NeuLAND (New Large-Area Neutron Detector) is the next-generation neutron detector for the (RB)-B-3 (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) experiment at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research). NeuLAND detects neutrons with energies from 100 to 1000 MeV, featuring a high detection efficiency, a high spatial and time resolution, and a large multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency. This is achieved by a highly granular design of organic scintillators: 3000 individual submodules with a size of 5 x 5 x 250 cm(3) are arranged in 30 double planes with 100 submodules each, providing an active area of 250 x 250 cm(2) and a total depth of 3 m. The spatial resolution due to the granularity together with a time resolution of sigma(t) <= 150 ps ensures highresolution capabilities. In conjunction with calorimetric properties, a multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency of 50% to 70% for four-neutron events will be achieved, depending on both the emission scenario and the boundary conditions allowed for the reconstruction method. We present in this paper the final design of the detector as well as results from test measurements and simulations on which this design is based.

In Grossu et al. (2012) we presented a Chaos Many-Body Engine (CMBE) toy-model for chaos analysis of relativistic nuclear collisions at 4.5 A GeV/c (the SKM 200 collaboration) which was later extended to Cu+Cu collisions at the maximum RHIC-BNL energy. Inspired by existing quark billiards, the main goal of this work was extending CMBE to partons. Thus, we first implemented a confinement algorithm founded on some intuitive assumptions (Grossu et al., 2016): (1) the system can be decomposed into a set of two or three-body quark white clusters; (2) the bi-particle force is limited to the domain of each cluster; (3) the physical solution conforms to the minimum potential energy requirement. Color conservation was also treated as part of the reactions logic module. As an example of use, we proposed a toy-model for p+p collisions at root s = 10 GeV and we compared it with HIJING. Another direction of interest was related to retarded interactions. Following this purpose, we implemented an Euler retarded algorithm and we tested it on a simple two-body system with attractive inverse-square-law force. In this particular test case we noticed the interesting fact that the Virial coefficient is sub-unitary and reaches the expected value (one) as the interaction speed approaches infinity. On the other hand, the time reverse functionality implemented in CMBE v03 could be used together with retardation for analyzing the Loschmidt paradox. Regarding the application design, it is important to mention the code was refactored to SOLID. In this context, we have also written more than one hundred unit and integration tests, which represent an important indicator of application logic validity. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The NeuRad neutron detector is constructed out of scintillation fibers and is aimed on measuring the neutron heavy fragment angular correlations from exotic neutron decays. The results of the first test of NeuRad prototype timing properties are presented in this report. The EXPERT (EXotic Particle Emission and Radioactivity by Tracking) is a part of the physics program of the Super-FRS Experiment Collaboration [1]. The EXPERT experiments are aimed at studies of the unknown exotic nuclear systems beyond the proton and neutron drip-lines. These experiments will use the first half of the Super-FRS as a radioactive beam separator and its second half as a high-resolution spectrometer. NeuRad detector will provide precise information on angular correlations between nuclear-decay neutrons and the charged decay products measured by the rest of EXPERT setup. An information on angular correlations will be used to determine the decay energy of the precursor, its life time and mode of the decay. The detector is designed in order to provide sufficient detection efficiency and fine position resolution for neutrons at expected energies about 200-800 MeV interacting with the material of fibers, in particular, via elastic scattering. The detector will be constructed of scintillating fibers (≈ 10 units) with 3x3 mm cross section and the length of 1 m each, which will be grouped into bundles. Two multianode PMT’s will be mounted on each side of bundle, each side of fiber will be read out by one pixel. Bundles will be oriented along beam axis meaning that the frontal PMT will be penetrated by neutrons. The detector will be placed at distance of ≈ 30 m from the focal plane FRF1. Such setup will ensure total angular acceptance of the detector up to ±6 mrad which reflects low transfer momentum, corresponding to the decay energy expected at the range of 0.1-100 keV. One of the significant NeuRad characteristics is the time resolution. The first neutron hit has to be determined in order to distinguish between one multi-scattered neutron and the event with multiple neutrons. The longitudinal (z) position, which enhances angular resolution, will be extracted from the time difference between the signals collected on both sides of the detector. In order to obtain required angular resolution, a position resolution about 6 cm is needed. This corresponds to the time-uncertainty of ∼ 0.5 ns. Test measurements of timing characteristics has been performed

The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process flow and r-process beta-decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will offer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes.

