The effective detection of human thermal radiation (8-14 µm) was critical for next-generation human-machine interactions (HMIs). However, conventional mid-infrared sensors were typically constrained by external power requirements and limited capability in decoding complex multimodal signals. Here, we developed a bio-inspired, self-powered thermoelectric skin based on a V2C MXene@CsPbBr3 heterostructure. By combining the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of V2C MXene with the photothermoelectric effect (PTE) of perovskite, efficient photothermal conversion and self-driven signal generation within the atmospheric window were achieved. The platform supported multimodal signal processing, including gesture recognition, Morse code encryption, and real-time motion tracking (velocity and displacement). In addition, ultrasensitive, bias-free detection of human pulse signals (66-100 bpm) was enabled, and high responsivity, excellent operational stability (>10 000 cycles), and precise capture of subtle physiological dynamics were demonstrated. Furthermore, this skin integrated with a CNN-bidirectional long short-term memory-attention neural network realized silent speech recognition with 95.9% accuracy. This work established a synergistic LSPR-PTE framework, offering a scalable strategy for intelligent electronic skins and contactless HMIs.

A spherical micro/nanocomposite filler comprising primarily NH₄ZnPO₄ and Ce(PO₄) hybrid crystals (SNCZP) was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method to increase the corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy (WEP) coatings. The effects of the cerium acetate (Ce(AC)3) concentration on the microstructure, phase composition, and chemical bonding of SNCZP hybrid pigments were investigated via SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, and XPS. Their physical barrier and inhibitory properties were systematically evaluated via potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), EIS, SVET, and LEIS. The results revealed that granular Ce(PO₄) crystals adhered to the flaky NH₄ZnPO₄ surface, with a denser distribution at higher Ce(AC)3 concentrations. Electrochemical tests revealed that the Icorr value of the SNCZP-pretreated substrate, which stabilized at 1.05 × 10−8 A·cm−2 after 168 h of immersion, was 73.28% lower than that of the SNZP-pretreated sample. Surface SEM images revealed microcracks in all the WEP coatings, and the distribution first became denser and then sparser with increasing Ce(PO₄) content. The cross-sectional morphologies indicated a uniform coating thickness, suitable interfacial adhesion, and no obvious defects, but the pinhole diameter and density increased at higher Ce(PO₄) contents. Compared with their SNZP-doped counterparts (0.29–3.72 × 109 Ω·cm2), the SNCZP-doped coatings maintained significantly higher Rct values (3.28–8.83 × 109 Ω·cm2) at the mid-late immersion stage. Artificial scratch tests verified the self-healing ability of the SNCZP-doped coatings, demonstrating the synergistic effect of chemical passivation and physical barriers in mitigating localized corrosion at defects. This study comprehensively revealed the corrosion protection mechanisms of nanofillers in WEP coatings, highlighting their synergistic role in enhancing coating durability and substrate preservation.

This study utilizes Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technology, employing Trimethylgallium (TMG) and Ozone (O3) as precursors to fabricate Ga2O3 thin films. To enhance the crystallinity of the films, the effects of seed layers and annealing processes on the Ga2O3 thin films were investigated. High-quality (3-Ga2O3 thin films were successfully grown on sapphire substrates. Experimental results indicate that directly depositing Ga2O3 on sapphire substrates did not yield satisfactory (3-Ga2O3 films. To improve the crystallinity, a Ga2O3 seed layer was prepared on the sapphire substrate, and high-temperature annealing was employed to promote crystallization of the Ga2O3 seed layer, providing artificial nucleation sites for subsequent thin film deposition. The influence of the annealing temperature and seed layer thickness on the quality of the secondary Ga2O3 films was also studied. It was found that a seed layer with a thickness of 16.5 nm, followed by annealing at 1000 degrees C, resulted in Ga2O3 films with optimal crystallinity. After the deposition of the thin film, post-deposition annealing was performed to investigate the effects of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of the Ga2O3 films. The results show that with increasing annealing temperature, the optical band gap of the films enlarged, the proportion of high-valence gallium increased, and the crystallinity improved. Thus, it can be concluded that optimized annealing conditions lead to higher quality Ga2O3 films. The optical band gap of the Ga2O3 film treated with 30 min of annealing reached its maximum value of approximately 5.24 eV. Under a 5 V bias, the photocurrent was 1.9 x 10_4 A, the dark current was 4.9 x 10_ 7 A, and the photo-dark ratio was 388, which showed significant improvement compared to the as-deposited sample. At a 10 V bias, the device's response time (tau x) was 0.3 s, and its decay time (tau d) was 0.28 s.

