Flexible pressure sensors, as core devices in the field of flexible electronics, exhibit great potential for applications in wearable health monitoring, intelligent robotics, and human-machine interaction. This huge application potential is attributed to their excellent mechanical flexibility, conformability, and real-time response capabilities. However, during performance optimization, these sensors encounter a critical bottleneck, namely the inherent trade-off between high sensitivity and a wide detection range: High sensitivity typically relies on microstructures or interfaces with low stiffness that are prone to deformation, yet these are susceptible to structural saturation or damage under elevated pressures (>10 kPa). Conversely, a wide detection range requires the sensor to possess high structural robustness and resistance to deformation, which often results in weak signal responses in the low-pressure regime. To overcome this challenge, this review systematically elaborates on the root causes of this inherent trade-off, which makes it challenging to achieve high sensitivity and a wide detection range simultaneously. It primarily highlights various innovative strategies proposed in recent years to address this issue through microstructural design, including conventional microstructures, nanofiber microstructures, biomimetic microstructures, and synergistic microstructures. Finally, future research directions are outlined to provide theoretical guidance and technical references for developing next-generation high-performance flexible pressure sensors.

Adhesive flexible bioelectronics represent an important role in the field of bioelectronic medicine. For example, it can not only be used to monitor electrophysiological signals to diagnose neurological diseases, but also to treat neurological diseases or promote wound healing through electrical stimulation. The current review of adhesive flexible bioelectronics only focuses on conductive hydrogel adhesive. In fact, in addition to the conductive hydrogel adhesive used to enhance the adhesion between flexible bioelectronics and tissues, polymer elastomer substrates with adhesion and hydrogel adhesives are employed as the substrate of flexible electronics, endowing flexible electronics with adhesion to tissue. In this paper, polymer elastomer with adhesion as the substrate of bioelectronics, the hydrogel adhesive as the substrate, and the conductive hydrogel adhesive as the bioelectronics are discussed. respectively. Among them, the strategies for endowing polymer elastomers with adhesion include constructing micro nano structures and modifying hydrophilic groups; the hydrogel adhesive as substrates does not need to consider the conductivity and swelling because it only needs to adjust adhesion and swelling performance, and cannot be used for transmission signal; conductive hydrogel adhesive as flexible bioelectronics not only needs to regulate adhesion, but also enhance conductivity, swell resistance, achieve anti-adhesion, and self-healing properties. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of adhesive flexible bioelectronics are considered.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation offers a sustainable route to alleviating global agricultural water scarcity, yet intrinsic energetic barriers at the gas-liquid interface limit its practical efficiency. Here, we report an electrospun nonwoven nanofibrous hydrogel fabric that combines textile-like flexibility in the dry state with hydrogel functionality upon hydration. By synergizing the nanoscale interfacial compartmentalization of the fabric architecture with the molecular-level regulation of functional groups, this material effectively disrupts long-range cooperative hydrogen-bonding networks, transforming bulk-like water into less-associated, more volatile water states. Crucially, we reveal a counterintuitive seawater-induced activation mechanism, in which sodium ions trigger an ion-exchange process that expands the polymer network and exposes hidden active sites. This dynamic activation delivers an exceptional salt-enhanced evaporation rate of 2.92 kg m-2 h-1 for a 2D planar evaporator in natural seawater under 1 sun illumination. Validated through large-area fabrication and winter field trials for greenhouse crop irrigation, this scalable architecture provides a robust, decentralized strategy for global agricultural water security.

Widespread FQs contamination threatens ecosystems and human health, requiring effective detection. Herein, A stable Eu-MOF (Eu-BDC-Phen) with enhanced fluorescence (the PLQY up to 36.73%) was synthesized via a dual-ligand strategy. Owing to the synergistic "dual-antenna" effect of the two ligands (Na2BDC as the primary ligand, 1,10-Phen as the secondary ligand). Based on the enhanced luminescence and regulated pore structure, the Eu-BDC-Phen exhibits a universal and highly sensitive fluorescence quenching effect for three kinds of FQs (ENR, OFLX, CIP) via a combined mechanism of the IFE, dynamic quenching, and PET. Low detection limits (2.92, 9.35 and 4.32 nM) and broad linear ranges (0.1-100, 0.1-120, and 0.1-100 μM) were obtained. More importantly, compared with the standard HPLC-MS method, the Eu-BDC-Phen fluorescent sensor exhibited higher reliability. Excellent recovery rates (96.02-110.25%) and reproducibility (RSD < 5.47%) demonstrated that Eu-BDC-Phen can be utilized as a novel, convenient, and robust probe for routine food safety monitoring.

