BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health concern worldwide, which may lead to detrimental maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal nutritional status, gestational weight gain (GWG), and lifestyle factors are potentially modifiable determinants of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined the association between PTB and maternal GWG and assessed whether maternal dietary habits and lifestyle factors were related to GWG in women delivering preterm versus at term. METHODS:A retrospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary center in Hungary (MANOR Study, 2019). The case group included n = 100 women with PTB, while n = 200 matched term deliveries served as controls (1:2 ratio). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and medical records. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was categorized using standard definitions, while GWG was classified as inadequate, recommended, or excessive according to the US 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. A 7-item dietary index score was calculated based on gestational dietary habits. RESULTS:Pre-pregnancy BMI distribution did not considerably differ between groups (p > 0.05); over one-third of women in both groups were overweight or had obesity (38.7% vs. 36.7%). Previous PTB (p < 0.001) and gestational hypertension (GHT) (p = 0.003) were more common among current PTB cases, while smoking, alcohol consumption, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) showed negligible differences (p > 0.05)-28.0% of cases, and 34.5% of controls were classified as having healthy dietary habits, based on the dietary index score calculated. Inadequate GWG was more prevalent among PTB cases (49.0% vs. 26.8%), whereas excessive GWG was less frequent among cases (21.9% vs. 38.4%). Being within the recommended GWG range and the manifestation of gestational hypertension were associated with lower (aOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.87; p = 0.020) and higher (aOR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.44-8.19; p = 0.005) odds of PTB, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Inadequate GWG was more common in PTB, while excessive GWG was more frequent in term pregnancies. Fast-food consumption was associated with excessive GWG among term births. Optimizing GWG and improving maternal diet quality should be included as key, cross-cutting interventions targeting the improvement of antenatal care.

INTRODUCTION:The global incidence of obesity during pregnancy is increasing, and this poses a significant challenge in the appropriate management of pregnancy and childbirth. OBJECTIVE:The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of maternal obesity as a risk factor on hemodynamic parameter changes during pregnancy. METHOD:From the 557 investigated cases, the body mass index was normal in 326 cases and obesity was detected in 121 cases. Our measurements were classified into 6-6 groups based on gestational weeks (<14, 14-18, 19-23, 24-28, 29-34, >34). The following hemodynamic parameters were measured: mean arterial pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate. We examined the changes in these values as the effect of gestational age in normal and obese pregnant women. A comparative study between the individual groups was also conducted. RESULTS:In pregnant women with normal body mass index, mean arterial pressure did not change significantly (p = 0.25), but there was a non-significant decrease (p = 0.38) at the 15th and a positive non-significant (p = 0.47) spike at the 28th gestational week. The systolic value significantly decreased continuously (p = 0.008), and there was no significant change in the diastolic value (p = 0.86). Pulse pressure decreased significantly (p = 0.0001), whereas the pulse rate (p = 0.01) increased significantly in the first and second trimesters, but in the group with 29-33 weeks of gestation we have experienced a significant increase with regard to both values. In obese pregnant women, mean arterial pressure decreased significantly (p = 0.0001), a significant decrease (p = 0.004) was observed in the 15th week and a significant increase in the 24-28th week of pregnancy (p = 0.0001). Systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure also decreased significantly (p = 0.001). We did not detect any significant change in heart rate (p = 0.53). DISCUSSION:Comparing the results of the two groups, the measured mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure values were significantly higher in the obese group (p = 0.0001). It would be advisable to monitor blood pressure at least monthly under validated conditions, with particular attention to mean arterial pressure, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of hypertension during pregnancy. Orv Hetil. 2026; 168(18): 702-713.