A high-performance pigment with dual active/barrier protective properties based on a flower-like ammonium zinc phosphate (FNZP) nanofiller was synthesized through a coprecipitation method to increase the anticorrosion of WEP coating. The effects of the NH4H2(PO4) concentration on the microstructural morphology, phase composition and chemical bonding states of the as-prepared pigment were investigated via SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and XPS. Furthermore, the corrosion protection was estimated by PDP and EIS measurements. The results showed the pigment mainly contained NH4Zn(PO4) crystals with densely stacked micro/ nano lamellae at NH4H2(PO4) concentrations above 30 g. The Ecorr of the substrate pretreated with the FNZP-30 extract presented a distinct positive shift, accompanied by a significant reduction in the Icorr. Notably, its impedance modulus reached approximately 4.13 x 105 S2 cm2, which was nearly an order of magnitude greater than that of the untreated substrate. Furthermore, the epoxy coating doped with FNZP-30 manifested an initial impedance modulus as high as 6.94 x 1010 S2 cm2 during the early immersion stage, and the modulus remained stable at 4.84 x 108 S2 cm2 even after 120 days of immersion, demonstrating exceptional long-term corrosion protection performance. The corresponding corrosion protection mechanism of the FNZP nanofiller incorporated in the WEP coating is thoroughly discussed in this paper.

ABSTRACT A nano‐TiO 2 /ZnO co‐doped micro‐arc oxidation coating (M‐Ti/Zn) was fabricated on AZ91D magnesium alloy to address rapid corrosion, poor biocompatibility, and infection risk of biodegradable implants. The M‐Ti/Zn coating exhibited the densest structure (porosity 4.866%), highest nanoparticle content (Ti 2.3%, Zn 3.1%), and superior corrosion resistance (electrochemical impedance 1.3 × 10 5 Ω·cm 2 , stable pH 7.5–8.0 over 90 days). It achieved 99.99% antibacterial rate against E. coli and S. aureus , a hemolysis rate of 4.3% (ISO10993‐4 compliant), and 110.3% osteoblast viability. Additionally, it showed the highest hardness and best wear resistance. This multifunctional coating offers excellent corrosion resistance, antibacterial property, biocompatibility, and mechanical integrity, showing great promise for biodegradable medical implants.

Both fretting and sliding tribocorrosion can be encountered by Nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) during practical applications. In this study, a self-developed ball-on-flat tribocorrosion tester was employed to investigate the effect of aqueous temperature on the tribocorrosion behaviors of NAB alloy in purified water and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results reveal that under both fretting and sliding conditions, increasing temperature facilitates a decrease in the coefficient of friction. However, the wear rate exhibits distinct trends: it gradually increases with rising temperature under fretting, whereas under sliding it first decreases and then increases. Electrochemical measurements reveal that rising temperature accelerates corrosion kinetics under both fretting and sliding conditions; however, the degradation in corrosion resistance is more severe under sliding (95.13%) than under fretting (80.79%) as temperature increases from 0 degrees C to 70 degrees C, indicating a stronger tribocorrosion synergy in sliding mode. SEM and XPS analyses reveal that under fretting, the worn surfaces are dominated by spalling, delamination, and cracking, while sliding induces severe plastic deformation, plowing, and grooving; XPS further confirms that increasing temperature promotes the formation of CuO and complex chlorine-containing corrosion products (e.g., Cu2(OH)3Cl), which significantly influence the tribocorrosion mechanisms.

Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is a powerful strategy for ultrasensitive detection but its practical application remains limited by pronounced background quenching and imprecise spatial control. In this work, a robust solid-state fluorescence platform based on porous polymer microspheres decorated with silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide (6Hdc/GO/AgNP@PM) was developed for selective analyte discrimination. The substrate was fabricated via microsphere polymerization combined with in situ reduction and probe self-assembly, enabling precise spatial confinement within a 3D framework. The resulting architecture generated an ultralow background via FRET and facilitated target-specific "turn-on" pathways-chemical reduction and competitive displacementleading to strongly amplified MEF signals. Under optimized conditions, the platform exhibited ultralow detection limits of 10-9 M for ascorbic acid and 10- 7 M for dopamine. Moreover, the distinct interfacial interactions of the proposed substrate were validated by temperature-dependent photoluminescence, revealing anomalous negative thermal quenching. These results indicate that the 6Hdc/GO/AgNP@PM substrate provides a reliable and sensitive platform for mechanistic discrimination, showing potential for practical applications in advanced diagnostics.

