This study explores the evolution of microstructural damage in Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate with varying stacking sequences-unidirectional 0 degrees (UD [0](12)), unidirectional 90 degrees (UD [90](12)), and cross-ply [0/90](6S)-under tension-tension fatigue loading. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the failure mechanisms and correlation between observed damage features and fatigue life were investigated. Mechanical testing results show that the fiber orientation significantly affects fatigue resistance, with UD [0](12) laminates exhibiting early failure due to fiber fracture, while UD [90](12) laminates demonstrate longer fatigue life, primarily influenced by matrix-dominated damage. Cross-ply laminates exhibit a complex combination of fiber and matrix damage, resulting in an intermediate fatigue performance. Quantitative analysis of the micro-CT data unveils the morphology of pore spaces, crack sphericity, and the distribution of crack length, providing further insight into the relationship between microstructural defects and fatigue behavior. This work highlights the critical role of laminate configuration in optimizing CFRP fatigue resistance. A comprehensive framework for understanding the complex interactions governing damage initiation and progression under cyclic loading was also established.

Technological support is needed to ensure the sustainability of Red Calliandra (Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus) as a biomass source for wood pellets. An alternative technology that can be applied is the use of functional, microbe-based biostimulants to optimize wood production while preserving the ecosystem. This study aims to evaluate the role of biostimulants derived from Rhizobium bacteria on the growth of Red Calliandra at the germination stage. The experiment was conducted by applying three types of inoculants, namely, Rhizobium rosettiformans InaCC B1074, Rhizobium calliandrae InaCC B1406, and root nodule extracts from Calliandra plants in situ. The percentage of germination was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD post hoc test (p<0.05) with R and RStudio. The results showed that all microbial inoculant treatments significantly increased the percentage of germination compared to the control (without biostimulant) confirming the effect of Rhizobium inoculant. These results indicate that applying functional microbes can be an innovative strategy to improve the efficiency of Red Calliandra seedling germination, thus potentially supporting the sustainability of energy wood production. Hence, this study contributes to the development of more effective and environmentally friendly germination techniques while opening opportunities for further research on the application of biostimulants to enhance the quality of Red Calliandra seedlings in energy plantations.

This research explores using nanofibrils derived from pineapple leaves and kenaf stalks to reinforce polyurethane composites. The resulting composite material is intended for lightweight construction panels, such as those used in earthquake-resistant building components. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are formed through alkalization and bleaching treatments of pineapple leaf and kenaf fibers. To isolate CNF from fiber use a digital ultrasonic cleaner, a mixer, and an Ultrafine Grinder Masuko Sangyo ISO9001. The isolated CNF is then characterized using FTIR, PSA, TEM, and Keyence Optical Microscope methods. This study incorporated CNF into rigid foam polyurethane (RF-PU) composites at four different concentrations: 0

Non-asbestos materials are developed to replace asbestos as brake pad due to the dangers to human health. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the development of hybrid reinforced polyester composites using natural fibers such as teak wood and water hyacinth for brake pad application. Natural fibers were prepared by drying, cutting, and filtering through a 30-mesh sieve. The quantity of polyester/catalyst resin was fixed at 30 g, while teak wood and water hyacinth fibers were varied (15, 10, and 5 g). Fillers and composites were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and composites were further analyzed through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), hardness, and wear resistance testing. The results of FTIR spectra showed that a 5TW-15WH sample had the lowest lignin content, while surface morphology of composites was inhomogeneous with few voids and cracks. Based on EDS investigation, carbon (C) and oxygen (O) were the two most abundant elements, indicating lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose as the main components in composites. TGA measurement showed that 15TW-5WH sample had lower weight loss compared to others. Increasing water hyacinth caused a significant improvement in material performance, with 5 g teak wood-15 g water hyacinth in the composite, showing the highest hardness at 71.2 Shore D and lowest wear rate of 5.373 × 10-6 mm2/kg.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nendar Herdianto, Winda Rianti, Ika Maria Ulfah, Fitri Kurniawati, Dwi Gustiono, Lukmana, Diah Ayu Fitriani, Riesma Tasomara, Deviro Yanuar, Rakha Ihsan Widyanto, Putri Syipa Kamila; Effect of different calcination temperature on limestone-derived betha tricalcium phosphate prepared by wet chemical precipitation method. AIP Conf. Proc. 28 February 2024; 3003 (1): 020078. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0186093 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a widely used polymer, finds applications in various fields, including bone cement for orthopedic surgeries. In this study, we investigate the synthesis of PMMA via miniemulsion polymerization to enhance its suitability for bone cement applications. The focus lies on understanding the impact of two critical components: anionic surfactant and co-stabilizer virgin coconut oil concentration. The miniemulsion technique offers several advantages, such as improved monomer dispersion, reduced particle size, and enhanced mechanical properties. We systematically explore the influence of different anionic surfactant concentration on the polymerization process and the resulting PMMA properties. Significantly, we evaluate the novel role of virgin coconut oil as a co-stabilizer, aiming to enhance the stability of the PMMA miniemulsion system. Our findings reveal that specific anionic surfactant concentration significantly affect the polymerization kinetics, particle size distribution, and overall PMMA properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of virgin coconut oil as a co-stabilizer demonstrates promising results in terms of miniemulsion stability and final PMMA characteristics. This research contributes valuable insights into tailoring PMMA for bone cement applications, emphasizing the importance of surfactant selection and the potential benefits of using natural co-stabilizers.