Bevezetés: A terhesség alatti elhízás globális előfordulása növekedésben van, és ez jelentős kihívást jelent a terhesség, illetve a szülés megfelelő kezelésében. Célkitűzés: Vizsgálatunk célja annak elemzése volt, hogy az anyai elhízás mint rizikófaktor milyen hatással van a hemodinamikai paraméterek terhesség során bekövetkező változásaira. Módszer: Az 557 vizsgált páciensből 326 normális testtömegindexszel rendelkező és 121 elhízott pácienst vettünk figyelembe. Méréseinket a terhességi hetek alapján 6-6 csoportba soroltuk (<14., 14–18., 19–23., 24–28., 29–34., >34. terhességi hét). A következő hemodinamikai paramétereket mértük: artériás középnyomás, systolés vérnyomás, diastolés vérnyomás, pulzusnyomás, pulzusszám. Ezen értékek változását követtük nyomon a terhességi kor függvényében normális testtömegű, illetve elhízott páciensek esetében. Az egyes csoportok között összehasonlító elemzés is készült. Eredmények: A normális testtömegű várandósoknál az artériás középnyomás nem változott szignifikánsan (p = 0,25), viszont volt egy nem szignifikáns (p = 0,38) csökkenés a 15. terhességi héten és egy pozitív nem szignifikáns (p = 0,47) kiugrás a 28. terhességi héten. A systolés érték folyamatosan szignifikánsan csökkent (p = 0,008), a diastolés értékben viszont nem történt szignifikáns változás (p = 0,86). A pulzusnyomás szignifikánsan csökkent (p = 0,0001), míg a pulzusszám (p = 0,01) szignifikánsan emelkedett az első és második trimeszterben, de a 29–33. héten szignifikáns mértékben csökkent (p = 0,0001), és megfigyelhető volt egy szignifikáns (p = 0,004) csökkenés a 15. héten és egy szignifikáns mértékű pozitív kiugrás a 24–28. terhességi héten (p = 0,0001). A systolés, a diastolés érték, illetőleg a pulzusnyomás is szignifikánsan csökkent (p = 0,001). A pulzusszám esetében szignifikáns változást a terhesség során nem észleltünk. Megbeszélés: A két csoport eredményeit összehasonlítva, elhízás esetén szignifikánsan magasabbak voltak a mért artériás középnyomás, systolés és diastolés vérnyomás, illetve a pulzusnyomás értékei (p = 0,0001). Javasolt lenne legalább havi rendszerességgel, validált körülmények között ellenőrizni a vérnyomást, különös tekintettel a 28–32. terhességi hét közötti artériás középnyomásra, a systolés vérnyomásra, illetőleg a pulzusnyomásra. Következtetés: Eredményeinkből arra következtethetünk, hogy az elhízás a terhesség alatti magas vérnyomás kialakulásában jelentős rizikófaktort képvisel a harmadik trimeszterben. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(18): 702–713.

Background: Laeverin is an extravillous trophoblast marker playing a significant role in trophoblast migration. We endeavored to estimate the association between the amniotic and serum laeverin concentrations at 16–22 weeks of gestation and the fetal and placental ultrasound measurements in high-risk uncomplicated pregnancies. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of consecutively recruited singleton pregnancies undergoing amniocentesis was performed. Fetal structural malformations and/or aneuploidy were the exclusion criteria. Fetal biometric parameters and placental growth/perfusion were assessed by ultrasound in 44 high-risk pregnancies who had no pregnancy complications and any other chronic disease. Maternal serum and amniotic laeverin levels were essayed with sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum laeverin levels are decreasing marginally with the maternal age in mid-gestation. Laeverin levels in the serum correlated minimally negatively with head size of the fetus (β = −0.38; p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.03–0.01), whereas the amniotic level correlated strongly with the fetal abdominal circumference (β = −0.74; p < 0.05; 95% CI: −0.34–−0.09). In addition, the amniotic laeverin level correlated moderately and positively with the placental volume (β = 0.46; p < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01–0.08). Conclusions: Laeverin levels detected in the serum and in the amniotic fluid denote the fetoplacental growth in uncomplicated high-risk pregnancies.

Background/Objectives: There is clear evidence that maternal micronutrient deficiencies result in adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. Therefore, corrective supplementation should be considered when dietary intake is insufficient, particularly for vitamin D (VD), omega-3 fatty acids (O3), folic acid (FA), or prenatal multiple micronutrient products (PMM). Despite its significance, intake patterns in Hungary remain largely unexplored, and evaluating adherence to recommended intake levels would be of even greater importance. This is the first Hungarian study to provide a comprehensive overview of the frequency and adherence patterns of micronutrient supplementation among pregnant women, while also analyzing their association with predictors and outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 300 pregnant women who delivered in a university hospital. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire and clinical maternal and neonatal records. Results: The prevalence of FA, VD, O3, and PMM intake among the participants was 89.0%, 76.4%, 58.7%, and 67.6%, respectively. However, adherence to recommendations was notably lower: 41.1% for VD, 37.5% for O3, 36% for PMM, and 31% for FA. Higher adherence was associated with older maternal age, higher educational level, county town residence, planned pregnancy, primiparity, previous spontaneous abortion, and early initiation of antenatal care. Our findings refute concerns about the obesogenic effect of supplementation for both mothers and newborns. FA intake correlated with a lower likelihood of cesarean section, while O3 use was associated with improved uterine contractility and reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Our study underscores the need for individualized counselling on micronutrient supplementation, with particular emphasis on appropriate timing, dosage, and potential benefits.