Rapid preconcentration of trace psychoactive substances remains challenging due to severe matrix interference and mass-transfer limitations in complex wastewater samples. Herein, a MIL-88A/GO-NH2 composite was fabricated via a water-based self-assembly strategy followed by rapid plasma amination. The incorporation of 1 mol% graphene oxide (GO) effectively suppressed MIL-88A agglomeration, and modulated the pore structure, while -NHS functionalization enhanced interfacial affinity toward target analytes. The composite was further integrated into a flexible cellulosic scaffold to construct a flow-through solid-phase extraction (FT-SPE) platform. By converting diffusion-limited transport into forced-convection mass transfer, the platform achieves rapid extraction kinetics, high recoveries (83-101%), and notable enrichment factors (20.8-25.3) for six psychoactive analytes in wastewater, with limits of detection and quantification ranging from 2.9 to 14.6 ng/L and 9.7-48.7 ng/L, respectively. This work establishes a robust and integrated strategy for high-throughput environmental and forensic analysis of trace contaminants.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique for ultrasensitive detection; however, its practical application is often limited by poor substrate stability and insufficient signal reproducibility. In this work, a robust three-dimensional (3D) SERS substrate based on macroporous polymer microspheres decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP@PM) was developed for trace-level analysis. The substrate was fabricated via atom transfer radical polymerization combined with a solution-phase deposition method, enabling Ag nanoparticle loading within a confined polymer framework. The resulting 3D architecture generated a high density of electromagnetic hotspots and facilitated analyte enrichment through surface functional groups, leading to enhanced and reproducible SERS signals. Under optimized conditions, the AgNP@PM substrate exhibited an enhancement factor of 1.2 & times; 1011 and an ultralow detection limit of 5.0 & times; 10-13 M for Rhodamine 6G. Excellent signal reproducibility and long-term stability were achieved, with a relative standard deviation of 8.97% after 180 days of storage. Importantly, the analytical applicability of the proposed substrate was demonstrated by the direct, label-free detection of beta-estradiol and testosterone in serum samples at nanomolar concentrations (5.0 & times; 10-9 M). These results indicate that the AgNP@PM substrate provides a reliable and sensitive SERS platform for hormone analysis in complex biological matrices, showing potential for practical applications in bioanalysis and food safety.

The AZ91D magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer exhibits numerous pits and microcracks, which provide channels for the penetration of corrosive media. This study utilizes the micro-arc oxidation method to form a ceramic layer containing phosphate groups on the magnesium alloy surface by adding different concentrations of trisodium phosphate. The optimal concentration of trisodium phosphate is investigated. The morphology, structure, and elemental composition of the ceramic layer were studied, along with electrochemical testing, immersion testing, and hemolysis rate testing. The results indicate that an appropriate addition of phosphate can reduce the area and number of pits, enhance the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy, and the hemolysis rate remains within a reasonable range. The mechanism behind these effects is also explained.

Nano-TiO₂-ZnO composite dispersions were prepared by dispersant dispersing method and adjusting pH, and the dispersions were added to the micro-arc oxidation electrolyte, and the micro-arc oxidized ceramic film layer containing nano-TiO2 and ZnO was prepared on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The addition concentration of the dispersion was explored, and through the characterization and performance tests, we concluded that the densification, contact angle, hardness, salt solution corrosion resistance, UV corrosion resistance, SBF corrosion resistance, and antimicrobial properties of the film layer were optimized and enhanced to different degrees when the addition amount was 5 g/l.

In this work, a novel micro/nanoscale filler with a spherical structure, consisting primarily of NH4ZnPO4 and Ce(PO4) crystals (SNCZP), was successfully prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method. The synergistic effects of NH4+/Ce3+ co-precipitation on the morphological evolution, crystalline characteristics, and phase composition were systematically investigated via SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and XPS, respectively. Furthermore, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were employed to evaluate the physical barrier and inhibitive capacity of the as-obtained pigments. Electrochemical evaluations revealed that the Al substrate pretreated with SNCZP extract exhibited a significant cathodic shift in corrosion potential, accompanied by a distinct reduction in corrosion current density. Notably, the SNCZP-doped waterborne epoxy (WEP) coating demonstrated superior long-term corrosion protection performance: it maintained an initial impedance modulus as high as 2.65 x 10(10) Omega cm(2) during the early immersion stage (similar to 7 days) and retained exceptional stability at 3.88 x 10(9) Omega cm(2) even after 56 days of immersion. This value remained approximately one order of magnitude greater than that of the spherical zinc phosphate (SZP) doped coating throughout the soaking period. Furthermore, the artificial scratch test further confirmed the self-repair capability of the SNCZP-doped epoxy coating, demonstrating the synergistic effect of chemical passivation and physical barrier protection in mitigating localized corrosion at defect sites. Finally, this study presented a comprehensive investigation into the corrosion protection mechanisms of nanofillers within WEP coatings, elucidating their synergistic effects in enhancing coating durability and substrate preservation.