The modification of hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds into spherical forms can prevent inflammatory responses and promote faster bone growth compared to irregular scaffolds. HA must possess a porous structure with a porosity value to support bone regeneration. Droplet extrusion is the most widely applied and simplest method to produce hydroxyapatite scaffolds in liquid air systems. Therefore, the addition of carbon black as porogen was aimed to increase the porosity of HA scaffolds. At present work, the synthesis of porous HA scaffold was carried out in two stages: synthesis of HA powder and fabrication of spherical HA scaffold. The materials used were Ca(OH)2 from local limestone, H3PO4, ammonia solution, ethanol, natrium alginate, acetic acid, pharmaceutical-grade chitosan, carbon black, and deionized water. We investigated the influence of carbon black with a concentration variation of 0.5

Indonesia, as an agricultural country, has an agricultural sector that contributes significantly to the national economy. Palm oil is the main commodity that plays an important role in increasing state income, especially in Perdomuan Nauli Village, Kandis District, Riau. This research aims to analyze palm oil marketing in the village using descriptive methods. Primary data was obtained through interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data came from literature and related institutions. The research location was selected through purposive sampling involving 35 respondents who used three main marketing channels: Farmers–Collectors–RAM–PKS, Farmers–Collectors–PKS, and Farmers–RAM–PKS. The research results show that the Farmer–RAM–PKS channel provides the highest profits for farmers with a margin of IDR 434.3/kg, followed by the Farmer–Collector–PKS channel with a profit of IDR 234.3/kg. The Farmer–Collector–RAM–PKS channel, even though it is the longest, still provides profits for farmers of IDR 139.3/kg. Each channel has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the facilities provided and marketing costs incurred. This research emphasizes the importance of evaluating and improving marketing channels to increase the efficiency and welfare of oil palm farmers in Perdomuan Nauli Village

In this research, the production of carbon fiber composite (CFC) with epoxy resin was carried out for biomedical application. The surface of the carbon fibers was previously oxidized with concentrated nitric acid at a temperature of 100 °C for 30–120 min to create a rough surface impression on the carbon fibers to enhance interfacial bonding in the composite, increase surface area, and reduce surface tension. The carbon fiber/epoxy composite was fabricated using the vacuum assisted resin infusion method. Characterization of the oxidized carbon fibers and the composite products was performed using a digital microscope, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. FTIR analysis results indicated that the carbon fiber oxidation process introduced new chemical functional groups, such as –CN and –CO groups. Mechanical characterizations included tensile testing of non-oxidized and oxidized carbon fiber and tensile testing of carbon fiber/epoxy composite. The results showed that the composite formed from oxidized carbon fibers/epoxy resin exhibited higher tensile strength compared to non-oxidized CFC. The longer the carbon fiber oxidation process, the higher the tensile strength values obtained.