Objectives: Strain elastography (SE) is a non-invasive ultrasound-based technique for evaluating tissue elasticity. This study investigated whether SE can reproducibly detect differences in suburethral tissue stiffness between women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and continent controls. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 40 women (20 with SUI, 20 continent controls) underwent introital two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound in the midsagittal plane at rest. SE was performed at three predefined suburethral regions of interest (ROIs): the internal urethral orifice (IUO), midurethra (MU), and external urethral orifice (EUO), with the adipose layer (AL) serving as reference tissue. Group comparisons and reproducibility analyses were conducted. Results: SE enabled reliable in vivo assessment of suburethral elasticity. Women with SUI demonstrated significantly higher tissue elasticity at all three urethral levels compared to controls. The MU level showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.813; sensitivity = 0.65; specificity = 0.85). Measurement reproducibility was excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients exceeding 0.95 across all ROIs. Conclusions: SE is a feasible, reproducible imaging modality for assessing suburethral biomechanics in women with SUI. It effectively distinguishes affected individuals from continent controls, particularly at the midurethral level. Standardized protocols and diagnostic thresholds are needed to facilitate clinical integration of SE in the evaluation and management of SUI.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common subtype of female urinary incontinence, affecting up to one in four women and markedly reducing quality of life. Its pathophysiology primarily involves impaired suburethral and paraurethral support, resulting in decreased tissue stiffness and urethral hypermobility. Conventional imaging provides anatomical detail but is limited in its ability to assess pelvic floor biomechanics. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on strain elastography (SE) as a functional imaging modality in urogynecology, with emphasis on evaluating suburethral tissue stiffness in women with SUI. A narrative review was performed using PubMed (2000–2025). Primary searches (“strain elastography” AND “female stress urinary incontinence”; “stress incontinence” AND “elastography”) yielded 19 records, of which 12 were included after screening. Owing to the limited number of SE-specific studies, the review was expanded to include shear wave elastography research, key guidelines, and biomechanical literature on pelvic floor ultrasound in adult women with SUI. SE provides a non-invasive, real-time method for assessing tissue stiffness, bridging the longstanding gap between anatomical and biomechanical evaluation. Current evidence supports SE as a feasible and promising diagnostic adjunct for the functional assessment of SUI in women.

Perinatal depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in women. The aim of this study was to assess the association of life stressors, perceived stress, obstetric and neonatal complications, and depressive symptoms in the early postpartum period and to compare these variables in two groups of women (preterm and term deliveries). Methods: A case–control study was conducted among 300 women who gave birth in 2019 at the University of Szeged. Cases included women with preterm deliveries (<37 weeks, n = 100), and the controls included women with term deliveries (≥37 weeks, n = 200). Data were collected during postpartum hospital stays through a self-administered questionnaire (containing validated questionnaires: the Holmes–Rahe Life Stress Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)) and the medical records of women and newborns. A descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of high EPDS scores (≥10). Results: Perceived stress levels were significantly higher among cases than controls (p < 0.001). Higher perceived stress was associated with a higher risk of depression in cases (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17–1.48, p < 0.001) and controls (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.45, p < 0.001), too. Newborn complications were associated with an increased perinatal depression risk in the controls (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.05–5.91; p = 0.039) but not in the cases (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 0.79–9.85; p = 0.111). It is supposed that premature birth was stressful itself, and women with preterm babies were less sensitive to any complications occurring in their newborns compared to women with term newborns. Neither maternal age, education, nor obstetric complications predicted depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the impact of maternal perceived stress and newborns’ health status on the risk of developing depression during the early postpartum period. These results emphasize the need for ongoing screening and follow-up measures, especially for women with higher EPDS scores.