Following the goal of improving the relativistic nuclear collisions toy-model proposed in Grossu et al. (2014), we added support for massless particles in all "Many-Body", "High Precision", and "Reactions" modules of the Chaos Many-Body Engine application. In this context, we discuss a first CMBE-HIJING comparative study on nuclear collisions at the maximum BNL energy. As a new high precision example of use, we implemented a 50 decimals precision simulation of a bound system composed by two massless particles with gravitational potential.New version program summaryProgram title: Chaos Many-Body Engine v06Catalogue identifier: AEGH_v6_0Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEGH_v6_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL)No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1087674No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 46861801Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: C# 4.0Computer: PCOperating system: Net Framework 4.0 running on MS WindowsRAM: 128 MBClassification: 2460.Lz, 05.45.aCatalogue identifier of previous version: AEGH_v5_0Journal reference of previous version: Computer Physics Communications 185 (2014) 3059Does the new version supersede the previous version?: YesNature of problem: Treatment of massless particles in simulations of relativistic many-body systems.Solution method: Relativistic many-body OOP engine, including a reactions module.Reasons for new version:1. Adding support for massless particles in CMBE simulations of relativistic many-body systems with reactions. Summary of revisions:1. Treatment of massless particles in all CMBE modules: Many-Body Engine, High Precision Framework and Reactions Engine.2. Simulations\Collider: Addition of some reactions with photons to the existing toy-model for chaos analysis of relativistic nuclear collisions at present BNL energies.3. HighPrecision\Massless Particles: Implementation of a new high precision example of use (a bound system composed by 2-massless particles with gravitational potential).4. Help\Options: CMBE options (e.g. the high precision maximum number of decimals).5. GUI improvements (e.g. implementation of a new user control for high precision numbers I/O).

In this paper we present a new version of Chaos Many-Body Engine (CMBE) Grossu et al. (2014) [1]. Inspired by the Mean Free Path concept, we implemented a new parameter, namely the "Mean Free Time", which is defined as the mean time between one particle's creation and its stimulated decay. This new parameter should be understood as an effect of the nuclear environment and, as opposed to the particle lifetime, it has the advantage of not being affected by the relativistic dilation. In [2] we presented a toy-model for chaos analysis of relativistic nuclear collisions at 4.5 A GeV/c (the SKM 200 collaboration). In this work, we extended our model to 200 A GeV (the maximum BNL energy).ew version program summaryProgram title: Chaos Many-Body Engine v05Catalogue identifier: AEGH_v5_0Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEGH_v5_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL)No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 638984No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 15918340Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: Visual C#.Net 2010Computer: PCOperating system:.Net Framework 4.0 running on MS WindowsRAM: 128 MBClassification: 24.60.Lz, 05.45.aCatalogue identifier of previous version: AEGH_v4_0Journal reference of previous version: Computer Physics Communications 185 (2014) 1339Does the new version supersede the previous version?: YesNature of problem: Toy-model for relativistic nuclear collisions at present BNL energies.Solution method: Relativistic many-body OOP engine, including a reactions module.

This work presents a new version of a Visual Basic 6.0 application for estimating the fractal dimension of images and 3D objects (Grossu et al. (2010) [1]). The program was extended for working with four-dimensional objects stored in comma separated values files. This might be of interest in biomedicine, for analyzing the evolution in time of three-dimensional images.New version program summaryProgram title: Hyper-Fractal Analysis (Fractal Analysis v03)Catalogue identifier: AEEG_v3_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEEG_v3_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Standard CPC license, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.htmlNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 745761No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 12544491Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: MS Visual Basic 6.0Computer: PCOperating system: MS Windows 98 or laterRAM: 100MClassification: 14Catalogue identifier of previous version: AEEG_v2_0Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 181 (2010) 831–832Does the new version supersede the previous version? YesNature of problem: Estimating the fractal dimension of 4D images.Solution method: Optimized implementation of the 4D box-counting algorithm.Reasons for new version: Inspired by existing applications of 3D fractals in biomedicine [3], we extended the optimized version of the box-counting algorithm [1, 2] to the four-dimensional case. This might be of interest in analyzing the evolution in time of 3D images.Summary of revisions:1.The box-counting algorithm was extended in order to support 4D objects, stored in comma separated values files.2.A new form was added for generating 2D, 3D, and 4D test data.Additional comments:1.The application was tested on 4D objects with known dimension, e.g. the Sierpinski hypertetrahedron gasket, Df=ln(5)/ln(2) (Fig. 1).2.The algorithm could be extended, with minimum effort, to higher number of dimensions.3.Easy integration with other applications by using the very simple comma separated values file format for storing multi-dimensional images.4.Implementation of χ2 test as a criterion for deciding whether an object is fractal or not.5.User friendly graphical interface.Fig. 1Hyper-Fractal Analysis–Test on the Sierpinski hypertetrahedron 4D gasket (Df=ln(5)/ln(2)≅2.32).Running time: In a first approximation, the algorithm is linear [2].References:[1] V. Grossu, D. Felea, C. Besliu, Al. Jipa, C.C. Bordeianu, E. Stan, T. Esanu, Computer Physics Communications, 181 (2010) 831–832.[2] I.V. Grossu, C. Besliu, M.V. Rusu, Al. Jipa, C. C. Bordeianu, D. Felea, Computer Physics Communications, 180 (2009) 1999–2001.[3] J. Ruiz de Miras, J. Navas, P. Villoslada, F.J. Esteban, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 104 Issue 3 (2011) 452–460.