AbstractWikasatrian Pusat Kepemimpinan, under the PT Wijaya Karya Persero Tbk management, applies sustainability principles in managing its landscape. Wikasatrian Forest is a green-forested space in the Wikasatrian that is allowed to grow and develop naturally with no or lesser management. A study on plant diversity was conducted to strengthen its conservation value. The study aimed to identify the plant variety of the Wikasatrian Forest, assess the population, and its potential usefulness for people and nature in the landscape and other needs. Data were collected using the line transect method and quadrats analysis of 10 x 10 m squares for trees, 5 x 5 m squares for saplings, and 1 x 1 m squares for ground covers, with six plots of 10 x 100 m squares, in line with the forest track. Results showed that 26 tree species from 20 families were found. On all structure levels, the Shannon’s diversity index (H) was moderate (2.53 – 2.78), and the species evenness index (E) was high (0.7 – 0.82). These showed that this area has a good ecosystem balance with diverse plant species. Most species have multiple potential uses, which are used for medicinal purposes (14) and food sources (10). Some are for materials (9) and environmental improvement (6).

Currently the use of yards is an alternative for the community to meet the needs of the family. Because the yard has the potential to provide food for the family, the narrow plot of land can be modified into a yard that produces usability such as growing vegetables, empon-empon and fruits. Modification of narrow land can use several planting techniques, namely plants using pots (polybags) and hydroponics. The activity was carried out at the Pematang Indah Estate Housing Complex, Pematang Village, the Governor of Muara Bangkahulu District, Bengkulu City. The method of this activity is carried out by way of socialization through lectures and question and answer discussions with housewives who are formed in arisan groups. It is hoped that with this socialization there will be a maximum change in the function of the yard, the community already understands the importance of diversifying food and the health of the food consumed, and understands the management of family income by selling vegetable crops.

UMKM carang mas "Novita" yang berada di di desa rejoso RT 2 RW 10 kecamatan junrejo Kota Batu adalah usaha kecil yang bergerak di bidang makanan ringan. permasalahan yang terdapat di UMKM tersebut adalah beberapa proses produksi masih secara cara manual dan pemasarannya dilakukan secara pasif yang berdasarkan pesanan pembeli, yang akan dijual kembali selain itu juga masih belum memiliki sistem pembukuan dan laporan keuangan dalam menjalankan usahanya dan juga dari sisi kesehatan dan kebersihan masih belum memperhatikan kehigienisan produk yang diproduksi oleh carang mas “Novita”.Tujuan adanya kuliah kepada masyarakat ini dapat berkontribusi secara langsung untuk membantu mempertimbangkan potensi, masalah dan kebutuhan serta kondisi khusus daerah kerja. Oleh karena itu program kerja pengabdian masyarakat diarahkan pada penerapan ipteks yang lebih menekankan pada teknologi tepat guna pemberian motivasi dinamis dan mobilisasi masyarakat untuk membangun aktualisasi pola ilmiah pokok universitas dan pengembangan sikap mental perilaku. Pelaksanaan dilakukan pada UMKM carang mas "Novita" , meliputi dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara pada pengelola UMKM perihal permasalahan yang dihadapi saat ini.Hasil pelaksanaan diketahui bahwa terwujudnya desain (prototype) berupa mesin pengupas dan pencuci bahan baku ubi. kedua, terwujudnya pembukuan pelaporan keuangan.

Abstract Cibodas Botanic Gardens (CBG) is an ex-situ conservation area in tropical highlands. Termites are one of the nuisance organisms in the collection that have conservation value. The number of attacks and the intensity of termite attacks require more strict attention. The main problem in tree health analysis is the difficulty in detecting internal weathering due to attacks by wood-destroying organisms which causes damage to the tree’s core (heart rot) and butt rot. Arborsonic is a tool used and developed to detect and assess tree damage, especially to the trunk. This study aimed to analyze the deterioration of the main trunk of a living tree with visual signs of termite attack using a non-destructive method. Termite observation plots were made in 4 replications to determine the type of termites that attack. Observations on termite baits in 4 plots showed no attack on the baits. Observations on 12 sample trees tested in 4 plots showed low-intensity damage. Visual signs of termite attack can be used as a sign of wood decay, but the effect is minor.