Introduction: Trophoblast-derived angiogenic factors are considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of various complications of pregnancy. Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) belongs to the non-classical human major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecule and has membrane-bound and soluble forms. HLA-G is primarily expressed by extravillous cytotrophoblasts located in the placenta between the maternal and fetal compartments and plays a pivotal role in providing immune tolerance. The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between concentrations of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid at 16–22 weeks of gestation and the sonographic measurements of fetal and placental growth. Materials and methods: sHLA-G in serum and amniotic fluid, as well as fetal biometric data and placental volume and perfusion indices, were determined in 41 singleton pregnancies with no complications. The level of sHLA-G (U/mL) was tested with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: The sHLA-G levels were unchanged both in amniotic fluid and serum during mid-pregnancy. The sHLA-G level in serum correlated positively with amniotic sHLA-G level (β = 0.63, p < 0.01). Serum sHLA-G level was significantly correlated with abdominal measurements (β = 0.41, p < 0.05) and estimated fetal weight (β = 0.41, p < 0.05). Conversely, amniotic sHLA-G level and placental perfusion (VI: β = −0.34, p < 0.01 and VFI: β = −0.44, p < 0.01, respectively) were negatively correlated. A low amniotic sHLA-G level was significantly associated with nuchal translucency (r = −0.102, p < 0.05). Conclusions: sHLA-G assayed in amniotic fluid might be a potential indicator of placental function, whereas the sHLA-G level in serum can be a prognostic factor for feto-placental insufficiency.

Purpose To identify the most predictive ultrasound parameters for the assessment of male infertility by a multiparametric study. Materials and Methods A total of 64 males were recruited in the study group and 14 men in the control group. At first, grey-scale and color and Power Doppler ultrasonographic imaging was used to analyze testicular morphological characteristics and detect intratesticular abnormalities. Various ultrasound parameters of B-mode US and strain-elastography were related to total sperm count (TSC). Results The prevalence of varicocele was not significant ( P = 0.33), though presented a 2.53-fold odds ratio The strain ratios of both testes, the volume of the left testis and the size of the left appendix were most associated with the results of semen analysis according to a Variable Importance in the Projection (VIP) score of >1. The first latent variable from the PLS analysis explained a significant amount of variance in TSC, concentration, and motility parameters ( P < 0.0002) and showed that bilateral strain ratio, the size of the testis, and the volume of left appendix were the most significant US predictors of the pathological semen and sperm cell features. Conclusions Our results showed that B-mode US with strain elastography is among more sensitive US approaches in evaluating male fertility.

Introduction: Laeverin is an extravillous trophoblast marker playing a significant role in the trophoblast migration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the amniotic and serum laeverin concentrations at 16-22 weeks of gestation and the fetal and placental ultrasound measurements in healthy, unaffected pregnancies. Materials and methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Pregnant women with singleton pregnancies undergoing amniocentesis were recruited consecutively. Fetal structural malformations and/or aneuploidy were exclusion criteria. Fetal biometric parameters and placental growth/perfusion were measured in 44 high-risk pregnancies who had no pregnancy complication and any other chronic disease. Maternal serum and amniotic levels of laeverin were essayed with sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum laeverin levels are decreasing slightly with the maternal age in mid-gestation. Serum laeverin level correlated negatively slightly with head size of the fetus with the gestational length at delivery (β=-0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.03-0.01), while the amniotic laeverin level correlated strongly with the abdominal circumference of the fetus (β=-0.64, 95% CI: -0.03-0.01). Furthermore, laeverin level in the amnion correlated moderately and positively with the placental volume (β=0.46, 95% CI: 0.01-0.08). Conclusions: Laeverin levels detected in the serum and in the amniotic fluid denotes the fetoplacental growth in uncomplicated high-risk pregnancies.

Background and Objectives: Increasing evidence points to the significant role of the angiogenic factor levels in screening for pregnancy outcome. To examine the potential relationship between concentrations of placental protein 13 (PP13) and soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid at 16–23 weeks of gestation and the sonographic features of pregnancy as well as pregnancy outcome. Materials and Methods: PP13 and sHLA-G in serum and amniotic fluid, fetal biometrical data, and placental volume and perfusion indices were determined in 71 euploid, singleton pregnancies. Results: The serum sHLA-G level exhibits a negative correlation with the serum PP13 level (r = −0.186, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with the sHLA-G level in amniotic fluid (r = 0.662, p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between serum sHLA-G level and placental volume (r = 0.142, p < 0.05) and between amniotic sHLA-G level and placental perfusion (r = −0.450, p < 0.001). A low amniotic PP13 level significantly predicted the birth weight (r = −0.102, p < 0.05), the duration of pregnancy (r = −0.155, p < 0.05), and the fetal abdominal circumference (r = −0.098, p < 0.05). Conclusions: PP13 assayed in amniotic fluid might be a potential marker of fetal growth, and sHLA-G can be an adjunct modality reflecting placental sonographic parameters.