In this paper we present a new version of the Chaos Many-Body Engine C# application (Grossu et al. 2012 [1]). In order to benefit from the latest technological advantages, we migrated the application from .Net Framework 2.0 to .Net Framework 4.0. New tools were implemented also. Trying to estimate the particle interactions dependence on initial conditions, we considered a new distance, which takes into account only the structural differences between two systems. We used this distance for implementing the "Structural Lyapunov" function. We propose also a new precision test based on temporal reversed simulations.New version program summaryProgram title: Chaos Many-Body Engine v03Catalogue identifier: AEGH_v3_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEGH_v3_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.htmlNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 214429No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 9512380Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: Visual C# .Net 2010Computer: PCOperating system:.Net Framework 4.0 running on MS WindowsRAM: 128 MBClassification: 24.60.Lz, 05.45.aCatalogue identifier of previous version: AEGH_v2_0Journal reference of previous version: Computer Physics Communications 183 (2012) 1055-1059Does the new version supersede the previous version?: YesNature of problem: Chaos analysis of three-dimensional, relativistic many-body systems with reactions.Solution method: Second order Runge Kutta algorithm. Implementation of temporal reversed simulation precision test, and "Structural Lyapunov" function.Reasons for new version:1. In order to benefit from the advantages involved in the latest technologies (e.g. LINQ Queries [2]), Chaos Many-Body Engine was migrated from Net Framework 2.0 to .Net Framework 4.0.2. In addition to existing energy conservation assessment [3], we propose also a reverse simulation precision test. Thus, for a regular simulation, we considered the corresponding reversed process: initial time equals the end time of regular simulation, and temporal resolution dt < 0. One can compare the initial state of the regular system, and the final state of the reversed one (t = 0) using, for example, the phase-space distance.3. Trying to measure particle interactions dependence on initial conditions, we considered the following distance, which takes into account only the structure differences between two many-body systems with reactions:d(s) = root Sigma(n)(i=1)(N-i1 - N-i2)(2) (1)where N-i1 represents the number of particles of type "i" from the first system, and N-i2 is the corresponding number for the second system. We sum over all particle types.Inspired by the Lyapunov Exponent method [4], we implemented the evolution in time of the "Structural Lyapunov" function, for two identical systems with slightly different initial conditions:L-s(t) = ln d(s)(t)/d(s)(0) (2)Summary of revisions:1. Migration from .Net Framework 2.0 to .Net Framework 4.02. Implementation of new chaos analysis tools:a. Reverse simulation precision testb. "Structural Lyapunov" function.Additional comments:1. In [1] we applied the Chaos Many-Body Engine to some nuclear relativistic collisions at 4.5 A GeV/c (SKM 200 collaboration [5,6]). We considered also some first tests on He + He head-on collisions at 1 A TeV/c (choose the Simulation\Collision menu, and set the appropriate parameters Fig. 1). However, in this case, more complex reaction schemas should be considered. Further investigation on higher energies is currently in progress.[GRAPHICS]Restrictions: The reverse simulation precision test does not apply for: systems with reactions, parallel simulations, and Monte Carlo simulations.Running time: quadratic complexity. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

On the basis of experimental results obtained in the BRAHMS Collaboration, we studied correlations between physical quantities that can offer information on the formation of new phases of the highly excited and dense nuclear matter. The main types of correlations investigated are those between rapidity and transverse momentum, net charge and rapidity, respectively.