Soft actuators with controllable responsiveness have wide application prospects in human-machine interfaces and intelligent robotics. However, the increasing integration and multi-functionality inevitably accumulate heat and radiate electromagnetic waves in electron components, detrimental to device service life and human health. Herein, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)-based composites with excellent thermal conductivity (TC) and superior electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE) are prepared by layered dispersion of polyamide epichlorohydrin modified graphene nanosheets (pGNPs) within silver nanoparticles deposited CNFs through electrostatic self-assembly via vacuum filtration. The subsequent hot-pressing forms densely interconnected pGNPs within the CNFs-based composites with "mimosa"-like ordered layered architectures, showing a TC of 150.6 W/(m K) and an EMI SE of 75 dB. By integrating the CNFs-based composites with outstanding Joule heating performance into liquid crystal elastomers, smart curtains and intelligent grabbers are yield with a bending angle of 82° under a voltage of 3 V. Furthermore, the CNFs-based composite with an excellent conductivity (9.8 × 103 S m-1) is used as an electrode to construct triboelectric nanogenerators for transmitting information through Morse code. Overall, the as-prepared CNFs-based composites can be used to prolong the life of actuators and sensors, paving the way for multi-functional wearable terminals and biomimetic actuators.

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have been intensively studied as a promising candidate for artificial muscle. However, their high voltage requirements and vulnerability to external damage limit their widespread application and long-term service life. Herein, a novel polydimethylsiloxane with reversible imine and disulfide bonds is synthesized to develop an integral self-healing DEA (ISDEA), where both the dielectric film and compliant electrodes possess self-healing capabilities. Because the effective diffusion of self-healing polydimethylsiloxane chains along the interface between the dielectric film and the compliant electrodes, the ISDEA achieves a robust interface with a bonding force of 4.12 N, resulting in an integral self-healing efficiency of more than 92.1 % after mechanical damage. Furthermore, a triboelectric nanogenerator is used to drive the ISDEA, resulting in a self-powered ISDEA system that not only ensures safe operation but also prevents the electrical breakdown of the ISDEA. The self-powered ISDEA is then combined with a spring to create a roll-type finger rehabilitation trainer that can be used as motion-assisted soft robots for spinal muscular atrophy patients. The presented ISDEA provides guidance not only for the artificial muscles that mimic natural muscles but also for future intelligent integrated devices.

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), regarded as artificial muscles, are used as actuators or sensors in artificial visual systems, haptic equipment, and human‐robot interaction. However, their inherent vulnerability related to mechanical damage and electrical breakdown seriously limits their safe and long‐term service. Herein, a healable dielectric elastomer (PHT‐ZnS:Cu) is acquired for premature breakdown warning by synthesising a healable poly(dimethylsiloxane) based on reversible imine bonding and hydrogen bonding and subsequent incorporation of electroluminescent ZnS:Cu particles. Moreover, LiTFSI ionic liquids are introduced into the healable poly(dimethylsiloxane) to prepare a transparent healable compliant electrode (PHT‐IL) that does not obscure the light emission of PHT‐ZnS:Cu dielectric elastomer. Then, an integral healable DEA (ISDEA) with an excellent interfacial interaction is constructed by coating two sides of PHT‐ZnS:Cu with PHT‐IL. The optimized ISDEA displays an actuated strain of 17.0% at 15 kV mm −1 with a healing efficiency of 91.9%. The integrated ISDEAs are used as soft anti‐counterfeiting labels and soft intelligent keyboards for information transmission, encryption, and human‐machine interaction, showing prospective applications in the realm of data leakage prevention and personal privacy protection.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify key targets of Saikosaponin A (SSA) in treating osteosarcoma (OS) using network pharmacology and transcriptomics, and to develop a temperature-sensitive hydrogel nanocomplex delivering SSA in combination with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab to enhance anti-tumor effects.MethodsThrough network pharmacology and transcriptomic analysis, 23 co-regulated genes were identified, leading to the construction of a prognostic risk model containing four core genes. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to explore the binding interaction between SSA and the key target FASN. The Gel@PLGA@SSA@FA was synthesized and characterized. Its cytotoxicity and therapeutic effects were evaluated in OS cell lines, both alone and in combination with pembrolizumab.ResultsFASN was validated as a poor prognostic marker in OS, and molecular simulations confirmed that SSA can effectively bind to FASN. Gel@PLGA@SSA@FA significantly downregulated FASN and CD279 mRNA expression, especially when combined with pembrolizumab. In vitro release studies demonstrated sustained drug release under tumor-mimicking conditions. Functional assays revealed that the combination treatment markedly suppressed OS cell proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis, and exhibited low toxicity toward normal cells.ConclusionThe combination of Gel@PLGA@SSA@FA with pembrolizumab shows strong synergistic anti-tumor effects, offering a promising and biocompatible strategy for enhanced OS therapy.

