copy nuclear DNA. We also launched machine learning analysis (MLA) for one species pair with controversial taxonomic boundary. The integrated results indicated Glycyrrhizopsis should be split from Glycyrrhiza, while the former genus Meristotropis should be treated as part of Glycyrrhiza. Glycyrrhizopsis includes two species, Glycyrrhizopsis asymmetrica and Glycyrrhizopsis flavescens, and we recognize 13 species in Glycyrrhiza: Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa, Glycyrrhiza astragalina, Glycyrrhiza bucharica, Glycyrrhiza echinata, Glycyrrhiza foetida, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza gontscharovii, Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Glycyrrhiza macedonica, Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora, Glycyrrhiza squamulosa, Glycyrrhiza triphylla, and Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis. We propose a broader G. glabra that includes former Glycyrrhiza aspera, G. glabra s.s., Glycyrrhiza inflata, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and represents the glycyrrhizin-contained medicinal group. Our ancestral state inferences show the ancestor of Glycyrrhiza lacked glycyrrhizin, and the presence of glycyrrhizin evolved twice within Glycyrrhiza during the last one million years. Our integrative phylogenomics-MLA study not only provides new insights into long-standing taxonomic controversies of Glycyrrhizeae, but also represents a useful approach for future taxonomic studies on other plant taxa.

Besides traditional methods based on morphological characters, electrophoretic methods such as SDS-PAGE are preferred by taxonomists to make the right decision in the species identification process. In addition, the effect of environmental factors, such as pH, salinity, heat, and temperature on protein profiles are essential in various studies. In this study, we aimed to determine the degree of relationship in some fish species, such as Squalius lepidus, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio, Pseudophoxinus anatolicus, Tinca tinca, Alburnus orontis, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Capoeta capoeta, Vimba vimba, Sander lucioperca living in Beyşehir, Suğla lakes and Apa Dam by SDS-PAGE method, and to examine seasonal differences by evaluating the effect of hot/cold water on protein profiles in fish. Although there were common major protein bands in all fish species studied, the presence of species-specific minor protein bands led to the separation of the species. The same fish species distributed in different lakes and dams were different both in minor bands, and changes in protein profiles were observed consequently on the same fish species synthesizing different proteins in different seasons. The data obtained from this study can contribute to systematic classification studies of fish.

Silicon (Si) nutrition mediates many metabolic processes and stress responses. Here, we investigated the effect of Si on sodium (Na) transporters at the molecular level against salinity stress in apple plant. An apple plant (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. 'Fuji' grafted onto MM106 clonal rootstock was chosen for the experiment. Up until the start of the experiment, all plants were irrigated with tap water, and 1 month later (in April) plants were watered with 35 mM NaCl solution. At 2 months following salt stress, three different calcium silicate (CaSiO3) doses (0.5, 1 and 2 mM) were applied twice at a 1-month interval (in June and July) to plant rhizosphere (roots) as solution, except control. Control plants were not treated with CaSiO3 and the plants were watered with NaCl solution. At 1 and 4 months following the salinity (short- and long-term salt stress, respectively), expression levels of SOS1 and NHX1 were determined. Under both short- and long-term salinity, expression levels of SOS1 and NHX1 genes increased compared to control. In summary, Si treatment may mitigate salt stress damage by mediating Na+ transport in Malus species.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare genetic ciliopathy characterized by impaired clearance of the airway, leading to recurrent airway infections and various pulmonary conditions. The underlying cause of PCD is complex and involves diverse mechanisms. On one hand, advancements in genetic analysis techniques have significantly contributed to identifying the mutated genes associated with PCD, which in turn, can aid in understanding the variable clinical presentations of the disease. On the other hand, based on the mutated gene, disease manifestation may change and this makes it more challenging to establish a standardized diagnosis approach. Hence, it is important to approach it with a comprehensive perspective. In this study, 8 Turkish individuals with PCD were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis, as well as other diagnostic tests such as ciliary beat frequency measurement, immunofluorescence staining (IF), and confocal microscopy. The findings from this study not only contribute to the enlightenment of PCD aetiology but also emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach when diagnosing and understanding this complex genetic disorder.

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is an important medicinal plant due to its composition of several bioactive substances, high antioxidant activity, rich inulin content and produces functional food ingredients. Complementary alternative medicine therapies become more popular for cancer treatments because of higher efficiency, lower cost and minimum side effects. This study reported anti-cancer efficiency of both shell and tuber extract of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) on different breast cell lines with the purpose of discovering new alternative medicine therapies. Cytotoxic effects of JA were evaluated by XTT method by using different concentrations on different incubation times (24h, 48h and 72h). Invasion, adhesion and apoptotic studies were performed with IC50 values for 48h and 72h. JA extracts do not show cytotoxic activity on healthy human breast cell, while they induce tumoral cell death with dose and time-dependent manner. The most effective doses of tuber and shell extracts were 108.8 µM and 134.2 µM at 48h and 20 µM ve 5 µM at 72h, respectively. It demonstrated robust anti-metastatic activity on MCF-7 cell lines because it inhibited adhesion, and invasion, significantly. TMRE and AnnexinV/7AAD staining were used for determine to mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear morphology, respectively The results were found consistent with each other. Overall, this paper which first in literature demonstrates the anti-cancer efficacy of the JA both tuber and shell extract which can be proposed as a potent candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.