In this work we give an attempt to introduce a temporal scale for nuclear collisions inspired by the Hubble cosmology and check it for Au+Au collisions at energies of 200 GeV/nucleon characteristic to BRAHMS Collaboration. We also give some correlations with different phenomena.

This work presents a new Microsoft Visual C# .NET code library, conceived as a general object oriented solution for chaos analysis of three-dimensional, relativistic many-body systems. In this context, we implemented the Lyapunov exponent and the "fragmentation level" (defined using the graph theory and the Shannon entropy). Inspired by existing studies on billiard nuclear models and clusters of galaxies, we tried to apply the virial theorem for a simplified many-body system composed by nucleons. A possible application of the "virial coefficient" to the stability analysis of chaotic systems is also discussed.

The ratio of the yields of antiprotons to protons in pp collisions has been measured by the ALICE experiment at sqrt[s]=0.9 and 7 TeV during the initial running periods of the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement covers the transverse momentum interval 0.45<p_{t}<1.05  GeV/c and rapidity |y|<0.5. The ratio is measured to be R_{|y|<0.5}=0.957±0.006(stat)±0.014(syst) at 0.9 TeV and R_{|y|<0.5}=0.991±0.005(stat)±0.014(syst) at 7 TeV and it is independent of both rapidity and transverse momentum. The results are consistent with the conventional model of baryon-number transport and set stringent limits on any additional contributions to baryon-number transfer over very large rapidity intervals in pp collisions.

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 mu m in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10(5) charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off.

We analyze on a simple classical billiard system the onset of chaotical behaviour in different dynamical states. A classical version of the "nuclear billiard" with a 2D deep Woods-Saxon potential is used. We take into account the coupling between the single-particle and the collective degrees of freedom in the presence of dissipation for several vibrational multipolarities. For the considered oscillation modes an increasing divergence of the nucleonic trajectories from the adiabatic to the resonance regime was observed. Also, a peculiar case of intermittency is reached in the vicinity of the resonance, for the monopole case. We examine the order-to-chaos transition by performing several types of qualitative analysis including sensitive dependence on the initial conditions, single-particle phase space maps, fractal dimensions of Poincare maps and autocorrelation functions.

Recent experimental results on the possible formation of the quark-gluon plasma in Au-Au collisions at the maximum energy of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) from the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), USA, opened the discussions on the possibility to use notions, phenomena and specific parameters from the Plasma Physics in the description of the quark-gluon plasma, trying to exceed the differences between the different nature of the basic interactions in the two types of states of the matter. The present work is such attempt. We discuss the possibility to describe the observed quark-gluon plasma at the RHIC maximum energy, supposed in liquid phase, using the parameters for dusty plasmas, strongly coupled plasmas, mainly Coulomb parameter and different wave lengths. The analogies lead at the idea that there are the common behaviours of the parameters sustaining the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in liquid state.

The results obtained by studying the charge topology of fragments produced in the peripheral dissociation of relativistic 8B nuclei in emulsion are presented. Fifty-five events of the peripheral dissociation of a 8B nucleus in events where there was no production of target-nucleus fragments and mesons (“white stars”) were selected. A leading contribution of the 8B → 7Be + p mode, which has the lowest energy threshold, was revealed on the basis of these events. Information about the branching ratios for dissociation modes characterized by a higher multiplicity was obtained. The dissociation of the 7Be core in 8B bears resemblance to the dissociation of a free 7Be nucleus. The transverse-momentum distributions of fragments originating from the 8B → 7Be + p dissociation mode were obtained. For these distributions, a small mean value of 〈P*T〉 = 52 ± 5 MeV/c in the c.m. frame suggests a low binding energy of the outer proton in the 8B nucleus. An indication of a strong azimuthal correlation of the fragments 7Be and p was found.

The results of investigation of the fragmentation of relativistic nuclei 9 Be in an emulsion, which is accompanied by the formation of two 1.2- A -GeV He fragments, are presented. The angular measurements of the 9 Be → 2He events are analyzed. The 9 Be → 8 Be + n fragmentation channel with the decay of 8 Be from the ground (0 + ) and first excited (2 + ) states into a pair of α particles appears to be dominant.