Hydrogel adhesives are rapidly emerging as a promising candidate toward flexible bioelectronics due to their adhesive characteristics and tissue-like mechanical properties. However, current hydrogel adhesives manifest weak anti-fatigue adhesion and an inability to ensure long-term integration of bioelectrodes on wet and dynamic tissue surfaces because they are constrained by their high swelling ratio and exclusive formation of covalent bonds at the tissue interface and its own weak cohesion. Here, we for the first time develop covalent bond topological adhesion paired with double covalent bond cross-linking in hydrogel to enhance cohesive force and adhesive force, achieving excellent anti-fatigue tissue adhesion and adhesive's capacity to follow significant tissue deformation. The adhesive strength of our hydrogel (Sodium alginate-polyacrylamide-acrylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester hydrogel (SPAN) as the substrate and liquid adhesive containing chitosan (LC) as the adhesive layer) reaches impressive 290 kPa, surpassing that of the reported hydrogels (∼130 kPa). Additionally, fatigue threshold of SPAN/LC adhesion (240 J m-2) far exceeds SPAN (48.6 J m-2) and SPAN/LC (without NHS ester) (71.6 J m-2). Simultaneously, micro-nano gel and pre-swelling strategy enhance the elongation at break (1330 %) and limit swelling of SPAN in vivo (V/V0 = 1) by storing SPAN chains and acting as physical cross-linking points, thereby increasing adhesion stability and biocompatibility. The adhesion strength of SPAN/LC to the tissue consistently remains above 125 kPa after 70 days of immersion in a buffer solution. Employing the hydrogel as the soft interfacing material, we further demonstrate stretchable micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) for long-term electrophysiological recording and stimulation in rat models. Thanks to the superior anti-fatigue performance of the hydrogel adhesives, this MEAs adheres tightly to the wet and continuously moving subcutaneous muscle of a living rat, enabling the stable collection of electrophysiological signals with high signal-to-noise ratios for 35 days. These excellent performances pave the way for establishing a new paradigm in long-term stable and highly efficient signal transmission at the dynamic electrodes-tissue interface.

Wearable sensing devices provide a promising approach for non-invasive health detection. However, most flexible devices are inevitably susceptible to wear and mechanical degradation in practical applications due to stretching, cutting, or overuse, resulting in device malfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to develop sensing devices with self-healing and stretchable capabilities. Here, an in-situ self-healing and stretchable sweat glucose sensor is fabricated by depositing Au on the synthetic self-healable PDMS0.9-IPDI elastomer and modifying polypyrrole/glucose oxidase on the sensing position, respectively. This sensor can recover electromechanical properties through dynamic hydrogen bonds after fracture and self-healing 4 h at room temperature, and maintain stable sensing properties under 50 % strain, which satisfies the strain required by human skin in daily activities. In addition, the modified polypyrrole film on the Au electrode increases the electrochemically active area of the working electrode by 3-4 times and the sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 62.60 μA mM-1 cm-2 in the linear range of 0-1 mM, with the detection limit is as low as 12.58 μM. Furthermore, the sensor can accurately and reliably detect the glucose content in human sweat samples, providing a novel approach for the practical application of glucose sensors.