The von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations in energy efficiency and processing speed, driving the exploration of neuromorphic systems inspired by biological synapses. Here, a photonic synapse (PS) based on a CsPbBr3@ZnO composite material (CZCM) was fabricated using optical vapor supersaturated precipitation and in-situ growth techniques. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the structural integrity and interactions within the CZCM. The CZCM PS exhibits tunable optoelectronic properties and can emulate various synaptic functions, including excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). Defect-induced charge trapping and oxygen chemisorption dynamics were identified as critical factors influencing photoconductivity decay and plasticity retention. This study paves the way for the future development of brain-inspired optoelectronic systems for simulating neuromorphic functions.

The Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technique is regarded as an effective method for fabricating high-quality Ga2O3 thin films. Trimethyl gallium (TMG), with its high vapor pressure at room temperature (227 Torr), is widely utilized as a gallium precursor in this technique. For oxygen precursors, common choices include O3 and O2 plasma. However, the impact of H2O as an oxygen precursor on Ga2O3 thin films during Thermal Atomic Layer Deposition (TALD) remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates the temperature window and growth characteristics of Ga2O3 thin films, deposited using TMG and H2O as precursors, on sapphire substrates within the temperature range of 250-500 degrees C. At 250 degrees C, deposited Ga2O3 films exhibit an amorphous structure, whereas within the 300-500 degrees C substrate temperature range, they transition to the alpha-phase. The half-peak width (FWHM) narrows as the temperature increases, with characteristic peaks of the (0006) facets shifting to higher angles at 500 degrees C. STEM analysis reveals complete coherence between alpha-Ga2O3 films and the sapphire substrate, indicating a pseudo-crystalline structure formation. The growth rate of the films at 450 degrees C is 0.083 & Aring;/cycle. Ga2O3 films prepared with H2O as the oxygen precursor exhibit Ga-rich properties, with (Ga + Al)/O atomic ratios between 0.88 and 0.91 across the 250-500 degrees C temperature range. The films' roughness (Ra) ranges from 0.453 to 0.646 nm. Island-like particles form on the film surface within the 400-500 degrees C range, smoothing out as the temperature rises. The film's band gap peaks at 5.50 eV at 450 degrees C. The reaction of TMG with H2O on sapphire substrates yields Ga2O3 films and CH4 by-products, akin to the trimethylaluminum process.

Sticker-type transparent antireflective film (STAF) is applied to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to reduce the reflection and improve the light-trapping ability of PSCs. However, the development of STAF is hindered by many factors, such as expensive materials, low actual service life, unsatisfactory antireflective effect, and a lack of research on stability. This work proposes an ultraviolet (UV)-resistant enhanced sticker-type nanostructure acrylic resin antireflective film (SNAAF), which is applied to the incident surface of PSCs. SNAAF is prepared by using a cleverly designed two-step peeling transfer process. The average reflectance of the related device is reduced by 4.06% through the entire visible light spectrum, which also helps achieve the champion performance of the PSCs with STAF. The excellent antireflection performance increases power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 20.77% to 22.1% owing to the significantly enhanced short-circuit current density by 5.5% with the SNAAF. Additionally, the target device maintains nearly 80% of its initial PCE after 480 h of irradiation with UV light (365 nm), far exceeding the exposure levels in IEC 61215. Moreover, the designed SNAAF is applicable to large-area Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells (area: 225 cm2), which develops a practical external engineering strategy for optimizing device performance for different types of commercial solar cells.