Adequate vitamin D (VD) intake during pregnancy is needed for fetal development and maternal health maintenance. However, while there is no doubt regarding its importance, there is not a unified recommendation regarding adequate intake. The main aim of our study was to measure the VD serum level of studied women, together with its potential influencing factors: demographic (i.e., age, level of education, relationship status and type of residence), conception and pregnancy related factors. Results are based on secondary data analyses of a retrospective case–control study of 100 preterm and 200 term pregnancies, where case and control groups were analyzed together. Data collection was based on a self-administered questionnaire, health documentation, and maternal serum VD laboratory tests. VD intake was evaluated by diet and dietary supplement consumption. According to our results, 68.1% of women took some kind of prenatal vitamin, and only 25.9% of them knew about its VD content. Only 12.1% of included women reached the optimal, 75 nmol/L serum VD level. Higher maternal serum levels were associated with early pregnancy care visits (p = 0.001), assisted reproductive therapy (p = 0.028) and advice from gynecologists (p = 0.049). A correlation was found between VD intake and serum levels (p < 0.001). Despite the compulsory pregnancy counselling in Hungary, health consciousness, VD intake and serum levels remain below the recommendations. The role of healthcare professionals is crucial during pregnancy regarding micronutrients intake and the appropriate supplementation dose.

Active learning, a powerful paradigm in machine learning, aims at reducing labeling costs by selecting the most informative samples from an unlabeled dataset. However, the traditional active learning process often demands extensive computational resources, hindering scalability and efficiency. In this paper, we address this critical issue by presenting a novel method designed to alleviate the computational burden associated with active learning on massive datasets. To achieve this goal, we introduce a simple, yet effective method-agnostic framework that outlines how to strategically choose and annotate data points, optimizing the process for efficiency while maintaining model performance. Through case studies, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in reducing computational costs while maintaining or, in some cases, even surpassing baseline model outcomes. Code is available at https://github.com/aimotive/Compute-Efficient-Active-Learning.

Galectin-13 (Gal-13) is predominantly produced by the syncytiotrophoblast, while laeverin is expressed on the outgrowing extravillous trophoblast, and both are thought to be biomarkers of preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between concentrations of Gal-13 and laeverin measured in maternal serum and amniotic fluid at 16–22 weeks of gestation and the sonographic assessment of the fetoplacental measurements. Fetal biometric data and placental volume and perfusion indices were measured in 62 singleton pregnancies. Serum and amniotic levels of Gal-13 and laeverin levels were measured using a sandwich ELISA. Both amniotic fluid and serum Gal-13 levels expressed a negative correlation to the plasma laeverin level in mid-pregnancy. Serum laeverin level correlated positively with the gestational length at delivery (β = 0.39, p < 0.05), while the amniotic laeverin level correlated well with the abdominal circumference of the fetus (β = 0.44, p < 0.05). Furthermore, laeverin level in the amnion correlated positively with the estimated fetal weight (β = 0.48, p < 0.05) and with the placental volume (β = 0.32, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed that a higher circulating Gal-13 level represents a slightly significant risk factor (OR: 1.01) for hypertension-related diseases during pregnancy. It is a novelty that laeverin can be detected in the amniotic fluid, and amnion laeverin concentration represents a potential biomarker of fetoplacental growth.