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) have emerged as promising candidates for actuators, capacitors and generators, but they suffer from low dielectric constants and inferior energy densities. In addition, the mechanism remains unclear, which can be elucidated by molecular dynamics simulations. However, the traditional coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations cannot study the electromechanical coupling effect of DEs due to the lack of coulombic forces, limiting the structural design of DEs toward achieving high performance. In this work, we study the dielectric response of DEs using CGMD simulations with a charged model for the first time. An interesting phenomenon is observed: head-to-head isomer configuration reduces the chain dipole moment but improves the actuated planar area strain (Sp) by 45% and electromechanical energy density by 378%. The mechanism involves the improvement of polarization due to enhanced dipole alignment in network strands under an applied electric field. Additionally, the sequence isomerism significantly accelerates the response rate and reveals a previously unreported scaling law-Sp = a x lg(time) + b. Moreover, sequence isomerism leads to substantial improvements in charge density, discharge density, discharge efficiency, and maximum polarization under high-frequency electric fields, with increases of 66%, 162%, 58%, and 72%, respectively. These performances of isomers are insensitive to electric field frequency and stress due to the quick dielectric response, demonstrating their promising potential in elastic energy storage, which is emerging as a promising approach for next-generation high-performance capacitors. Furthermore, sequence isomerization enhances the electrostatic potential energy by 85% and confers excellent cycling stability, thereby extending the applicability to energy harvesting systems. This work provides a novel strategy for the design of multifunctional DEs and a new method for studying the dielectric response of DEs. In the future, CGMD simulations with charged models can be developed and applied to design novel DEs such as dielectric liquid crystal elastomers and intrinsically elastic ferroelectric materials.

Wearable sensors with body motion sensing networks mark a transformative era in diagnosing and rehabilitating muscular and neurological diseases. However, the integration and multi‐functionality of such wearable sensors inevitably lead to heat accumulation, electromagnetic radiation, and structural failure within electronic components, not only interfering with the normal use of devices but also endangering human health. Herein, a self‐healing waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composite with a high thermal conductivity (TC) and an exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance is prepared via a layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly process of modified graphene nanoplatelets (denoted as XP/G) using polydopamine/polyethyleneimine co‐crosslinking and carboxylic acrylonitrile butadiene rubber latex via vacuum filtration. The subsequent hot‐pressing yields densely interconnected XP/G in the WPU matrix and forms WPU‐based composites featuring nacre‐mimetic microstructures and layered architectures. The resulting WPU‐based composites exhibit a superior TC of 113.6 W (m·K) −1 , an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 67 dB, and a high self‐healing efficiency of over 90%. Furthermore, based on the triboelectric effect, the WPU‐based composites are constructed as smart insoles for real‐time gait recognition and falling detection. Overall, the proposed innovative approach has the potential for prolonging the service life of wearable electronic devices for long‐term use, promising for future flexible devices in human‐computer interaction and smart healthcare.

Flexible pressure sensors are a key component of electronic skins (e-skins), converting mechanical stimuli into easily analyzed electrical signals. These sensors need to be highly sensitive to respond to small changes in external stimuli. However, balancing the trade-off between sensitivity and pressure monitoring range remains a significant challenge. Here, we fabricated a capacitive tunable pressure sensor (TPS), based on the synergistic effect within a composite material, composed of a sponge-like porous structure and thermoplastic expandable microspheres (TEMs). By adjusting the temperature to drive the expansion of the TEMs, mode switching between low and high compression modulus was achieved. This enables high sensitivity (2.39 kPa-1) in low compression modulus mode and a wide pressure monitoring range (up to 953.96 kPa) in high compression modulus mode. TPSs are applicable in diverse fields, from detecting subtle pressures like human pulse and respiration to measuring larger pressures based on touch, and even vehicle loads. These sensors can also be integrated with machine learning algorithms for object recognition. The success of TPS is expected to provide new ideas in solving the trade-off between sensitivity and pressure monitoring range of flexible pressure sensors.image