To address the issues of poor corrosion resistance and poor biocompatibility faced by magnesium alloys in bone implants, ceramic layers doped with different concentrations of strontium are developed on AZ91D magnesium alloy substrates using a one‐step microarc oxidation technique. Subsequently, the composition and morphology of the coating are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Corrosion resistance is evaluated in simulated body fluid via electrochemical testing. The antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of the coating are characterized through antibacterial experiments, hemolysis experiments, and cell proliferation experiments. The results show that the coating possesses a rough porous structure, mainly composed of MgO, Mg 2 SiO 4 , and Mg phases. Electrochemical test results show that the corrosion resistance of the prepared strontium‐containing coating is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional coatings. Antibacterial experiments show that strontium‐containing coatings have good antibacterial properties. Finally, in cell proliferation experiments, strontium‐containing coatings exhibit superior biocompatibility compared to magnesium substrates and conventional microarc oxidation coatings, the cell proliferation rate remains at 154.86% after 120 h of culture.

The construction of heterojunctions in all-inorganic perovskites is crucial for boosting the charge carrier transport and thermal stability, which are essential for advancing high-performance optoelectronic devices. In this work, a broadband self-powered CsPbBr3@ZnO tubular heterojunction (CZTH) photodetector (PD) was fabricated using optical vapor supersaturated precipitation and in-situ solution methods. The CZTH PD exhibited an outstanding performance with an impressive responsivity of 232.98 A/W and an exceptional detectivity of 5.6 x 10(13) cm center dot Hz(1/2)/W at bias of -10 V. Under self-powered conditions, the CZTH PD exhibited a large responsivity of 600 mA/W, a high detectivity of 1.44 x 10(11) cm center dot Hz(1/2)/W, and an ultrafast response time. Moreover, the CZTH PD maintained > 99 % of its original performance after a 10 min irradiation test. Owing to its exceptional performance and stability, the CZTH PD was highly suitable for operation under specific switching frequencies and in optical logic gate "OR" and "AND" circuits. This study paves the way for the future development and application of self-powered, highly sensitive, and responsive broadband CZTH PDs.

The synthesis of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films has predominantly utilized ozone (O3) or O2 plasma as oxygen sources. However, the impact of H2O as an oxygen precursor on the properties of Ga2O3 films has not been extensively explored. In this study, we employ thermal atomic layer deposition (T-ALD) with trimethylgallium (TMG) and water (H2O) as precursors to systematically investigate the growth characteristics of Ga2O3 films on sapphire substrates at a constant temperature of 450 degrees C. The H2O pulse duration is varied between 0.1 and 0.5 s. Our results reveal that the Ga2O3 films exhibit the alpha-phase when the H2O pulse duration ranges from 0.1 to 0.3 s. As the H2O pulse duration increases, the films undergo a transition to an amorphous structure, accompanied by the formation of significant oxygen vacancies. The maximum film roughness of 0.531 nm is observed at a pulse duration of 0.2 s, while the highest bandgap of 5.53 eV is achieved at a pulse duration of 0.3 s. Under ultraviolet illumination with a power intensity of 224 mu W/cm2, the solar-blind ultraviolet detector demonstrates a photocurrent of 4.7 x 10_ 7 A, a dark current of 4.2 x 10_9 A, and a maximum on/off ratio of 112, with a responsivity of 0.6 mA/W. The device exhibits a response time (tau r) of 0.08 s and a decay time (tau d) of 5.20 s at a bias voltage of 5 V, along with persistent photoconductivity (PPC).

Due to their excellent specific strength and lightweight characteristics, Al-Cu-Li alloys are widely used in aerospace applications. The newly developed three-stage creep aging (CA) process ensures both the formability and high performance of the Al alloy. However, research at the atomic scale investigating the relationship between the microstructure and performance of ternary alloys under intricate heat treatment conditions remains scarce. This study investigates the microstructural evolution of Al-Cu-Li alloys during multi-stage low-high-low temperature CA experiments, combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the neuroevolutionary machine learning potential (NEP) function. The simulation results indicate that the segregation state of lithium atoms at low temperatures is unstable and cannot persist at elevated temperatures. As the aging temperature in the second stage increases, the segregation of lithium atoms gradually diminishes. However, the low-temperature aging in the third stage facilitates continued atomic segregation, although the recovery is somewhat limited. Additionally, it was observed that high-temperature aging in the second stage reduces the material’s performance, while the low-temperature aging in the third stage contributes to the recovery of its properties. The experimental results indicate that the degree of precipitation phase enrichment decreases with the increase in temperature during the second stage but slightly increases with the low-temperature aging in the third stage. The excellent agreement between the experimental and simulation results validates the reliability of the MD simulations, providing a valuable reference for the performance enhancement and microstructural optimization of Al-Cu-Li alloys.