Abstract Background Adequate level of health literacy (HL) is an important factor in pregnancy. Low HL may increase the risk of maternal and fetal complications (e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight). This study aimed to measure the levels of maternal HL and its associations with the consumption of folic acid (FoA), vitamin D (VD), and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) during pregnancy in Hungarian women. Methods The questionnaire-based study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged among women who gave birth between June and September 2023 (N = 294). Sociodemographic, lifestyle, conception and pregnancy related questions were asked. HL was measured by the Maternal Health Literacy Inventory in Pregnancy (MHELIP) questionnaire (after the Hungarian adaptation); it contains 48 items representing four subscales (maternal health knowledge, search for maternal health information, assessment of maternal health information, and maternal health decision making and behavior). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 29.0. (Ethical permission: 5351) Results The mean age of women was 31.53 +-4.75 years. During pregnancy 84.5% of women consumed FoA, 61.8% VD and 41.8% omega-3 FAs. The total mean score of MHELIP on a scale 0-100 was 78.93 (95%CI: 77.77-80.08); the score of “search for maternal health information” subscale was the lowest [57.68 (95%CI: 56.20-59.16)], and the score of “maternal health decision making and behavior” was the highest [86.75 (95%CI: 85.62-87.87)]. Omega-3 FAs and VD consumption was significantly higher in women with higher total and subscales mean scores (except “search for maternal health information”), while FoA consumption was significant in case of “assessment of maternal health information”. (The results are preliminary.) Conclusions The association between micronutrient consumption and HL supports that using this tool during pregnancy the mothers who needs more support and health information can be identified. Key messages • The Maternal Health Literacy Inventory in Pregnancy questionnaire is a reliable tool for measuring health literacy in Hungarian pregnant women. • Maternal health literacy plays an important role in the healthier lifestyle, including prenatal vitamin/micronutrient consumption.

Bevezetés: A placenta perfúziója háromdimenziós power-Doppler (3DPD)-indexekkel értékelhető in vivo, szonobiopsziás úton vagy pedig a teljes placentában. Célkitűzés: A két mérési módszer közötti kapcsolat feltárása. Egészséges várandós nők körében prospektív kohorsz-ultrahangvizsgálat történt a 11–40. terhességi héten. Módszer: A placenta vascularisatióját a 3DPD-indexek (vascularisatiós index [VI]; áramlási index [FI]; vascularisatiós áramlási index [VFI]) segítségével értékeltük ki gömb alakú szonobiopszás eljárással vagy pedig a teljes méhlepényben. Eredmények: Összesen 150 nőt vizsgáltunk meg, átlagosan 20,8 ± 7,22 hetes terhességi korban. Megfigyeltük, hogy a szonobiopsziás gömbtechnikával mért 3DPD-indexek a terhességi korral előrehaladva csökkennek a 11. és a 40. hét között, míg a teljes méhlepény térfogatszkennelése stabil, állandó csökkenő vascularisatiós mutatókat eredményezett a várandósság alatt. Az indexek a szkennelés módjától függetlenül legalább közepes mértékben korreláltak egymással (r≥0,30). Limitáló tényezők: A terhesség előrehaladtával egyre kevesebb rész jeleníthető meg a méhlepényből egyetlen ultrahangképen, a terhesség késői szakaszában a méhlepénynek csak egy kis része vizsgálható egyszerre. Következtetés: A placentából a köldökzsinór-eredési pontnál vett szonobiopsziás minta 3DPD-indexei jobban tükrözik a várandósság alatti exponenciálisan növekvő méhlepény csökkenő erezettségét. Ennélfogva a szonobiopsziás gömbtechnika hathatósabb szűrővizsgálati lehetőséget kínálhat patológiás terhességek esetén. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(8): 300–307.

Background and Objectives: Preterm birth as a complex phenomenon is influenced by numerous endogenic and exogenic factors, although its exact cause often remains obscure. According to epidemiological studies, maternal periodontal diseases, in addition to affecting general health, can also cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Nonetheless, the existing results in the literature regarding this topic remain controversial. Consequently, our study aimed to determine the connection between poor maternal periodontal status and neonatal birth weight. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 primigravida–primiparous pregnant, healthy women underwent a periodontal examination in the second trimester of their pregnancies. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were determined, and based on these diagnostic measurements, the patients were divided into three subgroups according to their dental status: healthy (H, n = 17), gingivitis (G, n = 67), and periodontitis (P, n = 27). Results: Considering that poor maternal oral status is an influencing factor for obstetrical outcomes, the presence of PD and BOP (characterized by the sulcus bleeding index, SBI) was evaluated. In the case of P, defined as PD ≥ 4 mm in at least one site and BOP ≥ 50% of the teeth, a significant correlation between BOP and a low neonatal birth weight at delivery (p = 0.001) was found. An analysis of the relationship between SBI and gestational age (GA) at the time of the periodontal examination in the different dental status groups showed a significant correlation between these parameters in the G group (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a worse periodontal status during pregnancy may negatively affect obstetrical outcomes, especially the prematurity rate and newborn weight. Therefore, the importance of periodontal screening to prevent these complications is undeniable.