The flexible strain sensor is a crucial component of wearable technology, offering considerable potential for monitoring physiological signals. Notably, strain sensors based on nanomaterial thin films have gained much attention from researchers due to their excellent performance and ease of preparation. Nevertheless, challenges remain, such as the rapid expansion of cracks in rigid conductive films under strain, which greatly reduces the working range of the sensors. Soft conductive films characterized by small cracks can lead to low sensitivity. This study introduces a novel conductive strategy centered on the double‐layered microcracks of gold/PPy (Polypyrrole) composite films. The as‐prepared strain sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity with a GF (gauge factor) of ≈3.604 × 10 7 , an expansive working range spanning from 0% to 60%, high strain resolution at 0.02%, and commendable cycling stability. The crack formation and sensing mechanisms are thoroughly investigated, elucidating the key role of the double‐layered microcracks in enhancing sensing performance. Ultimately, the practicality of the developed sensors for human health monitoring and human–machine interaction is demonstrated by the accurate detection of vital signs, body motions, weight, and sounds, and the transmission of encrypted messages.

Liquid metal (LM), with its excellent fluidity and electrical conductivity, holds great promise in the field of flexible electronics. However, its high surface tension and poor wettability pose challenges for patterning, limiting its integration and application potential. To overcome this, a novel microscale confined adhesion strategy is proposed that leverages adhesion differences across various surfaces to achieve precise LM patterning. The resulting 16-channel LM electrode array features fine resolution (150 mu m), ultrahigh stretchability (up to 600% strain), and good durability (2 x 104 cycles at 100% strain). Moreover, the adhesion strength between the encapsulation layer and the substrate at recording sites is critical for maintaining electrode stability under mechanical stress. To enhance this adhesion, an encapsulation material named "BAE" is synthesized, in which disulfide bonds can react with thiol-modified substrates to improve interfacial adhesion strength (243 kPa, 2.3 times higher than the unmodified control) and mechanical stability. Additionally, polypyrrole is vapor-deposited onto BAE to enhance the signal transmission quality of the electrode and enable efficient coupling with electromyographic signals. The stretchable electrode array reliably records multi-channel electrophysiological signals under dynamic conditions and achieves 93% gesture recognition accuracy using deep learning, providing support for the development of health monitoring and intelligent control systems.

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), which can produce muscle-like contraction-diastolic deformation under external electrical stimulation, are known as artificial muscle. Due to the advantages of simple structure, fast response speed, large strain output, and high energy density, DEAs have been showing a broad application prospect in the field of soft robotics, prosthetic organs, and braille displays. However, DEAs are susceptible to electrical and mechanical damage during operation, largely limits their long-term and stable service life. Design and preparation of elastomer materials that can endure mechanical and electrical damage is the key to solve the above problem. In this paper, the working principles and material characteristics of DEAs are firstly outlined, then the corresponding optimization methods for improving their actuation performance are introduced. Afterwards, DEAs with various configurations and their working mechanism are issued, showcasing the development of DEAs in biomimetic robots. Next, recent advances in self-healing DEAs containing self-healing dielectric elastomers and self-healing flexible electrodes are summarized. By introducing reversible covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds into polymer chains is a common method to synthesized the self-healing dielectric elastomers. Besides, preparing self-clearing elastomers and adding liquid dielectrics into elastomer matrices can also endow DEAs with self-healing abilities. However, self-cleaning process of dielectric elastomers will lead to the gradual decline of the actuation performance in DEAs and the strict encapsulation is required to avoid liquid leakage in liquid dielectric filled-DEAs. By doping polymers with conductive components, self-clearing compliant electrodes can be obtained by isolating the defects after the device underwent electrical breakdown. However, the mechanical damages such as cracks and scratches on the self-clearing compliant electrodes can hardly be healed. Otherwise, the self-healing compliant electrode with reversible covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds can endure both electrical damage and mechanical damage. At last, the future challenges in DEAs are proposed for promoting their rapid development and application in soft robots.

Liquid metals (LM) exhibit great potential in stretchable bioelectronic devices due to their exceptional deformability, excellent conductivity, biocompatibility, and environmental stability. However, their high surface energy poses challenges for fabricating high-resolution and multichannel bioelectrodes. In this study, high-resolution (10 μm) and multichannel (16-channel) LM bioelectrodes were prepared by inducing the alignment of Ag NPs through the coffee ring effect and utilizing the selective wetting of LM on Ag NPs. The bioelectrodes exhibit excellent tensile conductivity (600% strain) and cyclic stability (1 × 104 cycles in 100% strain). The recording sites of the prepared multichannel electrode arrays were encapsulated with conductive ionic gel, which significantly reduces interfacial impedance (4.14 kΩ at 1 kHz) and enhances the long-term stability of the electrodes (35 days), enabling acquisition of high-quality electrophysiological signals. Additionally, the bioelectrodes have been successfully applied in human motion detection, handwriting recognition, and Joule heating. This study provides a promising strategy for fabricating high-resolution and highly stretchable electrodes with enormous potential for application in flexible electronics.