A botanical exploration and collection were already conducted in March 2019 in Pasir Banteng and Pasir Pogor, Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia, by a staff team from Cibodas Botanic Gardens (CBG). The following steps are to ensure these plants will be vigorous and survive in the nursery, which will later be ready to be planted and displayed as a garden collection. This study aimed to describe a series of treatments and management of these collections, analyze the survivorship level in the nursery, and record which seedlings were successfully planted in the garden. We explained the plant mainte­nance used a qualitatively-descriptively method; the survivorship level was measured based on the proportional numbers of the survived individuals; the planted seedlings in the garden were recorded from the field observation. The findings showed that in the first three months of maintenance, seedlings occurred a large amount of mortality. Next, from June 2019 to August 2020, the seedlings performed good development with no mortali­ty reported. In September 2020, as many as 13 specimens experienced mortality. At the end of December 2020, the total crude mortality was 41 specimens, and the survivorship level was 75.15%. All the orchid specimens have been planted as the garden collec­tions

The heat treatment improves the casting results structure and changes the alloys microstructure. The fractal dimension of the Ti-6Al-4V Extra Low Interstitial (ELI) alloy changes with the alteration of surface roughness under various heat treatment conditions. This study used three primary raw materials: first-grade Titanium, pure aluminum, and pure vanadium. The SEM images of the sample were translated into topographic data. The Fractal Dimension (FD) calculation results that the surfaces topography appearing throughout the heat treatment temperatures and has fractal features. The Heat Treatment (HT) process shows a close relationship between heat treatment temperature and fractal dimension. Surface roughness after heat treatment at 1050oC is smoother than at 850oC and 950oC.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the role of parents in introducing sex education to children and to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors of the role of parents in introducing sex education. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This study focuses on the role of parents in introducing early sex education. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires, observations and interviews to find out how far and how the role of parents in introducing sex education to children as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in the introduction of sex education in children. The subjects in this study were seven (7) parents. The results of the study indicate that the role of parents in introducing sex education to children has been carried out by parents although it has not been maximized. The role that parents have done is to give an example of loving the body, supervising children when watching television, supervising children when playing gadgets (youtube). While the things that have not been done by parents are teaching not to undress in front of the opposite sex, providing clothes according to the child's gender, giving examples of protecting themselves from sexual violence, mentioning the name of the child's genitals properly, separating the child's bedroom according to gender, separating the bedroom sleeping with their parents, and teaching the etiquette of asking permission to enter the parents' room. The factors supporting and inhibiting the role of parents in introducing sex education for children are Gadgets, Family, Communication between parents, Culture, Knowledge and Methods of Delivery of Parents.Keywords: Parental Role, Parental Involvement, Sex Education for AUD, Child Education, Support System AbstrakTujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran orangtua dalam mengenalkan pendidikan seks, faktor pendukung dan penghambat peran orangtua dalam mengenalkan pendidikan seks untuk anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada peran orangtua dalam mengenalkan pendidikan seks usia dini. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner (angket), observasi dan wawancara untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh dan bagaimana peran orangtua dalam mengenalkan pendidikan seks pada anak serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pengenalan Pendidikan seks pada anak. Subyek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak tujuh (7) orangtua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran orangtua dalam mengenalkan pendidikan seks pada anak sudah dilakukan oleh orangtua walaupun belum maksimal. Peran yang telah dilakukan orangtua ialah memberi contoh menyayangi tubuh, mengawasi anak ketika menonton televisi, mengawasi anak ketika bermain gadget (youtube). Sedangkan hal yang belum dilakukan oleh orangtua ialah mengajarkan tidak membuka baju di depan lawan jenisnya, menyediakan pakaian sesuai jenis kelamin anak, memberikan contoh melindungi diri dari kekerasan seksual, menyebutkan nama alat kelamin anak dengan semestinya, memisahkan kamar tidur anak sesuai jenis kelaminnya, memisahkan kamar tidur anak dengan orangtua, dan mengajarkan etika meminta izin masuk ke kamar orangtua. Adapun faktor pendukung dan penghambat peran orangtua dalam mengenalkan pendidikan seks untuk anak ialah Gadget, Keluarga, Komunikasi antar orangtua, Budaya, Pengetahuan dan Cara Penyampaian orangtua. Kata kunci: Peran Orangtua, Keterlibatan Orangtua, Pendidikan seks bagi AUD, Pendidikan Anak, Support System

Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC., commonly known as saninten, is an endangered evergreen tree species native to Sumatra and Java Islands, Indonesia. This study was carried out to assess the genetic diversity of C. argentea in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park (MGPNP) based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. The samples of C. argentea were collected from six locations in MGPNP. The results showed that from 19 selected random primers used, 13 primers, i.e. OPA-4, OPA-7, OPA-9, OPB-1, OPB-7, OPB-8, OPC-5, OPC-8, OPE-1, OPE-4, OPE-6, OPE-7, and OPE-8 gave reproducible amplification banding patterns. The polymorphic information content was highest for the primer OPE-6 (0.49) followed by the primers OPB-7 (0.41), OPC-8 (0.41), OPE-4 (0.38), and OPE-7 (0.38). The similarity coefficient varied from 0.57 to 0.92, indicated a high level of genetic variation among the genotypes. The cluster analysis showed that the species of C. argentea in MGPNP were clustered into two groups: the first cluster consisted of samples from six locations (Bodogol, Tapos, Cisarua, Cibodas, Tegalega, and Selabintana) and the second consisted of samples from two locations (Selabintana and Cisarua). Considering the conservation status and genetic diversity of C. argentea, it is necessary to implement conservation strategies such as conserve the habitat and propagation using resources from several locations.

Abstrak. Review artikel ini ditujukan untuk membahas tentang potensi bunga tanaman sukun sebagai antioksidan. Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang menjadi kekayaan alam hayati Indonesia. Tanaman tersebut telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai bahan pangan, bahan peralatan rumah tangga, serta obat tradisional untuk mengobati penyakit rematik, diabetes, penyakit jantung, sariawan, gangguan hati, asam urat, radang sendi, gangguan ginjal, panu, hipertensi, dan menurunkan kolesterol. Bunga sukun mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Senyawa flavonoid dan tanin merupakan senyawa fenolik yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, sehingga mampu menghambat proses oksidasi yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas. Aktivitas antioksidan dapat ditentukan dengan metode antara lain DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, dan ORAC.Kata kunci : Artocarpus altilis, bunga sukun, antioksidanAbstract. This review article is intended to discuss the potential of breadfruit plant flowers as antioxidants. Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is one of the plants that is part of Indonesia's natural resources. These plants have been used by the community as food, household utensils, and traditional medicines to treat rheumatism, diabetes, heart disease, mouth sores, liver disorders, gout, arthritis, kidney problems, tinea versicolor, hypertension, and lowering cholesterol. Breadfruit flowers contain secondary metabolite compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Flavonoids and tannins are phenolic compounds that have antioxidant activity, so they can inhibit the oxidation process caused by free radicals. Antioxidant activity can be determined by methods including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and ORAC.Key words: Artocarpus altilis, breadfuit flowers, antioxidant

Agarwood is a resin produced from several types of trees that are infected. The high demand for agarwood causes CITES in 2004 to include this in appendix II, meaning that the agarwood trading is determined by quota. The Global Climate Change Model (GCM) predicts that by the end of the 21st century, compared with the pre-1980s, global warming will lead to an increase in average temperatures of 3-4 °C, a decrease in rainfall 30-40%, significant changes in seasons and severe weather events. When there are changes in these climate variables, the habitat value for the area will also change. This study aims to develop a species distribution model of Aquilaria malaccensis based on naturalised distribution to project the potential distribution of A. malaccensis throughout Indonesia under current climate conditions and to assess the sensitivity of this distribution to climate change. The Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Laboratory application was used for this analysis. The distribution of A. malaccensis looks to be changing where in the year 2050 the decline in the number of locations estimated to be suitable for A. malaccensis habitat will experience a significant decline such as distribution on the islands of Kalimantan, Bali, Lombok, and Timor. The opposite pattern is found in the pattern of prediction of its distribution on Sumatra and Sumba. On both of these islands, the number of suitable habitat prediction locations for A. malaccensis will increase by 2050. This study has an important implication on the agarwood, where it emphasizing that conservation (both in-situ and ex-situ) of A. malaccensis agarwood is needed.