Hydrogels have attracted increasing attention in wearable sensors, but preparing underwater hydrogel sensors with excellent anti-swelling and self-healing properties is still challenging. Herein, an anti-swelling and self-healing hydrogel is prepared by grafting poly(acrylic acid) with hydrophobic lauryl methacrylate, as well as constructing a second network and multiple molecular interactions (abbreviated as PALCF). The introduced hydrophobic long alkyl chains and the increased cross-linking density of the hydrogel result in a swelling ratio of only 0.04% after immersion in water for 15 days. Due to abundant metal coordination and hydrogen bonds, the PALCF hydrogel exhibits a high tensile stress of 0.60 MPa and a self-healing efficiency reaching 96.0% after self-healing at 60 °C for 2 min. Based on the piezoresistive effect, the PALCF hydrogel is directly used as an underwater strain sensor with a high sensitivity (GF = 2.24) to control underwater vehicles for rescue implementation. Furthermore, two self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator sensors with contact and non-contact models are constructed based on PALCF hydrogels for underwater communication, capable of sending out SOS messages and drowning alarms in emergency. The proposed underwater sensors with drowning warning and rescuing functions have the potential for use in drowning prevention, human-machine interfaces, and underwater communication system.

Brain-computer interface(BCI)is an advanced technology that establishes a direct connection between the brain and external devices,enabling high-speed and real-time information exchange.In BCI systems,electrodes are key interface devices responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and external devices,including recording electrophysiological signals and electri-cally stimulating nerves.Early BCI electrodes were mainly composed of rigid materials.The mismatch in Young's modulus between rigid electrodes and soft biological tissue can lead to rejection reactions within the biological system,resulting in electrode failure.Furthermore,rigid electrodes are prone to damaging biological tissues during implantation and use.Recently,flexible electrodes have garnered attention in the field of brain science research due to their better adaptability to the softness and curvature of the brain.The design of flexible electrodes can effectively reduce mechanical damage to neural tis-sue and improve the accuracy and stability of signal transmission,providing new tools and methods for exploring brain function mechanisms and devel-oping novel neural interface technologies.Here,we review the research ad-vancements in neural electrodes for BCI systems.This paper emphasizes the importance of neural electrodes in BCI systems,discusses the limitations of traditional rigid neural electrodes,and introduces various types of flexible neural electrodes in detail.In addition,we also explore practical application scenarios and future development trends of BCI electrode technology,aiming to offer valuable insights for enhancing the performance and user experience of BCI systems.

CsPbBr3 perovskite has garnered significant attention due to its stable crystal structure and excellent optoelectronic properties. This study establishes an atomically correlated model to describe the phase transition process of CsPbBr3. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT), the research systematically explores the structural evolution, electronic structure, optical properties, and mechanical performance of CsPbBr3 perovskite during the phase transition. Comparative analysis reveals that the newly developed model in this study shows good consistency with results reported in the literature, validating the model’s effectiveness and accuracy. Further analysis indicates a significant phase transition barrier between the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases, suggesting that low-temperature crystallization methods are more suitable for the preparation of CsPbBr3 single crystals or thin films. Notably, despite the distortion of Pb-Br-Pb bonds among different phase structures, the calculated band structures and optical properties exhibit a high degree of similarity, indicating that the optoelectronic properties of CsPbBr3 remain relatively stable across different phases, suggesting a wide operational temperature range. Moreover, an in-depth analysis of the mechanical properties shows that CsPbBr3 exhibits good toughness throughout the phase transition process, with the orthorhombic phase achieving optimal toughness, thermal shock resistance, and machinability. This finding not only provides theoretical support for the application of CsPbBr3 under extreme environmental conditions but also lays a solid foundation for further optimization of its performance and expansion of its application areas